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TITLE OF YOUR PROJECT

An Undergraduate CAPSTONE Project

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Under the Supervision of

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 Faculty of Engineering
American International University - Bangladesh

TITLE OF YOUR PROJECT

A CAPSTONE Project submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, American International University -

Bangladesh (AIUB) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in
their mentioned respective programs.

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 Faculty of Engineering
American International University - Bangladesh
 DECLARATION

This is to certify that this project is our original work. No part of this work has been submitted elsewhere
partially or fully for the award of any other degree or diploma. Any material reproduced in this project has
been properly acknowledged.

AIUB reserves the right to reuse/update any proprietary material designed and developed for this work.

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© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) i

 APPROVAL

The CAPSTONE Project titled TITLE OF YOUR PROJECT has been submitted to the following respected
members of the Board of Examiners of the Faculty of Engineering in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in the respective programs mentioned below on
by the following students and has been accepted as satisfactory.

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Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering

American International University- American International University-
Bangladesh Bangladesh

__________________ __________________
Prof. Dr. Md. Abdur Rahman Prof. Dr. ABM Siddique Hossain
Associate Dean Dean
Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering
American International University- American International University-
Bangladesh Bangladesh

__________________
Dr. Carmen Z. Lamagna

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) ii

 Vice Chancellor
American International University-Bangladesh

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In this section, express your gratitude to the people who have helped you throughout the work. Give
thanks to different people for valuable discussions, their suggestions, ideas and encouragements.

This section should not be more than one page. But if you cannot confine your gratitude in one page, you
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2. Second Author

3. Third Author

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© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) iii

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION........................................................................................................................................I
APPROVAL..............................................................................................................................................II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................................III
LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................................................VII
LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................................. VIII
ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................................. IX
CHAPTER 1................................................................................................................................................14
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................14
1.1. Introduction To The Project........................................................................................................1
1.2. Motivation...................................................................................................................................1
1.3. Problem Statement......................................................................................................................1
1.4. Proposed System.........................................................................................................................1
1.5. The Objective Of This Project....................................................................................................1
1.6. Feasibility Analysis.....................................................................................................................1
1.6.1. Economic Feasibility..........................................................................................................................1
1.6.2. Technical Feasibility...........................................................................................................................1
1.6.3. Operational Feasibility.......................................................................................................................1
1.7. Advantages..................................................................................................................................2
1.8. System Requirement...................................................................................................................2
1.8.1. Hardware Requirements.....................................................................................................................1
1.8.2. Software Requirements.......................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 2................................................................................................................................................21
LITERATURE REVIEW WITH IN-DEPTH INVESTIGATION...........................................................3
2.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................3
2.2. IOT And Home Automation System..........................................................................................3
2.3. Home Energy Management System............................................................................................3
2.4. Advantage Of Home Automation...............................................................................................3
2.5. Example Of Home Automation System In Real World..............................................................4
2.5.1. Brown Box.........................................................................................................................................1
2.5.2. The Retrofit........................................................................................................................................1
2.6. Arduino.......................................................................................................................................4
2.6.1. Why Using Arduino...........................................................................................................................1
2.7. NodeMCU...................................................................................................................................4
2.7.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................1
2.7.2. NodeMCU ESO8266 V3.0 Module....................................................................................................1
2.7.3. ESP8266 Arduino Core......................................................................................................................1
2.8. Relay Module..............................................................................................................................4
2.9. Wifi.............................................................................................................................................4
2.9.1. Wifi-Technology................................................................................................................................1
2.9.2. How Does It Work..............................................................................................................................1
2.9.3. It’s Important In-Home Automation System......................................................................................1
© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) iv
 2.10. Smartphone Application.............................................................................................................4
2.10.1. Blynk..................................................................................................................................................1
2.10.2. How It Works.....................................................................................................................................1
2.10.3. Features..............................................................................................................................................1
2.10.4. What Do I Need To Blaynk?..............................................................................................................1
2.11. Summary.....................................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 3..................................................................................................................................................5
PROJECT MANAGEMENT.....................................................................................................................5
3.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................5
3.2. S.W.O.T. Analysis of the Project................................................................................................5
3.3. Schedule Management................................................................................................................5
3.3.1. Secondary Objectives.........................................................................................................................1
3.4. Cost Analysis..............................................................................................................................5
3.5. P.E.S.T. Analysis........................................................................................................................5
3.6. Individual Accountabilities.........................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 4..................................................................................................................................................7
METHODOLOGY AND MODELING....................................................................................................7
4.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................7
4.2. Block Diagram............................................................................................................................7
4.3. Prototype.....................................................................................................................................7
4.4. Project Features...........................................................................................................................7
4.4.1. Main Door Controlling.......................................................................................................................7
4.4.2. Temperature Controlling....................................................................................................................7
4.4.3. Autumatic Light and Door Control.....................................................................................................7
4.4.4. Smoke and Gas Detector Alarm.........................................................................................................7
4.4.5. Intensity Controlled Light...................................................................................................................7
4.5. Working Of Prototype.................................................................................................................7
4.5.1. As a Smart Security System...............................................................................................................7
4.5.2. As a Smart Home Automatic sytem....................................................................................................7
4.6. Working procedure.....................................................................................................................7
4.7. Summary.....................................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 5..................................................................................................................................................7
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT........................................................................................................7
5.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................7
5.2. Selected Componenets................................................................................................................7
5.2.1. ESP 8266 NodeMCU..........................................................................................................................7
5.2.2. Arduino MEGA..................................................................................................................................7
5.2.3. Ultrasonic Sensor................................................................................................................................7
5.2.4. LM355 Temperature Sensor...............................................................................................................7
5.2.5. Light Dependent Resistor...................................................................................................................7
5.2.6. Servo Motor........................................................................................................................................7
5.2.7. A5-220V Relay...................................................................................................................................7

