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    Digestive System

    Uploaded by

    Daniella
    The document summarizes the key components and processes of the digestive system. It describes the digestive tract from mouth to anus, and the accessory organs that secrete enzymes and juices to break down food, including the salivary glands, liver, pancreas and gallbladder. The four basic processes of the digestive system are also outlined as digestion, absorption, motility and secretion.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Digestive System

    Uploaded by

    Daniella
    573 views43 pages
    The document summarizes the key components and processes of the digestive system. It describes the digestive tract from mouth to anus, and the accessory organs that secrete enzymes and juices to break down food, including the salivary glands, liver, pancreas and gallbladder. The four basic processes of the digestive system are also outlined as digestion, absorption, motility and secretion.

    Original Description:

    An in dept review of the Human Digestive System.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document summarizes the key components and processes of the digestive system. It describes the digestive tract from mouth to anus, and the accessory organs that secrete enzymes and juices to break down food, including the salivary glands, liver, pancreas and gallbladder. The four basic processes of the digestive system are also outlined as digestion, absorption, motility and secretion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    573 views43 pages

    Digestive System

    Uploaded by

    Daniella
    The document summarizes the key components and processes of the digestive system. It describes the digestive tract from mouth to anus, and the accessory organs that secrete enzymes and juices to break down food, including the salivary glands, liver, pancreas and gallbladder. The four basic processes of the digestive system are also outlined as digestion, absorption, motility and secretion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 43

    1.

    Ingest Food
    2. Break it down into small
    Molecules that can cross
    Plasma membranes.
    3. Eliminate Non-digestive
    wastes
    As of Action
    1. Mechanical Digestion
    - food is converted into small pieces by
    physical means such as mastication by the
    teeth
    2. Chemical Digestion
    - food is converted into simpler forms by the
    action of enzymes.
    As to Location
    1. Intracellular Digestion
    - inside the cell particularly in the
    lysosomes, characteristics of unicellular
    organisms.
    2. Extracellular Digestion
    - outside the cell
    - inside the digestive tube
    - Also called as Alimentary canal
    - over 30ft, long in human, beginning
    In the mouth and ending in the anus.
     Organs that secrete juices
    Containing enzymes for the
    Digestion of food
     Salivary glands, gastric gland,
    Pacreas,intestinal gland and
    The liver.
     Includes structures that help in the digestion
    of food
     Tongue and teeth
     Anterior opening
     Guarded by upper and lower
    lips
     Site of mastication and
    lubrication of food
    a. Parotid Glands
    - located in front
    of and below the
    ears
    b. Sublingual Glands
    - Lie beneath the tongue
    proper and their ducts
    open into the floor of
    the oral cavity
    c. Submandibular Gland
    - lie in the posterior floor
    of the oral cavity beneath
    the base of the tongue
     Produce about 1 liter of saliva a day
     Saliva contains mucus and a digestive
    enzyme called salivary amylase.
     Teeth carry on mastication.
     Mastication breaks down food into smaller
    portions.
     The tongue forms the chewed food into a
    small mass called bolus for swallowing.
     Narrow space behind the oral cavity
     Common passageway of food and air
     Swallow occurs in the pharynx
     Breathing does not occur when swallowing
     Narrow muscular organ between the pharynx
    and the stomach
     Peristalsis movement
     The largest and highly muscular part of the
    digestive tube.
     Maximum capacity of 2.5 pints
     Food stays about 3 to 5 hours
     Churning movement
    Cardiac Sphincter
    - Anterior end
    - prevents backward
    movement of food
    to the esophagus.
    Fundus
    -most expanded part
    of the stomach.
    Pyloric Sphincter
    - posterior end
    - regulates the
    movement of food
    to the small intestine
     The largest part of the digestive system.
     Site of final digestion and absorption
     About 52ft. Long
     Food stays 4-5 hours
    Duodenum
    -anterior end
    - uncoiled
    Jejunum
    - middle division
    -coiled
    Ileum
    - posterior end
     Posterior part of the digestive system
     Joined to the small intestine by the vermiform
    appendix
     Food stay in the large intestine for 5-25
    hours
     Absorption of water
     Caecum
    -anterior portion
    - appendix is located
    Colon
    - middle portion
    - divided into ascending colon, transverse
    colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon.
    Rectum
    - posterior portion
    - temporary storage of undigested food
     Posterior opening of the digestive tube
     Exit of fecal matter
     Regulated by the axial sphincter
     Found in the oral cavity, esophagus and small
    intestine and large intestine.
     Secrete mucin for lubrication of food.
     Found in the rugne of the stomach
     Secrete gastric juices
     Controlled by the medulla of the brain and by
    the hormone gastrin.
    Mucin- lubrication of food
    HCl- coverts pepsinogen into pepsin
    Pepsinogen- converted into pepsin by
    HCl; digest protein into polypeptide
    chains
    Lipase- digests fat into fatty and
    glycerol
     Found in the intestine
     Secrete intestinal juices
    Mucin- lubrication of food
    Enterokinase- activates trypsinogen to
    trypsin
    Nucleases- break nucleotides into
    nitrogen bases, phosphoric acids and
    pentoses.
     Found along the peripheral surface of the
    duodenum
     Secretes pancreatic juice to the duodenum
    through the pancreatic duct.
     The pancreas makes pancreatic juices and
    hormones, including insulin.
     The pancreatic juices are enzymes that help
    digest food in the small intestine.
     Insulin controls the amount of sugar in the
    blood.
     Secrete bile that is store in the gall bladder
     The largest gland in the body
     Storage of glycogen
     Production of Fibrinogen for blood clothing
     Site of protein synthesis
     Detoxification of nitrogenous waste by
    changing them into urea.
     Destruction of worn out RBC
     Formation and storage of vitamin A and D
     The primary function of the GI tract is to
    move nutrients, water and electrolytes from
    the external environment into the body’s
    internal environment.
     The body meets physiological challenges by
    coordinating the four basic processes of the
    digestive system.
    THE GI tract
    - muscular alimentary canal
     Mouth
     Pharynx
     Esophagus
     Stomach
     Small intestine
     Large intestine
     Anus
    The accessory digestive organs
    -Supply secretions contributing to the
    breakdown of food

     Teeth and tongue


     Liver
     Pancreas
     Gall Bladder
     Salivary Glands
    1. Digestive
    - the chemical and mechanical breakdown of
    foods into smaller units that can be taken
    across the internal epithelium unto the body.
    2. Absorption
    - The transfer of substances from the GI
    tract to the extracellular fluid.
    3. Motility
    - movement of materials in the GI tract as
    a result of muscle contraction
    4. Secretion
    - both the transepithelial transfer of water
    and ions from extracellular fluid flood to the
    digestive tract lumen and the release of
    substances synthesized by GI cells.

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