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    Radiation Biology: Cellular Sensitivity To Radiation

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    Louella Artates
    This document discusses the cellular sensitivity to radiation. It states that actively dividing cells are most sensitive to radiation because they require intact DNA to reproduce. Less sensitive are differentiating cells that are no longer dividing. Fully differentiated cells like neurons that do not divide are the least sensitive. The most sensitive cell types include blood, reproductive, and gastrointestinal cells while nerve and muscle cells are the least sensitive. Cells can repair damage from radiation but may die, reproduce with mutations, or develop into tumors.

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    Radiation Biology: Cellular Sensitivity To Radiation

    Uploaded by

    Louella Artates
    55 views18 pages
    This document discusses the cellular sensitivity to radiation. It states that actively dividing cells are most sensitive to radiation because they require intact DNA to reproduce. Less sensitive are differentiating cells that are no longer dividing. Fully differentiated cells like neurons that do not divide are the least sensitive. The most sensitive cell types include blood, reproductive, and gastrointestinal cells while nerve and muscle cells are the least sensitive. Cells can repair damage from radiation but may die, reproduce with mutations, or develop into tumors.

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    Original Title

    RAD BIO LEC 2

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    This document discusses the cellular sensitivity to radiation. It states that actively dividing cells are most sensitive to radiation because they require intact DNA to reproduce. Less sensitive are differentiating cells that are no longer dividing. Fully differentiated cells like neurons that do not divide are the least sensitive. The most sensitive cell types include blood, reproductive, and gastrointestinal cells while nerve and muscle cells are the least sensitive. Cells can repair damage from radiation but may die, reproduce with mutations, or develop into tumors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    55 views18 pages

    Radiation Biology: Cellular Sensitivity To Radiation

    Uploaded by

    Louella Artates
    This document discusses the cellular sensitivity to radiation. It states that actively dividing cells are most sensitive to radiation because they require intact DNA to reproduce. Less sensitive are differentiating cells that are no longer dividing. Fully differentiated cells like neurons that do not divide are the least sensitive. The most sensitive cell types include blood, reproductive, and gastrointestinal cells while nerve and muscle cells are the least sensitive. Cells can repair damage from radiation but may die, reproduce with mutations, or develop into tumors.

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    RADIATION

    BIOLOGY
    Lecture 2:
    CELLULAR SENSITIVITY TO
    RADIATION
    CELLULAR SENSITIVITY TO RADIATION
    Not all living cells are equally sensitive to
    radiation.

    Those cells which are actively reproducing


    are more sensitive than those which are
    not.
    CELLULAR SENSITIVITY TO RADIATION
    This is because dividing cells require
    correct DNA information in order for the
    cells offspring to survive.

    A direct interaction of radiation with an


    active cell could result in the death or
    mutation of the cell, whereas a direct
    interaction with the DNA of a dormant cell
    would have less of an effect.
    CELLULAR SENSITIVITY TO RADIATION
    As a result, living cells can be classified
    according to their rate of reproduction,
    which also indicates their relative
    sensitivity to radiation.

    This means that different cell systems have


    different sensitivities.
    Most Sensitive
    Vegetative (dividing) cells (inter-mitotic cells)
    Stem cells of bone marrow
    Intestinal crypt cells
    Basal cells of epidermis
    Primitive spermatogonia in semineferous
    tubules
    Granulosa cells
    Germinal cells of the epidermis
    Germinal cells of the gastric glands
    Moderately Sensitive
    Differentiating (non-dividing) cells
    Osteoblasts
    Chondrocytes (in cartilage)
    Endothelial cells lining the blood vessels
    Spermatids
    Fibroblasts
    Least Sensitive
    Fully differentiated and non-dividing cells
    Neurons
    Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac myocytes
    Erythrocytes
    Spermatozoa
    LYMPHOCYTES AND CELLS WHICH
    PRODUCE BLOOD

    Are constantly regenerating, and therefor

    MOST SENSITIVE
    Reproductive and
    gastrointestinal cells
    are not regenerating as quickly and are

    LESS SENSITIVE
    nerve and muscle cells
    are the slowest to regenerate and are the

    LEAST SENSITIVE
    Cell repair/ damage
    Cells, like the human body, have a tremendous ability to
    repair damage. As a result, not all radiation effects are
    irreversible. In many instances, the cells are able to
    completely repair any damage and function normally.
    Cell repair/ damage
    If the damage is severe enough, the affected cell dies.
    In some instances, the cell is damaged but is still able to
    reproduce. The daughter cells, however, may be lacking
    in some critical life-sustaining component, and they die.
    Cell repair/ damage
    The other possible result of radiation exposure is that
    the cell is affected in such a way that it does not die but
    is simply mutated

    The mutated cell reproduces and thus perpetuates the


    mutation.

    This could be the beginning of a malignant tumor.


    FATE OF IRRADIATED CELL
    Irradiation of a cell will result in one of the following four possible
    outcomes:

    (1) No effect
    (2) Division delay: the cell is delayed from going through division.
    (3) Apoptosis: the cell dies before it can divide or afterwards by
    fragmentation into smaller bodies which are taken up by
    neighbouring cells.
    (4) Reproductive failure: the cell dies when attempting the first or
    subsequent mitosis.
    Organ sensitivity
    The sensitivity of the various organs of the
    human body correlate with the relative
    sensitivity of the cells from which they are
    composed.

    For example, since the blood forming cells


    were one of the most sensitive cells due to
    their rapid regeneration rate, the blood
    forming organs are one of the most sensitive
    organs to radiation.
    Organ sensitivity
    Muscle and nerve cells were relatively
    insensitive to radiation, and therefore, so
    are the muscles and the brain.

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