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    The Nano World Final... Acooonnnnnn

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    Harold Abut
    Nanotechnology involves engineering materials at the atomic and molecular scale. It began in 1959 when physicist Richard Feynman discussed manipulating atoms and molecules. Key tools for viewing nanomaterials like electron microscopes were also developed in the 1930s. While nanotechnology shows promise for applications in healthcare, energy, and more, it also raises concerns about environmental and health impacts that require further research and oversight.

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    The Nano World Final... Acooonnnnnn

    Uploaded by

    Harold Abut
    523 views17 pages
    Nanotechnology involves engineering materials at the atomic and molecular scale. It began in 1959 when physicist Richard Feynman discussed manipulating atoms and molecules. Key tools for viewing nanomaterials like electron microscopes were also developed in the 1930s. While nanotechnology shows promise for applications in healthcare, energy, and more, it also raises concerns about environmental and health impacts that require further research and oversight.

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    Nanotechnology involves engineering materials at the atomic and molecular scale. It began in 1959 when physicist Richard Feynman discussed manipulating atoms and molecules. Key tools for viewing nanomaterials like electron microscopes were also developed in the 1930s. While nanotechnology shows promise for applications in healthcare, energy, and more, it also raises concerns about environmental and health impacts that require further research and oversight.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    523 views17 pages

    The Nano World Final... Acooonnnnnn

    Uploaded by

    Harold Abut
    Nanotechnology involves engineering materials at the atomic and molecular scale. It began in 1959 when physicist Richard Feynman discussed manipulating atoms and molecules. Key tools for viewing nanomaterials like electron microscopes were also developed in the 1930s. While nanotechnology shows promise for applications in healthcare, energy, and more, it also raises concerns about environmental and health impacts that require further research and oversight.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    The Nano World

    The use of nanoscale is one important interdisciplinary


    area generated by advancement of science nd technology.
    Nanotechnology and nanoscience started in December
    29, 1959. Physicist Richard Feynman discussed a method in
    which scientists can direct and control individual atoms and
    molecules in his talk “Theres Plenty of Room at the
    Bottom.”
    The term “Nanotechnology” was coined by Professor Norio
    Taniguchi a decade after the dawn of the use of
    ultraprecision machining (NNI, 2017).
    How to View Nanomaterials
    Scientists use special types of microscopes to view
    minute nanomaterials. During the early 1930s, scientists
    used electron microscopes and field mirocscopes to look at
    the nanoscale.

    1. Electron Microscope
    German engineers Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll built the
    first electron microscope during the 1930s. This type of
    microscope utilizes a particle beam of electrons to light up
    specimen and develop a well-magnified image.
    2. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)
    It is developed Gerd Binig, Calvin Quate, and Christoph
    Gerber in 1986. It makes use of a mechanical probe that
    gathers information from the surface of a material.
    3. Scanning Tunneling Microscope
    This special type of microscope enables scientists to
    view and manipulate nanoscale particles, atoms, and small
    molecules. In 1986, Gerd Binig and HeinrichRohrer won the
    Nobel Prize in Physics because of this invention.
    Nanomanufacturing
    It refers to scaled-up, reliable, and cost-effective
    manufacturing of nanosclae materials, structures, devices,
    and systems. It also involves research, improvement, and
    incorporation of processes f the contruction of materials.
    There are two fundamental approaches to
    nanomanufacturing, either bottom-up or top-down (NNI,
    2017):

    1. Bottom-up Fabrication
    It manufactures products by building them up from
    atomic- and molecular-scale components. However, this
    method can be time-consuming.
    2. Top-down Fabrication
    It trims down large pieces of materials into nanoscale.
    This process needs larger amounts and discards excess raw-
    materials.

    There are new approaches to the assembly of


    nanomaterials based from the application of principles in
    top-down and bottom-up fabrication. These include:

    • Dip Pen Lithography


    It is a method in which the tip of an atomic force
    microscope is “dipped” into a chemical fluid and then
    utilized to “write” on a surface, like an old-fashioned ink pen
    onto paper
    • Self-Assembly
    It depicts an approach wherein a set of components
    join together to mold an organized structure in the absence
    of an outside direction.
    • Chemicl Vapor Deposition
    It is a procedure wherein chemicals act in response to
    form very pure, high-performance films.
    • Nanoimprint Lithography
    It is a method of generating nanoscale attributes by
    “stamping” or “printing” them onto surface.
    • Molecular Beam Epitaxy
    It is one manner for depositing extremely controlled
    thin films.
    • Roll-to-roll processing
    It is high-volume practice for constructing nanoscale
    devices on a roll of ultrathin plastic or metal.

