Let’s Ponder

Teacher: Juan, what would you like to be when you

grow up?
Juan: Ma’am, I want to be happy!
Teacher: Juan, you did not answer my question.
Juan: Ma’am, you do not understand what life is all
about!
1. Do you think that Juan’s answer was
appropriate for his teacher question?
2. What do you think was Juan’s
interpretation of his teacher’s
question?
3. Based on his responses, what kind of
student do you imagine Juan to be?
4. If you were Juan’s teacher, how would
you respond to him?
5. How is philosophy related to this
situation?
 Why is it important for people to
think of “serious” or “deep”
question once in a while.
 ?????????????????????????????????????????????
THINK
Read the following news headlines. What “simple”,
“serious” , and “deep” questions come to mind when
you read them?
 Flash floods in remote village kill a hundred
people
 Abused child kept chained in basement for five
years finally rescued
 Man sentenced to ten years for stealing milk to
feed his baby.
 Lottery winner donates half of winnings to local
orphanage.
Discuss
What questions about your life are
you struggling to find answers to?
Share some of them in class.
Think
What words come to mind when
you hear the word philosophy?

PHILOSOPHY
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
Philosophy- comes from Greek
words

Philos- Love

Sophia- Wisdom
 Love of Wisdom
The study or discipline that
uses human reason to
investigate the ultimate
causes, reasons, and
principles which governs all
things.
Philosophers/ “lovers of wisdom”

 People who engage in philosophy

 Became pioneers in various fields of
knowledge such as history, biology,
medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and
even physics,
 Ancient philosophers are experts in
various fields of learning.
Discuss
What ideas do you “love” or take
an interest in?
What does it mean to be a lover
of wisdom?
What characteristics should a
philosopher possess?
4 Major Philosophical Questions
1. What is real? Are we able to perceive and
understand reality and everything in it?
2. How do we know what we know? Are the
things that we know true?
3. What is the ultimate cause of all things?
What is our purpose in this world?
4. To what extent are our choices and actions
considered “free”?
Discuss
1. What other philosophical
questions have you asked
yourself? What led you to ponder
those questions?
2. Do you think that you will be able
to figure out the answers to these
philosophical questions? Explain.
Notable Ancient Greek Philosophers
 Pythagoras- (570BCE to 495 BCE)
- A mathematician and scientist
- He formulated the Pythagorean theorem.
- His work earned him many followers and
established a community of learners who were
devoted to the study of religion and philosophy.
 Heraclitus (535 BCE to 475 BCE )
- Proposed that everything that exist is
based on a higher order or plan which
he called LOGOS.
- Change is permanent aspects of the
human condition as he was credited
with the saying, “No man ever steps
in the same river twice”
Democritus (460 BCE to 370
BCE)
- He devoted himself to the study
of the causes of natural
phenomena.
- First propose that matter is
composed of tiny particles
called atoms.
 Diogenes of Sinope (412 BCE to 323 BCE)
- He advocate simple living and virtuous life.
- One should not talk of virtue but should show it in
words and actions.
- Also known to be vocal
- His teachings and views were later developed by his
followers and influenced the development of several
schools of philosophy such as Cynicism and
Stoicism.
- ..\..\Downloads\What Do Cynical People Really
Want.mp4
- ..\..\Downloads\The philosophy of Stoicism -
Massimo Pigliucci.mp4
 Epicurus 341BCE to 270 BCE)
- Believed that philosophy could enable
man to live a life of happiness.
- Epicureanism- a school of philosophy
which believes that wisdom and
simple living will result in a life free of
fear and pain.
- ..\..\Downloads\Epicureanism-
Explained (feat. Drake).mp4
 Socrates 470 BCE to 399 BCE
- Considered as the foremost philosopher of ancient
times.
- Great contributions in the field of ethics.
- He also believed that philosophy could enable a
man to live a life of virtue.
- Socratic Method- examining a topic by devising a
series of questions that let the learner examine and
analyze his knowledge and views regarding the
topic.
- ..\..\Downloads\Socratic Method of
Philosophizing - Introduction to the Philosophy of
the Human Person.mp4
 Plato (427 BCE to 347 BCE)
- Student of Socrates .
- His teachings and writings were considered the
foundation of Western Philosophy.
- Theory of Forms- everything that exists is based on
an idea or template that can only be perceived in the
mind; these nonphysical ideas are eternal and
unchanging. ..\..\Downloads\PLATO ON- The
Forms.mp4
- Dialectic- a method of inquiry where two opposing
ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new
knowledge.
- Academy- an institution of higher learning which was
the first of its kind in the Western World.
Aristotle (384 BCE to 322 BCE)
 Attended the Academy, prominent student of Plato.
 He disagreed Plato’s Theory of forms.
 For him all ideas and views are based on perception
and our reality is based on what we can sense and
perceive, this view greatly influenced the study of the
physical sciences.
 Involved in a great variety of discipline such as
zoology, psychology, ethics, and politics.
 His studies in logic gave rise to deductive reasoning
the process by which specific statements are analyzed
to reach a conclusion or
generalization...\..\Downloads\What are
Deduction & Induction - Gentleman Thinker.mp4
Make a Graphic Organizer
Summarizing the Information of
the Famous Philosophers
ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS Information
How Philosophy Emerged as an
Important Discipline
 From their roots in Ancient Greece, the
thoughts and ideas of philosophers
gained popularity in many places
throughout the world.
 The development that started in
ancient Greece brought about the
emergence of Western Philosophy.
Difference between Western and
Eastern Philosophy
..\..\Downloads\Eastern Philosophers vs Western
Philosophers. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 4..mp4
 Both Philosophies pondered the significant
questions regarding human existence.
 Eastern Philosophers- emerged from the
communities and civilizations in Asia. More fluid
and places greater emphasis on social relations,
the family, and the community.
 Western Philosophers- throughout the centuries
became more systematic and specialized in its
approach
Why is there a need to
philosophize?
 The Greek philosopher Plato traced man’s
need to philosophize the Sense of
Wonder- whenever we are confronted with
an experience, we always wonder how it
came about
 Curiosity drive us to ask questions, some of
which have no definite answers.
 Where did we came from? Why do we exist?
For what purpose were we created?
 The 15th century French Philosopher Rene
Descartes traced the need to philosophize to
doubt.
 He was famous for rejecting or questioning
established ideas, and he even went far as
doubting his own ideas.

