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    Lesson 1: The Origin of The Universe

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    Nicky Pangan
    The document summarizes the origin and structure of the sun. It explains that billions of years ago, a cloud of gases and dust collapsed under gravity to form a protostar that eventually became the sun through nuclear fusion. The sun has an internal structure with a core at 27 million degrees Celsius where nuclear fusion occurs, producing energy that moves through radiative and convective zones to the photosphere. Other layers include the chromosphere and corona, with temperatures reaching millions of degrees. The sun's energy comes from hydrogen fusing to form helium during nuclear fusion. Surface features include dark sunspots and large solar flares and prominences.

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    Lesson 1: The Origin of The Universe

    Uploaded by

    Nicky Pangan
    71 views21 pages
    The document summarizes the origin and structure of the sun. It explains that billions of years ago, a cloud of gases and dust collapsed under gravity to form a protostar that eventually became the sun through nuclear fusion. The sun has an internal structure with a core at 27 million degrees Celsius where nuclear fusion occurs, producing energy that moves through radiative and convective zones to the photosphere. Other layers include the chromosphere and corona, with temperatures reaching millions of degrees. The sun's energy comes from hydrogen fusing to form helium during nuclear fusion. Surface features include dark sunspots and large solar flares and prominences.

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    The document summarizes the origin and structure of the sun. It explains that billions of years ago, a cloud of gases and dust collapsed under gravity to form a protostar that eventually became the sun through nuclear fusion. The sun has an internal structure with a core at 27 million degrees Celsius where nuclear fusion occurs, producing energy that moves through radiative and convective zones to the photosphere. Other layers include the chromosphere and corona, with temperatures reaching millions of degrees. The sun's energy comes from hydrogen fusing to form helium during nuclear fusion. Surface features include dark sunspots and large solar flares and prominences.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    71 views21 pages

    Lesson 1: The Origin of The Universe

    Uploaded by

    Nicky Pangan
    The document summarizes the origin and structure of the sun. It explains that billions of years ago, a cloud of gases and dust collapsed under gravity to form a protostar that eventually became the sun through nuclear fusion. The sun has an internal structure with a core at 27 million degrees Celsius where nuclear fusion occurs, producing energy that moves through radiative and convective zones to the photosphere. Other layers include the chromosphere and corona, with temperatures reaching millions of degrees. The sun's energy comes from hydrogen fusing to form helium during nuclear fusion. Surface features include dark sunspots and large solar flares and prominences.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    LESSON 1: THE

    ORIGIN OF THE
    UNIVERSE

     THE SUN
    SUN
    • Source of power in the
    solar system
    • May look solid but
    actually made up of gases
    held together by gravity
    Fig. 1 Sun
    History of Sun
    • Billions of years ago, a vast cloud of
    gases and dust, along with other
    debris from another star, was
    forming together in a central mass
    due to gravity in area where the
    solar system is located.
    • This accumulation of matter began to
    group together and produced a large
    mass that became a huge clump of
    protostar, or an early stage in
    revolution of stars.

    • As it grew in size, temperature also


    increased due to friction and nuclear
    fusion occurred. Nuclear fusion is a
    reaction by which lighter atomic nuclei
    fuse to form a heavier nucleus.
    • The sun eventually born.
    • Helium is formed at the center of
    the sun by hydrogen atoms. These
    gases release photons of light that
    are distributed in the solar system.
    They also fuse together to form
    other elements of higher density,
    such as carbon and oxygen. These
    elements are also considered major
    components of the solar system.
    Structures of the Sun
    • Ball of hydrogen and
    helium gases
    • Do not have a definite
    boundary
    • Has an identifiable
    internal structure
    Layers of the Sun

    Fig. 2 Layers of the Sun


    Core
    • Inner most layer of the sun that
    consists of plasma, the fourth state
    of matter.
    • 27 000 000°C (temperature) –
    where the energy of the sun
    comes from
    • The energy that is produced inside
    the core moves slowly to the
    surface through the radiative zone.
    Radiative Zone
    • 7 000 000°C
    (temperature)
    • 300 000 km (thickness)
    • 45% of the sun
    Convective Zone

    • Surrounds the radiative


    zone
    • 200 000 km (thickness)
    Photosphere
    • Consists of convection cells that
    give the sun its grainy
    appearance
    • Visible surface that reaches a
    temperature approximately
    4400°C to 9000°C.
    • Lowest temperature among the
    layers of sun
    Chromosphere
    • 2000 km thick
    • Very thin part of the
    atmosphere of the sun that
    turns red as it receives heat
    from photosphere
    • 4000°C to 10 000°C
    (temperature)
    Corona
    • Outer most layer of the sun
    • Sun’s halo or crown
    • 2 000 000°C to 5 000 000°C
    (temperature)
    • Stretches millions of
    kilometers in space
    Energy of the Sun
    • Nuclear fusion creates energy by converting
    hydrogen into helium. This is the process by
    which the sun and other stars get their
    energy.
    • During this process, two nuclei fuse
    together, hence, the formation of a heavier
    element along with a new nucleus. This
    fusion results in the production of energy,
    which Earth receives from the sun as light
    and heat.
    Surface of the Sun
    Sunspots
    • Darker and cooler area of the sun’s surface
    produced when the magnetic fields of the sun
    slows down the movement gases in the
    convective zone that causes some parts of the
    photosphere to become cooler than the other
    layers.
    • Can measure up to 80 000 km in diameter
    • Occur in eleven-year cycles and are often in
    pairs
    • These features are commonly seen with the
    naked eye
    Solar Flare

    • An enormous explosion in the


    sun’s atmosphere that is capable
    of emitting electrical particles to
    the entire solar system.
    Solar Wind

    • Extend up to a thousand km through space


    in matter of minutes
    • Very dangerous to astronauts and spacecraft
    • Knocking out power grids and interfering
    with cell phone, radio and television
    transmissions.
    Solar Prominence

    • Large gaseous feature of the


    sun’s surface
    SUN FACTS
    • The sun accounts for
    99.86% of the mass in
    solar system
    • Over one million
    Earth’s could fit inside
    the Sun
    • It takes eight minutes
    for light reach Earth
    from the Sun
    THANK YOU FOR
    LISTENING!! 

    Aila Mae M. San Jose


    11 ABM A2

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