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    102 Deep Oceans

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    Wiwi Nawir
    The document discusses the deep oceans. It notes that the Earth has two types of crust: thick, light granitic crust under continents and thin, dense basaltic crust under oceans. It describes how scientists probe the seafloor using coring, drilling, sonar, and other methods. Features on the seafloor and continental margins are shaped by plate tectonics, and submarine landslides influence continental slopes. Sediment in deep oceans originates from eroded continental material and marine organisms.

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    102 Deep Oceans

    Uploaded by

    Wiwi Nawir
    28 views25 pages
    The document discusses the deep oceans. It notes that the Earth has two types of crust: thick, light granitic crust under continents and thin, dense basaltic crust under oceans. It describes how scientists probe the seafloor using coring, drilling, sonar, and other methods. Features on the seafloor and continental margins are shaped by plate tectonics, and submarine landslides influence continental slopes. Sediment in deep oceans originates from eroded continental material and marine organisms.

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    The document discusses the deep oceans. It notes that the Earth has two types of crust: thick, light granitic crust under continents and thin, dense basaltic crust under oceans. It describes how scientists probe the seafloor using coring, drilling, sonar, and other methods. Features on the seafloor and continental margins are shaped by plate tectonics, and submarine landslides influence continental slopes. Sediment in deep oceans originates from eroded continental material and marine organisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    28 views25 pages

    102 Deep Oceans

    Uploaded by

    Wiwi Nawir
    The document discusses the deep oceans. It notes that the Earth has two types of crust: thick, light granitic crust under continents and thin, dense basaltic crust under oceans. It describes how scientists probe the seafloor using coring, drilling, sonar, and other methods. Features on the seafloor and continental margins are shaped by plate tectonics, and submarine landslides influence continental slopes. Sediment in deep oceans originates from eroded continental material and marine organisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    The Deep Oceans

    Take-Away Points
    1. The earth has two kinds of crust
    2. Continents have thick, light, granitic crust,
    Oceans have thin, dense, basaltic crust
    3. How we probe the sea floor
    4. Features on the sea floor and edges of
    continents are products of plate tectonics
    5. Submarine landslides are important on
    continental margins
    6. Deep ocean sediment comes from the
    continents and marine organisms
    The Two-
    Story Planet

    1. The earth has two kinds of crust


    Earth Has Two Kinds of Crust

    2. Continents have thick, light, granitic crust, Oceans have thin, dense, basaltic crust
    Continental and Oceanic Crust
    Continental Crust (Granitic)
    Residue of Long-Continued Partial Melting
    Thick and Light
    Ancient: > 2.5 b.y.
    Oceanic Crust (Basaltic)
    Derived Directly From Mantle
    Thin and Dense
    Young: < 200 m.y.

    2. Continents have thick, light, granitic crust, Oceans have thin, dense, basaltic crust
    Investigating the Sea Floor

    Coring
    Deep-Sea Drilling
    Sonar
    Seismic Refraction
    Gravity Surveys
    Magnetic Surveys

    3. How we probe the sea floor


    Piston Coring

    3. How we probe the sea floor


    Deep Ocean Drilling
    Project Mohole
    Original Intent: Drill to Earths Mantle
    Drill in Oceans where Crust is Thinnest
    Hidden Agenda: Complete History of Oceans
    Challenge: Replacing Drill Bits in 5 km of
    Water
    Plate Tectonics Showed that Mantle is
    Exposed in a Number of Places
    3. How we probe the sea floor
    Deep Ocean Drilling
    Original Objective Abandoned
    Renamed Deep Sea Drilling Program
    Now Called Ocean Drilling Program

    3. How we probe the sea floor


    Sonar

    3. How we probe the sea floor


    Seismic Refraction

    3. How we probe the sea floor


    Makeup of Ocean Crust

    4. Features on the sea floor and edges of continents are products of plate tectonics
    Anatomy of a Mid-Ocean Ridge
    Continental Margins
    Shelf
    Slope
    Rise
    Active: Subduction Zones. Sometimes Called
    Leading Edge
    Passive: No Subduction. Sometimes Called
    Rifted or Trailing Edge

    4. Features on the sea floor and edges of continents are products of plate tectonics
    A Continental Margin

    4. Features on the sea floor and edges of continents are products of plate tectonics
    Evolution of a Passive Margin

    4. Features on the sea floor and edges of continents are products of plate tectonics
    Anatomy of a Passive Margin

    4. Features on the sea floor and edges of continents are products of plate tectonics
    Features of the Deep Ocean
    Mid-Ocean Ridges
    Abyssal Plains
    Fracture Zones
    Oceanic Trenches
    Seamounts
    Submarine Canyons
    Submarine Fans
    4. Features on the sea floor and edges of continents are products of plate tectonics
    Crest of
    the Mid-
    Atlantic
    Ridge

    4. Features on the sea floor and edges of continents are products of plate tectonics
    Sea-Floor
    Spreading,
    Mid-Atlantic
    Ridge

    1. Features on the sea floor and edges of continents are products of plate tectonics
    Turbidity Flows Grand Banks, 1929

    5. Submarine landslides are important on continental margins


    Where Sediment Comes From

    6. Deep ocean sediment comes from the continents and marine organisms
    Atlantic Sediments
    Deep Ocean Sediments

    6. Deep ocean sediment comes from the continents and marine organisms
    Take-Away Points
    1. The earth has two kinds of crust
    2. Continents have thick, light, granitic crust,
    Oceans have thin, dense, basaltic crust
    3. How we probe the sea floor
    4. Features on the sea floor and edges of
    continents are products of plate tectonics
    5. Submarine landslides are important on
    continental margins
    6. Deep ocean sediment comes from the
    continents and marine organisms

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