 ..\..\Downloads\Can We Be Certain of
Anything (Descartes) - 8-Bit
Philosophy.mp4.crdownload
 20th century Swiss German philosopher Karl Jasper
saw the need to philosophize because of
Experience.
 He believed that man is often confronted by
experiences which challenge his ideas and
frameworks.
 He called this experience limit situations- these
are often accompanied by feelings of helplessness,
anxiety, or dread.
 For him philosophy provide us a means to
understand adverse or challenging conditions, and
to rise above them and gain new knowledge and
perspectives. ..\..\Downloads\Karl Jaspers on
Boundary Situations.mp4
 Love for Wisdom- is to have an insatiable desire for
truth.
 A philosopher does not seek knowledge to claim
ownership of it; and one who engages in philosophy is
not satisfied with figuring out the questions.
 He seeks to continue questions, to probe, and to
discuss in order to get the bottom of things.
 Socrates gained fame for his curiosity and his constant
debates with many of the intellectual elite in Greece.
His famous saying “ I know what I do not know..”
accepting this state of ignorance that one can begin to
learn and understand.
 Socrates motto: “ The unexamined life is not worth
living”. ..\..\Downloads\Socrates- The
Unexamined Life is Not Worth Living.mp4
 Which reason (Wonder, Doubt, Experience or
Wisdom) you can relate the most.?
Wonder Doubt Experience Wisdom

