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    Session 3

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    sergio lizzano
    The document discusses stress patterns, pronunciation, and connected speech processes in English. It notes that stressed and unstressed syllables influence word class, and that nouns/adjectives typically have initial stress while verbs have second syllable stress. Consonant changes in connected speech are described, like assimilation, elision, and intrusive sounds. Intonation patterns for questions, statements, and expressions are also covered.

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    Session 3

    Uploaded by

    sergio lizzano
    43 views32 pages
    The document discusses stress patterns, pronunciation, and connected speech processes in English. It notes that stressed and unstressed syllables influence word class, and that nouns/adjectives typically have initial stress while verbs have second syllable stress. Consonant changes in connected speech are described, like assimilation, elision, and intrusive sounds. Intonation patterns for questions, statements, and expressions are also covered.

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    Session_3

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    The document discusses stress patterns, pronunciation, and connected speech processes in English. It notes that stressed and unstressed syllables influence word class, and that nouns/adjectives typically have initial stress while verbs have second syllable stress. Consonant changes in connected speech are described, like assimilation, elision, and intrusive sounds. Intonation patterns for questions, statements, and expressions are also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    43 views32 pages

    Session 3

    Uploaded by

    sergio lizzano
    The document discusses stress patterns, pronunciation, and connected speech processes in English. It notes that stressed and unstressed syllables influence word class, and that nouns/adjectives typically have initial stress while verbs have second syllable stress. Consonant changes in connected speech are described, like assimilation, elision, and intrusive sounds. Intonation patterns for questions, statements, and expressions are also covered.

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    of 32

    Session 3

     Syllables according to the stress:

    - Stressed (main stress)


    drastic, alone, plentiful…

    - Partially stressed (secondary stress)


    contradict, declaration, manifestation…

    - Unstressed
    paper, forgive, degree, weaker…
     Influence on lexical category:

    ◦ Rebel (noun) vs. to rebel (verb)


    /ˈrebəl/ /rɪˈbel/

     Influence on pronunciation:

    ◦ Desert vs. Dessert


    /ˈdezət/ /dɪˈzɜ:t/
    Two-syllable words:
    - Nouns and adjectives  First syllable
    water, awful, picture, chimney…
    /ə/ /ə/ /ə/ /ɪ/

    - Verbs  Second syllable


    conform, agree, belong, reflect…
    /ə/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ɪ/

    - Noun/adj.-verb pairs:
    object – object, addict - addict
    /ɒ/ /ɪ/ /ə//e/ /æ//ɪ/ /ə//ɪ/
    Three-syllable words:
    - Nouns and adjectives  First syllable
    wonderful, excellent, government, general…
    /ə//ə/ /ə//ə/ /ə/ /ə/ /ə//ə/

    - Verbs  Second syllable


    remember, astonish, establish, develop…
    /ɪ/ /ə/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ɪ/ /ɪ/ /ɪ/ /ə/

     Third syllable (with diphthongs/long vowels)


    overlook, redesign, entertain, disbelieve…
    /əʊ//ə/ /i:/ /ɪ/ /e/ /ə/ /ɪ//ɪ/
    Four and more-syllable words:
    · First syllable  Secondary stress on the third syllable
    extraverted, pacifism, extricated…

    · Second syllable  No secondary stress


    forgetfulness, extremity, calamity, photography…

    · Third syllable  Secondary stress on the first syllable


    accidental, reconstruction, invitation, television…
     Aspects of connected speech:
    a) Stress-timed sentences:
    · Existence of stressed and unstressed words.

    b) Rhythm:
    · Weak and strong forms
    · Assimilation
    · Elision
    · Linking / Intrusion

    c) Intonation
     Words stressed in the sentence (Content words):
    - Nouns
    - Lexical Verbs
    - Adjectives
    - Adverbs

     Words unstressed in the sentence (Function words):


    - Determiners (articles, demonstratives, etc.)
    - Auxiliary verbs
    - Prepositions
    - Conjuctions
    - Pronouns
    * Unless in emphatic / final position
    The word chocolate comes from the
    language of the Aztecs.
    The word chocolate comes from the
    language of the Aztecs.
    The word chocolate comes from the
    language of the Aztecs.
    I’m talking to you

    What’s that for?


    I’m talking to you

    What’s that for?


     “you”: Strong form  /ju:/ (/jʊ/)
    I’m talking to you
    Weak form  /jə/
    Have you done the homework?

     “that”: Strong form  /ðæt/


    What’s that for?
    Weak form  /ðət/
     Where did you buy that shirt?

     “for”: Strong form  /fɔ:/


    What’s that for?
    Weak form  /fə/
    I have something for Peter.
    When the sound (phoneme) at the
    extreme of a word is influenced by the
    sound before or after it, so that it is
    changed somehow.