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) v

 5.2.8. MQ2 Gas Sensor.................................................................................................................................7
5.2.9. Digital Buzzer Module MOD-00055..................................................................................................7
5.2.10. SDS3231 Real Time Clock Module...................................................................................................7
5.2.11. Blynk Apps.........................................................................................................................................7
5.3. Schematic Diagram Of implementation......................................................................................7
5.4. Hardware Implementation...........................................................................................................7
5.4.1. Automatic Door Implementation........................................................................................................7
5.4.2. SImplementation Of Remote Controll Door.......................................................................................7
5.4.3. Implementation Of LDR.....................................................................................................................7
5.4.4. Sensor Implementation.......................................................................................................................7
5.4.5. Implementation Of Codes Used In NodeMCU...................................................................................7
5.4.6. Implementation Of Code In Arduino..................................................................................................7
5.5. Summary.....................................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 6..................................................................................................................................................9
RESULTS ANALYSIS & CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW.....................................................................9
6.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................9
6.2. Simulation Discription...................................................................................................................9
6.2.1. Simulation Tracking...........................................................................................................................9
6.3. Data Finding................................................................................................................................9
6.3.1. LDR....................................................................................................................................................7
6.3.2. Ultrasonic Sensor................................................................................................................................7
6.3.3. Reley Data..........................................................................................................................................7
6.3.4. Serve Motor........................................................................................................................................7
6.3.5. Temperature Sensor............................................................................................................................7
6.3.6. MQ2 Smoke Sensor............................................................................................................................7
6.4. Result Analysis...........................................................................................................................9
6.5. Observation.................................................................................................................................9
6.6. Summary.....................................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 7................................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................10
7.1. Summary of Findings................................................................................................................10
7.2. Project Finance..........................................................................................................................10
7.3. Novelty of the work..................................................................................................................10
7.4. Final Impact of This Project......................................................................................................10
7.4.1. The Smart Home Revolution............................................................................................................10
7.4.2. Project Sustainability and Future Scopes..........................................................................................10
7.5. Limitations of the Work............................................................................................................11
7.6. Ethical concerns........................................................................................................................11
7.7. Conclusion................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................12
APPENDIX A.............................................................................................................................................13
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE.........................................................................................................................13
© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) vi
APPENDIX B..............................................................................................................................................14
ITHENTICATE PLAGIARISM REPORT.........................................................................................................14

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) vii

 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 8.1 LOGO OF AIUB [1]..........................................................................................................16

FIGURE 8.2 EXAMPLE OF AN IMAGE WITH ACCEPTABLE RESOLUTION (LEFT ONE) AND
UNACCEPTABLE RESOLUTION (RIGHT ONE)...........................................................................16

FIGURE 8.3 AN EXAMPLE OF GRAPH THAT USES COLOR WHICH CAN BE EASILY
DISTINGUISHED EVEN IN BLACK AND WHITE PRINT; THE GRAPHS ARE PROPERLY
LABELED ALSO................................................................................................................................17

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) viii

 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 8.1 A SUMMARY OF RULES FOR TEXT EDITING PRESENTED WITH EXAMPLE...14

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) ix

 ABSTRACT

In the abstract, you should present what you have done or developed or discovered or investigated in their
work. You will say briefly the results of the investigation or experiment, whether the results are consistent
with the predicted values and existing publications. You will mention your initial targets and whether you
have achieved it or not.
The ‘Abstract’ is significantly important as a reader will try to get an idea about the work by reading it. In
the abstract the novelty of the work or the contribution of the authors should be highlighted. The objective
of the work shall not be presented in the abstract. No introduction should be presented in the abstract.

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) x

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to the Project

21st century is the age of smart technology. It has been said that the modern life is impossible
without energy, but that statement has changed. Today we conclude that the daily life is
unthinkable without internet. Current technology with automated and smart systems has
advanced to a different level. There's no need to incorporate technological innovation in modern
times. The transition, as we know, has gone a long way and has almost reached its peak in
modernization. Nowadays creativity has become a synchronized part of people's lives. It has and
continues to influence many aspects of daily life and has enabled better social interaction,
convenience of transportation, the ability to enjoy excitement and news, and has helped advance
pharmaceutical advances. Smartphone is one of modern-day's most important phones. In modern
age, the internet is an important element too.

Combining Smartphone and Internet is the key to accessing the automated device world.
Therefore, home automation with the help of these two and microcontrollers became possible.
When we look back a couple of years, people used washing machine, water heaters, hair dryer
etc. for household chores. Such computers are used on a daily basis for household chores, not in
every Bangladesh household but in western countries. Such systems can be thought of as the start
of home automation. Now we can use Android phones to power television, lamp, refrigerator for
fans etc. This venture is about a device and security system for home automation, which is
simple and cheap.

As indicated by the latest survey of Counterpoint Technology Market Research (Dhaka Tribune),
the number of smartphone customers in Bangladesh increased 3.1 million to 8.2 million in 2015.
Study shows that 75 per cent of Android's market share was delivered in the second half of 2012
and a total of 116 million Android smartphones. Android smartphone has become the top
operating system on the market today in the world and has become the most common operating
system for men. That makes the Android phone the most important element in the life of today.

With the aid of this little gadget, home automation became possible. Remote correspondence's
rapid development encouraged us to use cell phones to operate a home computer remotely.
Besides apartments, there are restaurants where food is served in Bangladesh with the help of the
robot. Android-controlled home systems are not popular in Bangladesh, but are available to some
degree in some offices

The rapid development of Remote correspondence encouraged us to use cell phones to remotely
operate a home computer. There is no clear description of the systems embedded. Embedded
© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)
11
systems can be called computer-controlled machines. By offering better equipment and better
software, cell phones have proven to be capable devices and have become an indispensable piece
of everyday life for individuals. First of all, wireless software with proxy server, because home
computing exists for three ages. Example: automatic Zigbee next. Electrical devices are
controlled by artificial intelligence. E.g., Amazon Echo. The latest technology is human-
interactive robot. Example: Rovio robot, Roomba, etc. In Bangladesh, we have good and cheap
wireless networking facilities, and are still expanding. The 2nd and 3rd generations of above are
not eligible in Bangladesh. It doesn't mean that we won't want to. The government and some
organizations are trying to develop our country in high-tech conditions. High technology isn't
bound in a couple of apps now. Automatic system is the thing which takes high technology to
next level. This is why demand is increasing for automatic electronic devices. Home automation
is necessary to accomplish that.