Explain how your chosen reason to philosophize

influences your thinking and the way you look at
the world.
1.What are the reasons that compel a
person to engage in philosophical
thinking?
2.How can you as a person benefit
from philosophizing?
Poster Making
 Make a poster showing a holistic view of
your life.
 Come up with a creative visualization that
will show your life in its totality and how
your various experiences contributed to give
meaning to your life.
 25pts.
 ..\..\Downloads\Philosophy Professor -- Inspirational
Self Help Story (A Project by Melik Duyar).mp4
 ..\..\Downloads\10 Philosophical Questions that will
Change Your Life.mp4
How do we characterize the study
of Philosophy?
 A way of analyzing framework (Framework)- as a
way of thinking about the world and is composed of
the views and beliefs of a person.
- Whenever a person encounters a problem or questions
in life, he or she often goes back to his or her own
framework.
- Internal Questions- questions dealing with our own
correctness and values are considered. Can be
addressed using our own personal frameworks.
 External Questions- seek question the very
framework upon which people based their own beliefs
and views.
 For instance, a child who is going through the bitter
experience of his or her parents separation will be in
state of confusion as his or her experience does not
conform to his/ her personal framework of what a
family should be. In this case, the child begins to
question the very framework or concept of family that
he or she has built based on previous experiences. By
questioning his or her ideas or concepts, the child has
already touched on an important aspect of philosophy.
The child seeks to clarify, examine, and evaluate the
basis of frameworks which he or she uses to deal with
the world and give meaning t his or her experiences.
 Philosophy can also be thought of as an
examination of a particular area of
knowledge.
 There is philosophy of science-
principles that guide scientific method.
philosophy of religion-basic tenets of
faith, philosophy of education,
political, history-every aspect of
knowledge can benefit from the
inquiring nature of philosophy.
 Philosophy itself is a distinct area of knowledge
with its own goal, concerns and ways of doing
things.
 Divided into several branches;
Aesthetics- deals with beauty and what makes
thing “beautiful”.
Logic- deals with correct reasoning.
Epistemology- discusses the nature of knowledge
and knowing.
Ethics- deals with moral questions and dilemmas.
Political Philosophy- studies governments and
deals with questions of justice, power and the right
and obligations of citizens.
 Metaphysics- deals with questions
regarding reality and existence.
 Philosophy of Human Person- area
of philosophy that understands the
human person from a philosophical
perspective.
 Philosophy is a reflective and
meditative activity.- a method of
mental exercise on any type of
experience.
Make a graphic organizer showing
the different branches of
philosophy. Present and discuss
your work in class.
Difference between the Holistic
thinking and Partial Thinking
 Holistic Thinking- refers to a perspective that
considers large-scale patterns in system.
-This is often described as looking at the “big
picture” when describing and analyzing a situation
or problem.
-Requires an individual to have an open mindset and
a ability to get the general sense or impression
regarding a situation.
..\..\Downloads\Holistic Thinking.mp4
Partial thinking- focuses on
specific aspects of a situation.
An important component of
analytical thinking, as an
individual focuses on certain
areas or aspects of a problem
in order to understand it
Discuss
1. Cite a situation where you adopted a
holistic view in looking at a problem or
situation. How did adopting a holistic view
help you make sense of the situation?
2. How can having a holistic view help us
become better individuals?
How does one engage in
reflection?
 Reflection- requires a person to be willing to examine
one’s thoughts, feelings, and actions and to learn more
about one’s life and experiences.(ex. When you wake
up in the morning you reflect, when you buy new t-
shirt you reflect)
 Constant reflection on your possible purchases may
even help you make wiser choices and improve your
spending habits in the future.
 It is vital ensuring that our actions and decisions are
well thought out and are done with due regard for
their implications and consequences on ourselves,
others, and our surroundings.
Think
 Engage in reflection on the following situations.
List down the simple, serious, and deep questions
you would ask yourself in these situation.
1. You go into a restaurant and the waiter hands you
a menu. Which dish to order.
2. You and your friends are deciding on a “fun”
thing to do while at the mall.
3. You open your wallet and saw that you still have a
hundred peso left from your weekly allowance.
Role Play 20pts
Discuss
 Have you ever had an experience where
reflecting on your actions benefited
you?
 Has reflection ever helped you avoid
making a bad decision?
What are the practical uses of
philosophy in our lives?
 Philosophy has an important place in our daily lives.
1. Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical
analysis and interpretation of concepts,
definitions, arguments, and problems- it trains
us to be critical of our own ideas as well as of others-
meaning we don’t simply accept or reject whatever is
presented to us.
2. Philosophy also improves problem solving and
decision making- The ability to analyze a problem
or dilemma, identify its significant aspects, and
come up with alternative solutions is an important
skill learned through philosophy.
3. A philosopher is a good communicator who
can clearly and adequately present his or her
ideas- discussion and debate require skills in
presenting and communicating ideas. It can also
help us be more open to new and different ideas.
Communication skills are also enhanced by the
study of philosophy because it trains us to be very
precise about our thoughts and sentiments in
order to express exactly what we want to say.
4. Wisdom- is one intended product of
philosophizing, and this refers to a persons ability
to apply knowledge to daily life in making sound
choices and judgment.
 Knowledge of philosophy can contribute to
self development- one can be a better student,
scientist, artist, professional, and citizen if he or
she has the capacity for inquiry, critical thinking
and reflection. Encourages a person to know
oneself, his or her strengths and weaknesses,
establish an identity, and determine our purpose
in life. Self-knowledge grows along with ones
understanding of the world and this is essential to
the realization of the self. These are tools to
develop one’s own ideas and views and engage fully
in useful activities in the community, nation, and
the world at large.
Discuss
1. How can philosophy help you succeed
as a student?
2. How can philosophy help you become
a productive individual and citizens?
Discuss with your other family members a problem or issue
important to your family. Write down their views and use them as
bases to come up with a solution based n a holistic perspective.
Use the graph as a guide in conducting the discussions.

PROBLEMS OR ISSUE IMPORTANT TO MY FAMILY

My Mother’s View My Father’s View

My brother’s/sister’s views My own views

Other important views or things to consider

Solutions
1. It is the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the
ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things.
2. The Greek term for philosophy, philosophia, means ____________.
3. The Greek philosopher Plato believes that philosophy is brought
about by man’s sense of _____.
4. He believes that persons engage in philosophy in order to make sense
difficult life experience.
5. Rene Descartes considers this as a reason why people philosophize.
6. It refers to a way of thinking about the world and is made up of a
person’s view and beliefs.
7. These are questions that examine personal ideas regarding
correctness and values.
8. It is an activity that requires a person to examine his or her thoughts,
feelings, and actions and learn from experience.
9. It is a perspective that focuses on specific aspects of a situation.
10. It is a perspective that considers the “bigger picture” when looking at
problem and situations.