    • Atomic Layer Epitaxy


    It is a means for laying down one-atom-thick layers on
    a surface.
    Distinct Features of Nanoscale
    1. Scale at which much biology occurs.
    Various activities of the cells take place at the
    nanoscale. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) serves as the
    genetic material of the cell and is only about 2 nanometers
    in diameter. Furthermore, the hemoglobin that transports
    oxygen to the tissues throughout the body is 5.5
    nanometers in diameter.
    2. Scale at which quantum effects dominate properties of
    materials.
    Particles with dimensions of 1-100 nanometers have
    properties that are significantly discrete from particles of
    bigger dimensions. Quantum effects direct the behavior and
    properties of particles in this size scale.

    3. Nanoscale materials have far larger surface areas


    than similar masses of larger-scale materials.
    As we increase the surface area per mass of a
    particular material, a greater amount of the materia
    lcomes in contact with another material comes in the
    contact with another material and can affect its reactivity.
    Government Funding for Nanotechnology in
    Different Countries (Dayrit, 2005)
    1. U.S National Nanotechnology Initiative
    2. European Commission
    3. Japan (Nanotechnology Research Institute, under the
    National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and
    Technology, AIST)
    4. Taiwan (Taiwan National Science and Technology
    Program for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology)
    5. India (Nanotechnology Research and Education
    Foundation)
    6. China (National Center for Nanoscience and Technology)
    7. Israel (Israel National Nanotechnology Initiative)
    8. Australia (Australian Office of Nanotechnology)
    9. Canada (National Institute for Nanotechnology or NINT)
    10. South Korea (Korea National Nanotechnology Initiative)
    11. Thailand (National Nanotechnology Center or NANOTEC)
    12. Malaysia (National [Malaysia] Nanotechnology Initiatives
    or NNI)

    Possible Applications of Nanotechnology in the


    Philippines (Dayrit, 2005)

    1. ICT and semiconductors


    2. Health and medicine
    3. Energy
    4. Food and agriculture
    5. Environment

    Nanotech Roadmap for the Philippines (funded by


    PCAS-TRD-DOST)

    1. ICT and semiconductors


    2.Health and biomedical
    3.Energy
    4.Environment
    5.Agriculture and food
    6.Health and environmental risk
    7.Nano-metrology
    8.Education and public awareness

    Benefits and Concers of Using Nanotechnology:


    1. Nanotechnology is not a single technology; it may
    become pervasive.
    2. Nanotechnology seeks to develop new materials with
    specific properties.
    3. Nanotechnology may introduce new efficiencies and
    paradigms which make some natural resources and
    current practices uncompetitive or obsolete.
    4. It may be complicated to detect its presence unless one
    has the specialist tools of nanotechnology.
    Example of Areas
    Affected by Possible Benefits Concerns
    Nanotechnology

    • Environment • Improved • High reactivity


    detection and and toxicity
    removal of
    contaminants • Pervasive
    distribution in the
    • Development of environment
    benign industrial
    process and • No nano-specific
    material EPA regulation
    • Health • Improved • Ability to cross cell
    medicine membranes and
    translocate in the
    body
    • No FDA approval
    needed cosmetics
    or supplements

    • Economy • Better products • Redistrubutiion of


    wealth
    • New jobs • Potential cost of
    cleanups and
    healthcare
    • Accessibility to all
    income levels
    ......... SUMMARY
    Nanotechnology is an advanced interdisciplinary field
    that encompasses science and technology that
    manufactures materials of great help to the improvement of
    various areas of society specially health care, environment,
    energy, food, water, and agriculture. It is field that needs to
    be explored, not only by known experts but also neophytes,
    in order to advance our knowledge of science and
    technology, to help improve our quality of life. But, before
    we engage in nanotechnology, we need to take into account
    the social, ethical, and environmental concerns of using
    such nanomaterials.

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