Figure: 1.1 A home automation system.

1.2 Motivation

Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg developed a voice-controlled Artificial Intelligence (AI)

assistant for his home in 2016. The inspiration came from the film called "Jarvis" character from
Iron-Man. He described it as a virtual butler capable of speaking, playing music, monitoring
lights and toasters. It could also say who is at the door. This plan has practically made a film
character come true.
© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)
12
His excellent work inspired us to carry out the campaign on home automation. There are many
smart home appliances, such as underground fridge, smart wardrobe, etc. used in a few Western
luxury homes. We assume that there is going to be a day when practically all houses will be a
smart home. This plan represents a small step towards achieving that objective.[1]

Nearly every house has smart phones, smart TV, smart watch, smart refrigerator, smart washing
machine, smart garage that ultimately leads to a smart home. It is obvious from there that almost
every house will one day be a smart house with automatic control system.

1.3 Problem Statement

Convenience and ease of use of home appliances is what home automation provides. Home
automation offers a modern way of life in which a person can monitor his entire house using a
smartphone from switching on TV to locking / unlocking doors. It also offers power use and
reliability.

Yet having or obtaining such an installed system would cost a lot of money and that's the main
reason why home automation hasn't received a lot of demand and interest, adding to that the
difficulty of installing and configuring it. Thus, if this is granted to people, making it cost-
effective and easy to configure will be willing to buy it in their homes, workplaces and schools.
In other words, to lower the price of applying it to houses, a system modification for home
automation is required. Home automation also makes it easy for people with disabilities or the
elderly in their home by just one click to do what they want

1.4 Proposed System

This wireless system based on Arduino includes controlling home appliances such as light, fan,
air conditioner, TV, show date, time, dust sensor, room temperature, smoke and motion detector,
and security system for fingerprint sensors. This project proposes remote control of indoor and
outdoor home appliances with home security.[2] The plan is made up of:

1. Controlling of appliances like light, table fan, TV, air conditioner, curtains etc. will be
controlled with Android phone through Bluetooth communication using Wi-Fi module. This is
used inside the house only.

2.Wifi base controlling is used for home controlling.

3.The system will show date, day, time and temperature. For this we have chosen DS1307 RTC
module. LM35 will show the temperature. All of them will be displayed in LCD 16 x 2 displays
too.

4. Gas sensor MQ-2 will sense risky gas and smoke.

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)
13
5. The movement of the curtains will depend on the requirement of light which is measured with
Light Dependent Resistor (LDR).

6. Through nodeMCU we will control the above appliances from a distance via text messages.
This will ensure safety inside the house with the help of PIR sensor.

7. The fingerprint recognition module is for automatic door locking and unlocking system.

8. A security camera module is used for observing security system.

9.Automatic and remote-control door for security system

10. Finally all appliances are controlled by Voice Application and Android Application through
Android mobile phone.

Figure: 1.2 An example of home automation system.

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)

14
1.5 The objective of this project

The main purpose of this project is to control the home from anywhere we want and
observe the security system. This project also used for upgrading the home automation
system.

 To remotely control home appliances and monitor them.

 To save time and utilize the energy efficiently.

 To observe the security system with camera module.

 To design and implement cost effective home automation system

 To design a user friendly and safe home automation system

1.6 Feasibility Analysis

This project can be implemented using affordable electronic and software technology
making it economically, technically and operationally feasible.[3]

1.6.1 Economic Feasibility

This project is based on android-based phone and electronic components such as

microcontroller Arduino, relay switches camera module etc. Which are affordable and
make the implementation economically feasible.

1.6.2 Technical Feasibility

This project is based on wireless technology and an embedded device that is rational in
step with the currently used technology.

1.6.3 Operational Feasibility

This software will have a user-friendly interface that is very easy to use, so that anyone
will be pretty much operable bye. It might also be helpful for person with physical
disabilities. Control of the home appliance by clicking a button. So, it is feasible
operationally.

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)

15
1.7 Advantages

Home automation has become important nowadays in order to boost lifestyle. Home automation
provides a modern lifestyle in which a person can use a smartphone to control the entire
building, from turning on a TV to locking or unlocking doors. It also delivers power efficiency.
The automation system also allows us to monitor home appliances and keep an eye on the
property from a distance. It's perfect for those grandparents that usually stay at home alone. Also
it is very convenient for the person to take care of the home and to tell quickly if there are any
issues in the building. In Bangladesh, heart disease such as asthma or stroke caused by air
pollution kills 37,000, according to the World Health Organization. Many respiratory diseases
caused by excessive dust eventually lead to infection. Our nation is in the 3rd position in the
Southeast Asian Regional Office (SEARO) area of the WHO, which is responsible for air
pollution in 11 Asian countries. A dust level detector is therefore a must in every Bangladesh
home.

1.8 System Requirement

1.8.1 Hardware Requirements

1. NodeMCU is required as Arduino base microcontroller.

2. NodeMCU ESP8266 V3.0 Module is used for this project

3. Relay to connect electrical appliances to controller of Arduino.

4. Wi-Fi is connected to Arduino to the internet/LAN.

5. Android phone with minimum android version 4.2 jellybean to run home
automation system.

1.8.2 software Requirements

1. Arduino IDE

IDE for programming use to code the server and device program.

2. Blynk

IDE for programming use to code the server-side program.

3. IFTT

IFTT is used for voice control over google assistant.

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)
16
 4. Google Assistant

To give voice to the sever to activate option.

Chapter 2

LITERATURE REVIEW WITH IN-DEPTH INVESTIGATION

2.