    - Progressive: got + that  /gɒt tət/


    - Reciprocal: can’t + you  /kɑ:ntʃə/
    - Regressive: good morning  /ˈgub ˈmɔ:nɪŋ/
    Alveolar consonants changes:
    - Plosives: Alveolar + velar  Velar
    /t/ + /k, g/  /k/
    /d/ + /k,g/  /g/
    Alveolar + bilabial  Bilabial
    /t/ + /p,b,m/  /p/
    /d/ + /p,b,m/  /b/

    - Nasal: Alveolar + velar  Velar


    Alveolar + bilabial  Bilabial

    - Fricatives: Alv. + Palatal (or palato-alv.)  palato-alv.


    Omission of a extreme phoneme in an
    unstressed syllable for phonological reasons

    - Initial /h/ in weak-form words (have, his…)


    Don’t tell her the truth

    - Initial /ɪ/ in verb “is” (similar to contraction)


    The ceremony is finished
    Joining of phonemes in different words up to
    insertion of a phoneme unexistent in isolated
    pronunciation for phonological reasons.
    - Without changing the sound:
    Can I have a bit of egg?

    - Affecting the sound:


    Intrusive /r/: dear Ellen, door open, far away…
    Intrusive /j/: he asked, the end…
    Intrusive /w/: too often, do all…
     Rising Intonation: Yes/No questions
    ◦ Did you meet him yesterday?

     Falling Intonation: Declarative sentences


    ◦ I want a car for my birthday.

    - Wh-questions
    When are you coming?

     Level Intonation: Expressions of surprise,


    boredom…
    There is only a way to handle a woman.
    The trouble is that nobody knows what it is.
    There is only a way to handle a woman.
    The trouble is that nobody knows what it is.
    There is only a way to handle a woman.
    The trouble is that nobody knows what it is.
    There is only a way to handle a woman.
    The trouble is that nobody knows what it is.

    /ˈəʊnlɪ/ /ˈweɪ/ /ˈhændļ/ /ˈwʊmən/


    /ˈtrʌbļ/ /ˈnəʊbədɪ/ /ˈnəʊz/ /ˈwɒt/ /ˈɪz/
    There is only a way to handle a woman.
    The trouble is that nobody knows what it is.

    /ˈəʊnlɪ/ /ˈweɪ/ /ˈhændļ/ /ˈwʊmən/


    /ˈtrʌbļ/ /ˈnəʊbədɪ/ /ˈnəʊz/ /ˈwɒt/ /ˈɪz/

    /ðea/ /ɪz/ /eɪ/ /tu:/ /eɪ/


    /ði:/ /ɪz/ /ðæt/ /ɪt/
    There is only a way to handle a woman.
    The trouble is that nobody knows what it is.

    /ˈəʊnlɪ/ /ˈweɪ/ /ˈhændļ/ /ˈwʊmən/


    /ˈtrʌbļ/ /ˈnəʊbədɪ/ /ˈnəʊz/ /ˈwɒt/ /ˈɪz/

    /ðə/ /(ɪ)z/ /ə/ /tə/ /ə/


    /ðə/ /(ɪ)z/ /ðət/ /ɪt/
    There is only a way to handle a woman.
    The trouble is that nobody knows what it is.

    /ðə ɪz ˈəʊnlɪ ə ˈweɪ tə ˈhændļ ə ˈwʊmən


    ðə ˈtrʌbļ ɪz ðət ˈnəʊbədɪ ˈnəʊz ˈwɒt ɪt
    ˈɪz/
    There is only a way to handle a woman.
    The trouble is that nobody knows what it is.

    /ðə ɪz ˈəʊnlɪ ə ˈweɪ tə ˈhændļ ə ˈwʊmən


    ðə ˈtrʌbļ ɪz ðət ˈnəʊbədɪ ˈnəʊz ˈwɒt ɪt
    ˈɪz/
    There is only a way to handle a woman.
    The trouble is that nobody knows what it is.

    /ðə ɪz ˈəʊnlɪ ə ˈweɪ tə ˈhændļ ə ˈwʊmən


    ðə ˈtrʌbļz ðət ˈnəʊbədɪ ˈnəʊz ˈwɒt ɪt
    ˈɪz/
    There is only a way to handle a woman.
    The trouble is that nobody knows what it is.

    /ðə ɪz ˈəʊnlɪ ə ˈweɪ tə ˈhændļ ə ˈwʊmən


    ðə ˈtrʌbļz ðət ˈnəʊbədɪ ˈnəʊz ˈwɒt ɪt
    ˈɪz/
    There is only a way to handle a woman.
    The trouble is that nobody knows what it is.

    /ðərɪz ˈəʊnlɪ ə ˈweɪ tə ˈhændļ ə ˈwʊmən


    ðə ˈtrʌbļz ðət ˈnəʊbədɪ ˈnəʊz ˈwɒt ɪt
    ˈɪz/
    There is only a way to handle a woman.
    The trouble is that nobody knows what it is.

    /ðərɪz ˈəʊnlɪ ə ˈweɪ tə ˈhændļ ə ˈwʊmən


    ‖ ðə ˈtrʌbļz ðət ˈnəʊbədɪ ˈnəʊz ˈwɒt ɪt
    ˈɪz/

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