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    Session 1

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    sergio lizzano
    Phonetics is the study of human sounds used in speech. It describes and classifies sounds at the physical level, without regard to meaning. Phonology deals with how sounds pattern and relate in a language. The basic unit in phonetics is the phone, a speech sound, while the unit in phonology is the phoneme, a contrastive sound that distinguishes meaning. Phonology analyzes a language's system of phonemes and their allophones, variant pronunciations conditioned by context.

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    Session 1

    Uploaded by

    sergio lizzano
    26 views20 pages
    Phonetics is the study of human sounds used in speech. It describes and classifies sounds at the physical level, without regard to meaning. Phonology deals with how sounds pattern and relate in a language. The basic unit in phonetics is the phone, a speech sound, while the unit in phonology is the phoneme, a contrastive sound that distinguishes meaning. Phonology analyzes a language's system of phonemes and their allophones, variant pronunciations conditioned by context.

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    Fonética Uni Salamanca

    Original Title

    Session_1

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    Phonetics is the study of human sounds used in speech. It describes and classifies sounds at the physical level, without regard to meaning. Phonology deals with how sounds pattern and relate in a language. The basic unit in phonetics is the phone, a speech sound, while the unit in phonology is the phoneme, a contrastive sound that distinguishes meaning. Phonology analyzes a language's system of phonemes and their allophones, variant pronunciations conditioned by context.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    26 views20 pages

    Session 1

    Uploaded by

    sergio lizzano
    Phonetics is the study of human sounds used in speech. It describes and classifies sounds at the physical level, without regard to meaning. Phonology deals with how sounds pattern and relate in a language. The basic unit in phonetics is the phone, a speech sound, while the unit in phonology is the phoneme, a contrastive sound that distinguishes meaning. Phonology analyzes a language's system of phonemes and their allophones, variant pronunciations conditioned by context.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 20

    Session 1

     Branch of linguistics that studies the characteristics


    of human sound making, especially those sounds
    made in natural speech. It provides methods for the
    description, classification, production, combination
    and representation by written symbols.

     The phonetic level is concrete (the phonological level


    will be abstract) and it’s not a proper linguistic
    science but a physical science.

     The unit of phonetics is the phone which is a speech


    segment which possesses distinct physical or
    perceptual properties, which are not meaningful.
    Every time a speech sound is produced it is slightly
    different from other utterances, so we have a new
    phone, but they do not represent different meanings.
     Branch of linguistics that deals with the way speech
    sounds behave in particular languages.

     Of the wide range of sounds that the human vocal


    apparatus can produce and which are studied by
    phonetics, only a relative small number are used distinctly
    in a language. These sounds are organized into a system
    of contrasts which are analyzed by phonology.

     The unit of phonology is the phoneme, the minimal


    contrastive unit of speech which produces a change in
    meaning.

     Allophone: distinct production of the same phoneme


    provoked by its position in the word, that does not change
    the meaning when they it is interchanged.
     Phonemic transcription:
    - Phonemes
    - Slant brackets / /

     Phonetic transcription:
    - Allophones
    - Square brackets [ ]

    “pit”: / pɪt / vs. [ p ǐt ]


    h
     Before the glottis:
    - Diaphragm
    - Lungs
    - Trachea or Windpipe

     The glottis

     Resonating cavities
    Vocal Folds
    a) The pharynx

    b) The soft palate (or velum)

    c) The mouth
     Fixed organs:
    - Teeth
    - Palate: - Alveolar ridge
    - Hard palate
    - Soft palate
    - Uvula
     Movable organs:
    ◦ - Lips
    ◦ - Tongue: Tip, blade, front, centre, back, root, rims
    ◦ - Lower jaw
     Nature of the air stream:
    Pulmonic / Non-pulmonic
    Egressive / Ingressive

     Action of the vocal folds:


    Voiced / Voiceless

     Position of the soft palate:


    Nasal / Oral
     Stricture in the resonating cavities
    Vocalic / Consonantal

    a) Vowel: - Position of the tongue


    - Opening of the mouth
    - Shape of the lips
    - Length of the sound

    b) Consonant: - Point of stricture


    - Type of stricture
     According to this, the articulation of vowels is
    not restricted. Vowels are sounds in which
    there is no obstruction to the flow of air as it
    passes from the larynx to the lips.

     On the contrary, consonants are sounds in


    which the air finds a difficulty or even it’s
    impossible to pass through the mouth.
     In the middle, there will be semi-vowels or semi-
    consonants which won’t allow the air to pass
    without obstruction, but whose stricture is as
    slightly as to behave the same to perform the
    action of a vowel.

     So, phonologically, they behave like consonants


    in that they do not appear at the centre of
    syllables (a feature shared by all vowels), but at
    the edges. This ambiguity – vowel-like by nature,
    consonant-like in behaviour - is also reflected in
    their traditional name of semi-vowels
    (sometimes also semi-consonants).
     Tongue height: - Close
    - Open
    - Close-mid or open-mid

     Frontness vs. backness of the tongue: - Front


    - Back
    - Central

     Lip rounding: - Rounded


    - Spread
    - Neutral

     Length: - Long
    - Short
     Phonation or voicing: - Voiced
    - Voiceless

     Place of articulation: - Bilabial - Palato-alveolar


    -Labiodental - (Retroflex)
    - Dental - Palatal
    - Alveolar - Velar
    - Glottal

     Mode of articulation: - Plosive - Nasal


    - Fricative - Lateral
    - Affricate - Trill
    - Approximant (Semi-vowels)

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