3.1. Introduction

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)

17
 Living in the Internet era, today life has become cleverer and more convenient for us. The
internet has brought to the human being unimaginable and incredible options that bind us to
the concept of automated smart device construction. The idea of the automated smart
machine originated from the rapid spread of the Internet, which can minimize both the
danger in any machine and the involvement of humans. Worldwide work is progressing to
efficiently absorb the power of an electrical system or computer, so that it can manually
minimize the waste produced by human involvement. The output of such energy
management system will lead us to the correct goal of automation system, which can be
used continuously with protection without human involvement. The Internet of Things (IoT)
program has a large area for study and/or study. The home automation network is one of the
most talkative, exciting and IoT research sectors worldwide. This home automation program
has already had a huge effect in our technology market, which is now trying to reduce the
principle of total power wastage reduction. Many research papers and some IEEE and online
published projects share a large and significant idea of how we can save our energy system
on these matters. Such ideas and their work have helped us think broader about the dream of
our study. This is how the mission and aims for this research paper is aimed at working on.
Such principles of papers and articles visualized the specifics of IoT, its applications and a
wide field of study, home automation, home appliances, home energy management system,
smart meters, smart appliance scheduling. Both of these principles are useful for concluding
this research paper and making a decision on the overall energy saving management project.

3.2. IoT and Home Automation System

Since the IoT has a vast chamber to discuss on mentioned earlier, it was briefly represented
in a moderate way in several research papers to display the principle thereof. The
advantages of home automation were discussed there, such as: -reduced installation costs,
system stability, easy extension, esthetic advantages, mobile device integration. There needs
to be home automation appliances such as light and devices, webcam surveillance, magnetic
doors and so on. Researcher S Bharat et al., published on International Journal at Computer
Technology and Research (IJCTR) in 2016, addressed some of the hardware and software-
based applications and components such as RFID, Wireless Sensor Network in a journal

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)

18
 featuring a comprehensive home automation system with short and simple view writing
called 'IoT-Home Automation'[4].

Figure: 2.1 A Home Automation System

Smart IoT Based Home is an automation system designed using IT and control system to
eliminate human labor which is home, housework or nuclear family action computerization.
This is also known as domotics, and as an intelligent home with an automation system.[7]
Home automation may join a lighting control unit, HVAC (warming, ventilation and
flowing air through and cooling), machines, and various structures to provide up-to-date
settlement, comfort, improved critical savings, productivity and protection. Home
Automation has been around for quite a while and products have been available for a crucial
number of years, no one's game-plan has yet met the mark in any case. Early home
automation systems were used in labor-saving equipment but now its main objective is to
provide facilities for the elderly and disabled to carry out their regular routine activities and
to remotely control home appliances[5]. In the same way, it can send a remote interface to
home mechanical congregations or the automation system itself via the telephone line,
remote transmission or the internet, to monitor a propelled cell or a network traveler
program using techniques.

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)

19
 Figure :2.2 An Automation System

The proposed approach provides a reliable, low cost and user-friendly home automation
system using NodeMCU with Wi-Fi technology to design and implement. The architecture
of the proposed system is based on the board, relay module, sensors, surveillance camera,
and Smartphone application based on Arduino NodeMCU ESP8266.

Figure: 2.3 IoT based Automation Using Node MCU

NodeMCU ESP8266 is interfaced with the Arduino board, and the relay links home
appliances to the Arduino board. The Smartphone app is used for serial communication
between Smartphone and NodeMCU, which is further linked to the Arduino board. This
not only has the ability to control the equipment remotely but it also controls the sensors.

Most modern home automation systems nowadays are designed for elderly, handicapped
people who often track children at home through surveillance cameras or for some
special reason. With the support of a cloud-connected Mobile application, this device can
also be managed from outside from home, office or anywhere in the world.

© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)

20
 Figure :2.4 Home Automation Using NodeMCU

Thus, the entire device can be run with the Smartphone through the cloud as well as from within
the home. The cloud for the voice-controlled automation system is also linked to Google
Assistant. The cloud for the voice-automation system is also linked to Google Assistant.

Figure : 2.5 Voice Controlled Automation System

1.1.Home Energy Management System

To get the outcome of IoT's more effective use, we do need to think about the IoT
management framework that is present in our home and buildings. To get a better
performance as a result, these systems need to be power efficient and user friendly.
Scientists and students are proposing multiple systems on a regular basis but all the
systems are in further experiment for full power loss reduction. Junyon Kim's "HEMS-
© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)
21
 Home Energy Management System" paper visualized in front of us a general automated
smart home picture listing the basic components for home automation system [6].
Components such as LED, CCTV, speakers, IR sensors, ultrasonic sensors, smart
phones and devices for networking between and outside the home have been used here
to give a proper idea of a management system for home automation. We were looking
for the most effective concept on our thesis paper to reduce waste in energy
management. Ravi Kodali et al. created a user-friendly, microcontroller-operated smart
home automation system and described it in their conference paper "IoT Based Smart
Security and Home Automation System," presented at the International Conference on
Computing, Communication and Automation [7]. Home energy management system
design is very important first to initialize and get better project output but more detailed
and conditional output data is required. For example, if we turn on a computer or
system at peak hour, there will be increased electricity consumption and additional
electric bill. This paper suggested an automation system such as automatic on / off
switching with the movement of people in the house, manual customer activity after
reading the peak hour rates etc. A brief on this paper based the project aim of reducing
the energy loss with more effective automated applications. It broadened the job
requirements to job on energy-saving automation.[8]

3.3. Advantages of Home Automation System

Different home increased automation systems (without the use of conventional exchange
techniques) will overwhelm the wastefulness of the operation of ordinary divider switches.

The loss of strength can be that, and the work needed for home mechanization compares less
with ordinary techniques.

The IoT, IR, RF, android application, Arduino, Bluetooth, DTMF, and so on., based on
home automation frameworks can be increasingly productive, gives simplicity of activity.

Gives wellness from short circuits of electrical power by making daily adjustments to
workloads from the divider.

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 Home security system with mechanized locking and monitoring cameras at the entrance
facilitates greater protection.

By using a home automatization system, we can spare a substantial amount of time working
home machines from anywhere.

