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    Intro To Logical Fallacy

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    KC Torayno
    This document discusses logical fallacies and provides examples of 15 common fallacious arguments. It begins by defining a logical fallacy as a flawed statement that sounds true but contains an error in reasoning. Some of the 15 fallacies described include appeals to popularity, slippery slopes, appeals to authority, hasty generalizations, begging the question, straw man arguments, and post hoc fallacies. The document encourages readers to develop skills in detecting logical fallacies in their own and others' writing as a form of "intellectual self defense." It concludes by assigning students a task to find examples of logical fallacies.

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    Intro To Logical Fallacy

    Uploaded by

    KC Torayno
    175 views22 pages
    This document discusses logical fallacies and provides examples of 15 common fallacious arguments. It begins by defining a logical fallacy as a flawed statement that sounds true but contains an error in reasoning. Some of the 15 fallacies described include appeals to popularity, slippery slopes, appeals to authority, hasty generalizations, begging the question, straw man arguments, and post hoc fallacies. The document encourages readers to develop skills in detecting logical fallacies in their own and others' writing as a form of "intellectual self defense." It concludes by assigning students a task to find examples of logical fallacies.

    Original Description:

    Discussion of some fallacies

    Original Title

    Intro to Logical Fallacy

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    This document discusses logical fallacies and provides examples of 15 common fallacious arguments. It begins by defining a logical fallacy as a flawed statement that sounds true but contains an error in reasoning. Some of the 15 fallacies described include appeals to popularity, slippery slopes, appeals to authority, hasty generalizations, begging the question, straw man arguments, and post hoc fallacies. The document encourages readers to develop skills in detecting logical fallacies in their own and others' writing as a form of "intellectual self defense." It concludes by assigning students a task to find examples of logical fallacies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    175 views22 pages

    Intro To Logical Fallacy

    Uploaded by

    KC Torayno
    This document discusses logical fallacies and provides examples of 15 common fallacious arguments. It begins by defining a logical fallacy as a flawed statement that sounds true but contains an error in reasoning. Some of the 15 fallacies described include appeals to popularity, slippery slopes, appeals to authority, hasty generalizations, begging the question, straw man arguments, and post hoc fallacies. The document encourages readers to develop skills in detecting logical fallacies in their own and others' writing as a form of "intellectual self defense." It concludes by assigning students a task to find examples of logical fallacies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    Logical Fallacies

    Introduction
    What is a logical fallacy?
    A fallacy is an error of reasoning. These
    are flawed statements that often sound
    true

    Logical fallacies are often used to


    strengthen an argument, but if the reader
    detects them the argument can backfire,
    and damage the writer’s credibility
    Origins

    The word “fallacy” derives from the Latin


    word fallere meaning, “to deceive, to trip,
    to lead into error or to trick.” The word
    also derives from the Greek phelos,
    meaning “deceitful.”

    www.sun-design.com/talitha/fallacies.htm
    Why study logical fallacies?
     It is important to develop logical fallacy detection
    skills in your own writing, as well as others’.

    Think of this as “intellectual kung-fu: the art of intellectual


    self defense.” (Logical Fallacies Handlist)
    Types of Logical Fallacies
    The following slides will briefly explain 15
    fallacious arguments.
    Types of Logical Fallacies
    - 1. “Bandwagon Approach”
    - “It must be cool because everyone is doing it…
    - “90 percent of computer users choose Macs”
    - (sometimes called Appeal to Popularity)
    Types of Logical Fallacies
    - 2.“Slippery Slope” - a fallacious argument built
    on the supposition that a small step will lead to
    a larger chain of events
    “If you don’t stop smoking, then you are going to start
    shooting heroin.”
    - “Marijuana is the gateway drug.”
    Slippery Slope, cont.
    3) Appeals to Authority

    Using a celebrity or authority figure’s name


    to support an issue which if not really his
    or her expertise.
    “Katie Perry thinks the killer should be
    pardoned.” FALSE AUTHORITY .
    Often called.. . Using a suspicious,
    incredible source to defend a conclusion
    Types of Logical Fallacies

    4.) Card Stacking


    Considered a fallacy of omission
    - Material is simply left out or taken out of
    context, ignoring evidence that doesn’t
    support your opinion
    5) Hasty Generalizations

    This is the chief error in reasoning! – a


    type of inductive reasoning – conclusions
    made through insufficient evidence
    Ex: The last two mass murderers were from
    Michigan. Obviously, people from
    Michigan are dangerous.
    Fallacies, continued . . .

    6) Begging the question: A is true


    because A is true . . . “chocolate is healthy
    because it is good for you”

    7) Straw Man: a fallacy of distraction – an


    irrelevant conclusion (Ex: How could he
    possibly cheat on his taxes? He’s such a
    great father!)
    Straw Man, con.
    More Fallacies

    8) Appeals to Pity: appealing to


    someone’s emotions in order to distract
    them from the truth.
    9) Ad Hominem: Latin for “To the man” –
    pointing out a negative characteristic to
    support one’s argument (ex: how could
    Mary know anything about cars? She’s a
    woman!)
    10) Non sequitur: conclusion doesn’t
    logically follow the premise (Men are
    human. Mary is human. Therefore, Mary
    is a man.)
    11) Guilt by association: a false
    correlation between two events (9/11-
    Sandy Hook shooting)
    12) Faulty Cause/effect: Ex: “we’ve
    been in business 50 years – That makes
    us the best!
    13) False needs: “If parents want
    intelligent children, they must buy Baby
    Mozart!”
    14) Either/Or fallacy – aka False
    Dilemma . . . “You’re either part of the
    solution or part of the problem”
    15.) Post Hoc

    The arguer infers that because one event


    follows another, the first event must be the
    cause of the second event.
    Causation without correlation
    Ex: The rooster crowed, the sun came up.
    Therefore, the rooster made the sun come
    up.
    Quiz on these fallacies on Friday!!!!!
    Logical Fallacy Roundup

     In groups of 2-4, search websites,


    newspapers, advertisements, etc. to find
    arguments that may contain logical
    fallacies.

     Find two logical fallacies to share with


    the class on Thursday or Friday.
    In conclusion, always be on the lookout
    for faulty reasoning!

    If you took notes and


    completed the
    activity, you are a
    genius!

    Congratulations!

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