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    "DC Generators": AV-222 Electromechanical Systems

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    Syed Haider
    - DC generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy by using a prime mover like an engine or motor to spin a shaft and induce a voltage in the generator's armature. - There are three main types of DC generators: separately excited, shunt, and series. They differ in how their field windings are connected in relation to the armature and terminals. - The terminal voltage and current characteristics of each generator type are determined by Kirchhoff's voltage law applied to their equivalent circuits, and how the internal induced voltage and armature resistance/current relate under loading conditions. - Generators can be controlled by varying the field excitation through the field current or resistance to adjust the internal induced voltage and

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    "DC Generators": AV-222 Electromechanical Systems

    Uploaded by

    Syed Haider
    28 views15 pages
    - DC generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy by using a prime mover like an engine or motor to spin a shaft and induce a voltage in the generator's armature. - There are three main types of DC generators: separately excited, shunt, and series. They differ in how their field windings are connected in relation to the armature and terminals. - The terminal voltage and current characteristics of each generator type are determined by Kirchhoff's voltage law applied to their equivalent circuits, and how the internal induced voltage and armature resistance/current relate under loading conditions. - Generators can be controlled by varying the field excitation through the field current or resistance to adjust the internal induced voltage and

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    - DC generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy by using a prime mover like an engine or motor to spin a shaft and induce a voltage in the generator's armature. - There are three main types of DC generators: separately excited, shunt, and series. They differ in how their field windings are connected in relation to the armature and terminals. - The terminal voltage and current characteristics of each generator type are determined by Kirchhoff's voltage law applied to their equivalent circuits, and how the internal induced voltage and armature resistance/current relate under loading conditions. - Generators can be controlled by varying the field excitation through the field current or resistance to adjust the internal induced voltage and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    28 views15 pages

    "DC Generators": AV-222 Electromechanical Systems

    Uploaded by

    Syed Haider
    - DC generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy by using a prime mover like an engine or motor to spin a shaft and induce a voltage in the generator's armature. - There are three main types of DC generators: separately excited, shunt, and series. They differ in how their field windings are connected in relation to the armature and terminals. - The terminal voltage and current characteristics of each generator type are determined by Kirchhoff's voltage law applied to their equivalent circuits, and how the internal induced voltage and armature resistance/current relate under loading conditions. - Generators can be controlled by varying the field excitation through the field current or resistance to adjust the internal induced voltage and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    AV-222

    ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
    Lecture No 10

    “DC GENERATORS”

    Instructor: Flt Lt Ahnaf Lodhi


    Class: 83(B)
    Electric Machinery Fundamentals Ch 9.6:

    Avionics Engineering Department


    DC Generators
    • Converts mechanical to electrical energy
    • Types
    – Similar to those defined for motor
    – Different in terminal characteristics
    • Voltage-Current at the terminal
    • Source of mechanical movement
    – Prime mover
    • Turbine, engine or motor
    – Output characteristics of generators compared
    assuming constant speed prime movers
    • AC Generators more common
    – Used in conjunction with rectifiers for DC output
    Equivalent Circuit of a DC Generator
    Separately excited DC Generator
    • Terminal characteristics
    – Outputs
    • Terminal voltage and line current
    – Line current same as armature current for DC
    generator
    Separately Excited DC Generator
    • Terminal characteristics
    • KVL on the generator circuit
    • Generated voltage independent of armature
    current
    Separately Excited DC Generator
    • Terminal characteristics
    – KVL on the generator circuit
    – Generated voltage independent of armature current
    – Load increased (How?)
    • IL and therefore IA increases
    • Voltage drop against armature resistance increases
    • Terminal voltage of the generator falls
    – With armature reaction
    • Increase in IA increases AR causing flux weakening
    • Reduced flux reduces the induced voltage
    • Further decreases terminal voltage
    Separately Excited DC generator
    • Control of terminal voltage
    – By changing EA
    – Increasing induced voltage, terminal voltage
    increases and vice versa
    – Controlling EA
    • Change speed of rotation
    • Change field current
    – Decrease RF to increase field current
    – Increase flux causes induced voltage to increase
    Shunt DC Generator
    • Field provided current directly by connecting it to
    terminals
    • Armature current
    Shunt DC Motor
    • KVL
    • Advantage over separately excited generator
    – Absence of any external power supply
    • How to get that initial flux to get the generator
    started
    • Voltage buildup
    – Depends on presence of residual flux in poles
    – Initial internal voltage
    • Small in magnitude but causes current to flow in field coils

    • Increases flux in turn causing internal voltage to increase


    • Terminal voltage increases causing field current to increase further
    Shunt DC Generator
    • Terminal characteristics
    Shunt DC Generator
    • Voltage control
    – Change field resistor of the generator
    • Principal method
    • Decreasing field resistance increases field current
    • Increases flux in turn increasing internal voltage
    • Increases terminal voltage
    – Change shaft speed
    • Increases internal voltage causing terminal voltage to
    increase
    Shunt DC Generator
    • Analysis
    – At no load
    – KVL

    – Magnetization curve: line of all possible internal


    voltage values
    – Terminal voltages line
    – Identify armature drop line between these two curves
    to find terminal voltage for a given load and armature
    current
    Series DC Generator
    • Field connected in series with the armature
    • Field to have relatively few turns
    – Because of much higher armature current
    – Magnetomotive force

    • Higher current with less turns for same force


    – Field to have lowest possible resistance
    Series DC Generator
    • KVL
    • Terminal Characteristics
    – Residual flux at no load condition causing small
    terminal voltage
    – Initially the internal voltage increases rapidly to
    increase terminal voltage
    – After a while drop across resistance becomes
    predominant and terminal voltage starts to fall
    • Large negative voltage regulation system
    Series DC Generator

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