3.4. Examples of Home Automation System in Real World

3.4.1. Brown Box

This house, restored in 2008 on an old establishment in a 1960's, is a nice place for the
eyes, all around. This building, which is just a 10-minute walk from the city center, is
home to a different family, the owner was unhappy with the first KNX establishment, and
in 2011 everything in the building was renovated and replaced with the best in class
innovation Loxone brought to the table.

NAME: The Brown Box

LOCATION: Rohrbach, Austria
BUILT: 2008
SIZE: 240m²

Figure: 2.6 Brown box Automation System

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 1.1.1. The Retrofit

In 2007, the Raab family bought a home in Lexington, Kentucky, directly at the core of
Bluegrass. In 2013, the proprietor chose improvements that need to be made, improvements
that would allow him to turn into a smart home over his house. The retrofitted Loxone is an
establishment based on achieving an attractive home status that will allow the Raab family
to enjoy superior comfort and convenience.

Figure: 2.7 Retrofit Home Automation System

3.5. Arduino

Arduino is an open source physical processor system on a microcontroller board and an

integrated machine programming development environment. Arduino receives a few inputs,
switches or sensors for example, and controls a few different outputs, such as lights, motors, and
others. Arduino software can run Windows, Macintosh, and Linux operating systems (OS) in
contrast to the implementations of most microcontrollers, which operate only on Windows.
Arduino programming is simple to understand and implement.

Arduino is a tool to build a better computer model which can monitor, talk and sound more than
a typical desktop computer. It is a physical open-source processing level, based on a simple
board of microcontrollers and the board's writing programs environment.

It can be used to create interactive objects, take inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and
monitor a variety of lights, motors, and other physical exits. Arduino habits can remain alone or
link to programs running on your device (e.g. Flash, Processing, and Maxmsp).

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The panel can be picked by hand or pre-assembled; the open-source IDE is free to download.
The Arduino programming language focuses on the computer programming framework, and is
an extension of Wiring, a comparative example for physical computing.

3.5.1. Why using Arduino

For physical computing there are several different microcontrollers and microcontroller
platforms. Parallax Basic Mark, BX-24 are comparatively useful from MIT's Net media,
Phidgets, Handy board, and many more. These tools capture and package the complex, subtle
elements in a simple set of programming microcontrollers.
In addition, Arduino rearranges the working technique for microcontrollers; it also provides
many advantages for teachers, students and interested individuals:

• Inexpensive-
Arduino boards are relatively cheap compared to other microcontroller boards.
The cheapest model of the Arduino board could be picked by hand, and even the pre-
assembled Arduino kits cost less than $50.

• Cross-platform programming-

Arduino runs Windows, Mac OSX and Linux multiple operating systems. So we
conclude that Arduino's benefits are mostly limited to frameworks for Windows
microcontroller.

• Simple programming system–

Arduino's programming environment is simple to use for novices but also versatile
enough for state-of - the-art adventure clients. To teachers, their favorably engaged in
Processing's programming environment, sounder studies may familiarize themselves with
Arduino's design, seeking ways to understand how to code in that context.

•Extensible open source and technology-

Arduino's programming language is available as an open source for use by experienced

engineers. C++ libraries can access the lingo, and people who expect to understand the
specific purposes of different interests can make the leap from Arduino to AVR C-based
programming language.

 • Open source and extensible hardware-

Arduino is based on Atmel's microcontrollers Atmega8and Atmega168. The designs for

the modules are distributed under a Creative Commons license and professional circuit
designers can create, expand and develop their own particular interpretation of the module.
Slightly inexperienced clients can create a variation in the breadboard module.
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1.1.NodeMCU

3.5.2. Introduction

NodeMCU v3 is an enhancement board that runs with the Espressif Non-OS SDK on the
ESP8266, and equipment depends on the ESP-12 module. The gadget features 4 MB of
blaze memory, 80MHz of frame clock, around 50k of usable RAM and a Wifi
Transceiver on chip.

3.5.3. NodeMCU ESP8266 V3.0 Module

NodeMCU is an open source IoT framework and is also a microcontroller based on

an Arduino. It joins firmware running on Espressif Systems 'ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC,
and equipment depending on the ESP-12 board. According to normal procedure the
articulation "NodeMCU" implies the firmware rather than the packs for
improvement. The software uses the language for Lua scripting.

Figure: 2.8 NodeMCU ESP8266 V3.0

3.5.4. ESP8266 Arduino Core

When Arduino.cc started to become new MCU sheets subject to non-AVR

processors such as the ARM / SAM MCU and used in the Arduino Due, it was
planned that the Arduino IDE should be updated such that it would be modestly
easy to modify the IDE to help exchange toolchains to gather Arduino C / C++ for
such new processors. They achieved so with the creation of the SAM Center and the
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 Board Chairman. A "middle" is the variety of programming parts that the Board
Manager and the Arduino IDE need to orchestrate an Arduino C / C++ source
record for the machine language of the target MCU. Some enthusiasts of the
ESP8266 created an Arduino place for the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC, commonly called
the "ESP8266 Core for the Arduino IDE" It has been a simple programming
headway arrangement for the various modules and enhancement sheets based on
ESP8266 like NodeMCUs.

3.6. Relay Module

A transfer is an electrically driven switch that can be turned on or off, releasing the flow
or not, and can be regulated with low voltages, close to the Arduino pins '5V. There are
two channels to this upload module (those blue 3D squares). There are various versions
available with one, four, and eight channels. This module can be operated with 5V,
which is ideal for use with an Arduino. Other transmission modules are operated using
3.3V which is ideal for ESP32, ESP8266 and various microcontrollers.

Figure : 2.9 Relay Module

3.7. Wi-Fi
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 3.7.1. Wi-Fi Technology

Wi-Fi is an invention that uses electromagnetic waves to make network arrangements.

An association is set up using a remote connector to render hotspots — regions within
the area of a remote switch that are connected to the network and allow customers to
access internet providers.

Recently, Wi-Fi innovation has spread widely and you can go anywhere; at home, at
work, in libraries, schools, air terminals, hotels, and even in some restaurants.

Wi-Fi network administration is referred to as Wi-Fi or 802.11 device management, as it

includes developments in IEEE 802.11. Wi-Fi's significant preferred position is that with
pretty much any working system, game device, it is great.

Figure : 2.10 Wi-fi Technology

1.1.1. How does it Work

A Wi-Fi network, like cellular phones, uses radio waves to relay data over a cable.
The PC will include a remote connector to allow a radio sign interpretation of the

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 information sent. This identical sign will be transmitted to a decoder known as the
switch by means of a reception apparatus. When decoded, the information is sent
over a wired Ethernet connection to the Internet. When the wi-fi network fills in as a
two-way communication, the web-based information must also pass through the
switch to be converted into a radio sign that the remote connector of the PC must
receive.

A wi-fi network can transmit the information sent by the client at a recurrence
frequency of 2,4 GHz or 5GHz to conform to the measure of the information.

The 802.11b will relay information at a 2.4GHz recurrence frequency which is a

reasonable speed. For each second you can move on a limit of 11 megabits of
information.

However, for every second, the 802.11 g will transmit information at 2.4GHz can
transmit a limit of 54 megabits of information as it also uses an OFDM coding.

The further established 802.11n will transmit for each second a maximum of 140
megabits of information and uses a 5GHz recurrence frequency.

3.7.2. Its Importance in Home Automation System

Wi-Fi has been one of the key technologies for home automation or Smart Living
systems. It is a remote technology that has been developed to replace wired devices
with wireless devices that connect gadgets such as mobile phones and PCs (laptops /
desktops).

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 Figure : 2.11 Wifi Controlled Home Automation

1.1.Smartphone Application

3.7.3. Blynk

The most popular IoT platform to connect your devices to the cloud, design apps to
control them, analyze telemetry data, and manage your deployed products at scale.

Figure : 2.12 Blynk Logo

3.7.4. How it Works

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 Blynk was meant for the Internet of Things. It can remotely control devices, it can view
sensor information, it can store information, visualize it, and do many other cool things.

There are three significant segments in the stage: Blynk App-allows you to build
awesome interfaces for the gadgets we offer to your projects.

Blynk Server-answerable for each of the mobile phone and equipment interchanges. You
can use our Blynk Cloud, or run your Blynk private server locally. It's open-source, could
handle a large range of devices without much of a stretch and can even be propelled on a
Raspberry Pi.

Blynk Libraries— with all the well-known phases of the equipment— motivate server
communication and process all the directions coming and going.

3.7.5. Features

 Comparable API and UI for all bolstered equipment and gadgets

 Association with the cloud utilizing:

 Wi-Fi

 Bluetooth and BLE

 Ethernet

 USB (Serial)

 GSM

 Set of simple to-utilize Widgets

 Direct pin control with no code composing

 Simple to incorporate and include new usefulness utilizing virtual pins

 History information checking by means of Super Chart gadget

 Gadget to-Device correspondence utilizing Bridge Widget

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  Sending messages, tweets, pop-up messages, and so forth.

3.7.6. What do I need to Blynk?

1.Hardware:

An Arduino, Raspberry Pi or a Module for Comparative Improvement.

Blynk operates over the Internet. This means that the equipment you are selecting will
have the option of associating with the internet. Some of the boards, as Arduino Uno
would need to convey an Ethernet or Wi-Fi Shield, are now Internet-enabled: like the
ESP8266, Raspberry Pi with Wi-Fi dongle, Particle Photon or Spark Fun Blynk Board.

And, no matter if you don't have a shield, you can interface it to your workstation or work
area through USB (it's more embroidered for novices, and we've secured you). What's
great, is that the equipment rundown that works with Blynk is fantastic and will continue
to grow.

2. A Smartphone:

The Blynk App is a very much planned interface developer. It works both in iOS and
Android.

Figure: 2.13 Blynk using Smartphone OS

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 3.8. Summary

Upon reading all of these and a few more articles and reviews, the definition of home
automation system on IoT, its energy management system and some alternative method
of automation to efficiently consume power are largely clarified. To set up a little
project and paper for this study, those are very necessary to extend and repair vision in
our research.

So, the review of these papers and journals is also pointing to the paper's future works.
A review of these articles and parameters in line with our project report is as follows: -

Topic Paper Details Referen

ce No.
Home Bharath,S., Pasha, M.Y., &Deepth, J.(2017, April).
Automation IoTHome Automation. International Journal of Computer 4
and IoT Technology and Research, 5, 4-6.
Home Li, B., & Yu, J. (2011). Research and application on the
Automation smart home based on component technologies and Internet 5
and IoT of Things. Procedia Engineering, 15, 2087-2092.
Home Kim, J. (2016). HEMS (home energy management system)
Energy base on the IoT smart home. Contemporary Engineering 6
Management Sciences, 9(1), 21- 28.
System
Home Kodali, R. K., Jain, V., Bose, S., &Boppana, L. (2016,
Energy April). IoT based smart security and home automation
Management system. In 2016 international conference on computing,
7
System communication and automation (ICCCA) (pp. 1286-1289).
IEEE.
Power Haque, K. F., Saqib, N., & Rahman, M. S. (2019, March).
consumption An Optimized Stand-alone Green Hybrid Grid System for
System of an Offshore Island, Saint Martin, Bangladesh. In 2019
8
our country International Conference on Energy and Power
Engineering (ICEPE) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.2019.

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 Chapter 3

PROJECT MANAGEMENT
3.1 Introduction

Project management is the process of initiating, preparing, conducting, managing and

closing a team's work at the stated time to accomplish specific goals and meet certain
performance criteria.[9]

Home Automation System (HAS) gains

popularity due to communication technology advancement.
Home Automation System (HAS) gains
popularity due to communication technology advancement.
Home Automation System (HAS) gains
popularity due to communication technology advancement.
Home Automation System (HAS) gains
popularity due to communication technology advancement.

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 Home Automation System gains popularity due to communication technology advancement.
Smart home is one of the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies which facilitates Internet
control of home appliances using automation system which reduces human efforts and make
life easier. Our Project proposes a low-cost Smart Home (SH) Wi-Fi based automation
system for remotely monitoring and controlling home appliances using Android based
framework.

This chapter illustrates the strategy and supervision that was performed to accomplish the
project's objectives on the right time. This chapter also addresses the amount of time
required to complete the activities for the project in each stage. Last but not least, this
chapter measures the cost of the project.

3.2 S.W.O.T. Analysis of the Project

SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, and so a SWOT
Analysis is a technique for assessing these four parts for the better success of the project.
Strengths are the integral part of any project and it also means uniqueness and novelty of the
project.
Strengths
Strengths are the integral part of any project and it also means uniqueness and novelty of the
project.
The Strengths of our project

 Cost effective
Our project is very cost effective than the other Home automation device like
Alexa, Google Home, Amazon etc.

 Ease of use
One should use this system like a non-professional citizen would do it in a
definite extension and configure the device without a control screen as well.

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 Nevertheless, owing to the ingenuity of the method, even an unquestionable shape
can be seen from a theoretical viewpoint as a practical possibility.

 Energy Efficient
It saves energy automatically by turning off lights and other electronic devices
with the help of sensors (i.e. LDR, Ultrasonic Sensors), remotely by Smartphone
with an internet connection or through Google Assistant. Most of our lighting is
LED-based and energy-efficient after automation.

 Safety Sensors
An anti-theft room is designed with a ultrasonic sensor. If something moves it will
activate the alarm. Gas and Temperature sensors are used for incidents like fire to
trigger the alarm.

Weaknesses
Weaknesses, like strengths, are inherent features of a project, so focus should be on people,
resources, systems, and procedures. By thinking of improving by sorting out practices which
should avoided can be the key to overcoming the weaknesses.

Weaknesses of our Project

 Security
The protection given is not adequate, because the whole network communicates
via internet. Therefore, the device can be compromised because we didn't use any
authentication protocol online in it.

 Massive investment
If not hundreds of thousands of dollars a home automation would cost enormous.
Household automation with very few managed devices, a single-family home
management scheme might easily surpass 850,000 Tk. No one chooses to spend
too much cash especially on devices, sensors or smart home components.
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 Opportunities are the openings or chances for something positive to happen which
emerge from circumstances outside your project, and require an eye to what may occur in
future. They may emerge as improvements in the market you serve, or in the innovation
you use.

Opportunities of our project

 AI based IoT Smart Home

If we could Add Artificial Intelligence to it However, the future will be made of
something much greater. Around the corner are automated homes run by AI.
Devices can 'learn' from your behavioral experiences through IoT, which offer
practical insights. We will readjust the settings automatically depending on your
preferences, behaviors and routines.

 Good investment chances in future

In the field of electronics Smart home technology has been a game-changer.
Around the globe there are an estimated 7 billion connected IoT devices, not
counting smart phones, tablets and laptops. The IoT industry's continued growth
will be a disruptive factor in all organizations. The IoT industry is on track to rise
to over $3 trillion a year by 2026 by combining more of our everyday electronics
with internet access.[10]
So, there is a great investment opportunity in future for our project.

Threats
 Data Challenges
When there is no internet connection the entire network would be down, because
there is no Wi-Fi backup router attached to the computer for home automation.

 Make people lazy

This would make active people lazier because it is remote-controllable.

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 Opportunities
An approximate 80% of IoT systems are vulnerable to a large number of threats.
Certainly, linking electronic devices such as lamps, appliances and locks typically 'stand-
alone' poses various cyber security risks. Also wired baby cameras are prone to remote
intrusions. Specific threats to cyber security and assaults on smart home systems include:
 Data and identity theft
 Device hijacking
 Permanent Denial of Service (PDoS)
Those Threats can be overcoming by Secure boot, Mutual authentication, Secure
communication and security monitoring.

3.3 Schedule Management

Schedule management is the method of designing, managing and sharing time and resource
plans.

Outputs are generated at the project stage and this is where the most comprehensive
planning will take place. The approach to scheduling would rely on the complexity of the
project in relation to the threefold time, expense and scope constraints. After the scope
management has defined the work needed, a comprehensive plan will be developed to
demonstrate how the work should be carried out.

Various methods on the platform can be used to determine the start and finish dates of all
component activities.[11] Here we used the Grant Chart to show our timeline.

3.3.1 Grant Chart

The Gantt chart provides a schematic representation of the activities that are assigned
over time. Gantt charts are used for organizing events of all types and are a helpful way
to demonstrate what work is planned to be completed on a given day. They also let you
show the project start and end dates in one clear view.

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 Date
Sept Oct Oct Oct Nov Dec Dec Dec Jan Feb Mar Mar April Apr May
19-30 1-12 13 14-30 1-31 1-16 17-23 24-31 1-15 15- 1-15 15-
31 30
Tasks
Topic Selection,
Addressing Problem
& Researching
Solutions
Proposal
Submission
Background Study
& Survey
Readjustment of
selected solution
based on survey
results
Thesis Book writing
Initial Design
Review(Simulation)

& Testing (initial)

Online Progress
Report and
Chapter 1 & 2
Submission
Deadline
&
Progress defense

Equipment
Collection&
Implement Design
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 Testing, Results
Analysis &
System upgrade (if
necessary)
Project Book
Completion.
Book Submission to
External & Receive
Feedback from
External
Online Submission
of FINAL Book,
Poster & Summary

Final Defense

Table 3.1: Grant Chart

3.4Cost Analysis

In economics, the Cost Analysis refers to the calculation of the cost – production
relationship, i.e. economists are concerned with assessing the expense of employing inputs
and how efficiently they can be re-arranged to maximize the firm's efficiency.

In other words, the cost analysis is concerned with calculating the amount of money of
products (labor, raw material), called the overall cost of production, which helps to
determine the optimal level of output.

Here is Cost Equipment list of our project:

Equipment Name Quantity Expected Cost (BDT) Buying Cost (BDT)

Breadboard 1 150 140

NodeMCU 1 415 480

Arduino Uno 1 380 315

CB (220v/15A) 1 300 240

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 Switchboard 1 200 150

Relay Module 1 200 220

Smoke Sensor 1 150 145

Ultrasonic Sensor 2 250 200

LDR Sensor 1 50 5

Servo motor 2 130 115

Buzzer 1 40 50

LM35 sensor 1 45 75

others 200 150

Total 2510 2285

Table 3.2: Equipment Costing List

Cost Analysis Equation:

The Cost Effect from the table can be expressed from the given equation

X =∑( Ec−Bc)× N

Here,

X = Cost Effect

Ec = Expected Cost

Bc = Buying cost

N = Number of Device Made/sell

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 If, N=1

Then X = ∑( Ec−Bc) × N

= ∑( 2510−2285)× 1

= 225tk

If, N=10then X=2250tk.

When X is positive the project is cost effective.

3.5P.E.S.T Analysis

A PEST analysis is a proactive management method that companies use to identify, analyze,
coordinate and monitor macroeconomic variables that will currently and in the future impact
their industries. The system discusses opportunities and challenges owing to political,
economic, social, and technical influences. Analytical outputs advise strategic planning
activities and lead towards market analysis.

Political Factors

Factors that may affect the organization may be socially or politically motivated.

Cases include: economic policy, political order or uncertainty, administration, corruption,

controlling business, international exchange policies, tax policy, export controls, labor /
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 environmental / copyright / consumer protection regulations, financing grants &
programs, etc.

Our project is only for the better improvement of human life. As there are no illegal
sensors or devices are not included in our project it has no political issues.[12]

Economical Factors

Economic aggregate factors that could affect your performance.

Examples include: economic trends, development levels, market expansion, seasonal

influences, foreign exchange rates, international trade, labor costs, disposable income for
customers, unemployment rates, income, inflation, interest rates, lending supply, tax
policy, raw material prices, etc.

 Economically feasible

This project is based on smart devices and is focused on few electronic

components i.e. NodeMCU, Arduino microprocessor, sensors, relay modules
which are affordable that allow the implementation economically feasible.

 Double digit growth capability

Increasing the introduction of smart speakers, home appliances, lighting control

systems, home healthcare products, smart furniture, smart kitchen and HVAC
control solutions drives the growth of the smart home industry.

The Global Home Automation market is expected to witness a double-digit

growth during period from 2015 to 2020. 

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 The smart home market is expected to reach USD 1514 billion by 2024, growing
from 2018 to 2024 at a CAGR of 12.02 per cent.

 Raw Material

Raw materials are available and with minimal cost.

Social Factors:

Social attitudes, habits and patterns that influence your company and target market.

Examples include: attitudes and common opinions about a variety of variables including
income, consumer care, imports, religion, cultural taboos, health, jobs, leisure, the
environment; population growth and demographics, immigration / emigration, family size /
structure, lifestyle patterns, etc.

 Targeted Consumers

Iot Based Smart Home is available for all but the most focused market with this
category with device is for the aged, caring for children and the disabled.

 A Better Tomorrow

Global warming is a challenge and we understand that having an impact as an

person is difficult, but as a growing group of smart home consumers, we have the
resources to make a difference together, no matter how small it is, and together
we will build a healthier world and ultimately a better tomorrow for ourselves,
future generations and the earth. Connecting and monitoring the home devices
from everywhere in the globe with just a tap of a button is very cool, but the
coolest thing is the potential to turn off unused lights and operate off-peak devices
to minimize power costs and make a positive difference to our climate.

 Affects

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 Often, smart home may influence the people who are involved, leaving the person
lazy and alienated from socialism. That disrupts the social environment.

Technological Factors

Technology that can change the way you produce, distribute and promote your services and
goods.

Technology and telecom networks, technology policy, customer access to technology,

competitive technology and growth, new innovations, robotics, research and innovation,
protection of intellectual property, technological opportunities, etc.

 Latest Technology

This is focused on wireless infrastructure and integrated devices that are relatively
in line with the technologies commonly used, which make this project much
desired by technology.

 AI for Future Improvements

When Artificial Intelligence is applied to it, there will be something much better
in the future. Automated homes operated by AI are around the corner. Apps can
'learn' about the personal experience through IoT, which provides realistic
perspectives. We will dynamically update the configuration to your likes, habits
and routines.

 Health Issue

Wi-Fi technology has radiation that is not dangerous, so it can't cause a health
hazard.

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3.6Individual Accountabilities

Name:Sayeduzzaman, MD. Name: Farabi MD. Sahbir

Work of Space Work of Space

By Almighty Allah's grace I have successfully By the grace of Almighty Allah, I did this
completed the project with my fellow members project with my team members. I helped our
of the group. First, to have a team work, I split leader write The Chapter of Literature Review.
the work between each member. I mainly did To complete my writing Chapter 4:
the hardware implementation and programming Methodology and Modeling, I designed an
in Arduino IDE. I had written Literature review AutoCAD prototype floor plan and few Block
and the newly added Project Management diagrams. I have also supported others in their
chapter. I have assisted other group members, work.
as Team leader, to achieve their goal such as
Simulation work. I also get the Help from our
respected supervisor external and my fellow
group members.

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 Name: Tonmoy , Al-Muhiminul Islam Name: Neloy, MD. Tanshed Arafat

Work of Space Work of Space

By Almighty Allah's grace I did this project By the grace of Almighty Allah, I completed
with members of my squad. During the start of the project successfully with my fellow
this project I helped them purchase the members of the group. It's all about the
equipment primarily to help them implement appreciation of team work and the commitment
hardware. Wrote the chapter Implementation of of all participants. We divide the work between
Hardware and Introduction. I also supported each other. I mainly did the hardware
other members with their work. installation and the analysis of the results. I
wrote the sixth chapter with data analysis
"RESULTS Review & CRITICAL DESIGN
REVIEW." We work hard to achieve our
objectives, and respect the commands of the
group leader.

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© Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 1