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    Project - Aids and Cancer

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    Mihir Sagar
    AIDS is a late-stage HIV infection where the immune system is too weak to fight off infections and diseases. It can be diagnosed when the CD4 count drops below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood. While there is no cure for AIDS, antiretroviral therapy can control the virus and allow those infected to live relatively healthy lives. Cancer refers to uncontrolled cell growth and can be either benign or malignant. Malignant cancer cells invade other tissues and metastasize to other parts of the body. Causes include carcinogens and oncogenes, while detection methods include biopsy and imaging tests. Treatments include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

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    Project - Aids and Cancer

    Uploaded by

    Mihir Sagar
    42 views6 pages
    AIDS is a late-stage HIV infection where the immune system is too weak to fight off infections and diseases. It can be diagnosed when the CD4 count drops below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood. While there is no cure for AIDS, antiretroviral therapy can control the virus and allow those infected to live relatively healthy lives. Cancer refers to uncontrolled cell growth and can be either benign or malignant. Malignant cancer cells invade other tissues and metastasize to other parts of the body. Causes include carcinogens and oncogenes, while detection methods include biopsy and imaging tests. Treatments include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

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    AIDS is a late-stage HIV infection where the immune system is too weak to fight off infections and diseases. It can be diagnosed when the CD4 count drops below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood. While there is no cure for AIDS, antiretroviral therapy can control the virus and allow those infected to live relatively healthy lives. Cancer refers to uncontrolled cell growth and can be either benign or malignant. Malignant cancer cells invade other tissues and metastasize to other parts of the body. Causes include carcinogens and oncogenes, while detection methods include biopsy and imaging tests. Treatments include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views6 pages

    Project - Aids and Cancer

    Uploaded by

    Mihir Sagar
    AIDS is a late-stage HIV infection where the immune system is too weak to fight off infections and diseases. It can be diagnosed when the CD4 count drops below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood. While there is no cure for AIDS, antiretroviral therapy can control the virus and allow those infected to live relatively healthy lives. Cancer refers to uncontrolled cell growth and can be either benign or malignant. Malignant cancer cells invade other tissues and metastasize to other parts of the body. Causes include carcinogens and oncogenes, while detection methods include biopsy and imaging tests. Treatments include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    AIDS

    AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is a disease caused by the HIV virus. In this
    condition, a person’s immune system becomes too weak to fight any kind of infection or disease.
    AIDS is usually the last stage of HIV infection; a stage where the body can no longer defend itself
    and thus spawns various diseases. AIDS, when untreated, leads to death.

    AIDS is an advanced HIV infection or late-stage HIV. Someone with AIDS may develop a wide
    range of health conditions like – pneumonia, thrush, fungal infections, TB, toxoplasmosis.
    There is also an increased risk of developing a medical illness like cancer and brain illnesses.
    CD4 count refers to the number of T-lymphocytes in a cubic millimetre of blood. A person may be
    referred to as “AIDS-affected” when the CD4 count drops below 200 cells per cubic millimetre of
    blood.
    Also Read: Difference between AIDS and HIV

    Symptoms of AIDS
    As AIDS is a virus infection, the symptoms related to acute HIV infection can be similar to flu or
    other viral illnesses, like –

    • Fever
    • Muscle & Joint Pain
    • Chilis
    • Headaches
    • Sore throat
    • Night Sweats
    • Red rashes
    • Mouth sores
    • Tiredness
    • Swollen lymph glands
    • Weakness
    • Weight Loss
    • Diarrhoea
    Symptoms of late-stage HIV infection may include –

    • Blurred vision
    • Persistent or Chronic Diarrhea
    • Dry cough
    • Fever of above 37 degrees Centigrade (100 degrees Fahrenheit)
    • Night Sweats
    • Permanent tiredness
    • Shortness of breath
    • Swollen glands lasting for weeks
    • Weight loss
    • White spots on the tongue or mouth

    Cure for AIDS


    There is no specific or perfect cure for AIDS, but with proper diagnosis, treatment and support,
    one can fight it and live a relatively healthy and happy life. One needs to take treatment correctly
    and deal with any possible side-effects.
    Medicines are used to stop the virus from multiplying. One major treatment for HIV/AIDS is
    called antiretroviral therapy (ART).

    Cancer
    Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases of human beings and is a major cause of
    death all over the world. Normal cells show a property called contact inhibition by
    virtue of which contact with other cells inhibit their uncontrolled growth. Cancer cells
    lost this property.

    Cell
    Normal Cells Cancer Cells
    Characteristics

    Cancer cells have a large


    variety of sizes and shapes
    Normal cells have The nucleuses have irregular
    Morphology
    uniform shapes and sizes structure and have relatively
    small cytoplasm.

    Cells stop dividing when too


    much of its kind are present.
    These cells grow and divide
    in a controlled manner and
    follow a predictable life
    Cancer cells don’t stop
    cycle.
    Reproduction growing resulting to
    and Cell Death appearance of a tumor ( a
    Normal cells undergo the
    cluster of mutant cells)
    process of apoptosis – self
    destruction if they detect
    abnormalities and damage
    in their organelles.

    Normal cells communicate


    Cancer cells do not
    Communication with each other for proper
    communicate with each other
    functioning.

    Cancer cells lose the


    molecules that keep cells
    These cells have external bonded together.
    Adhesion and
    membranes that allow them These cells have the ability to
    Invasion
    to bond with other cells. invade or spread to other
    parts of the body by
    travelling through the blood
    stream or the lymphatic
    system – metastasis.

    Cancer cells do not mature,


    and undergo apoptosis.
    Normal cells start out as Instead these cells become
    immature cells and mature immature overtime.
    Specialization
    with certain specialized Cancer cells are primitive and
    functions. they don’t have specialized
    functions.

    Normal cells recognize Cancer cells don’t recognize


    Signal signals. They know when signals. Hence these cells
    Recognition there are enough new cells erratically reproduce mutated
    and stops dividing. cells.

    Cancerous cells continue to divide giving rise to masses of cells called tumors. There
    are two kind so tumors-

    (a) Benign tumors

    (b) Malignant tumors

    Benign Tumor Malignant Tumor

    1. It remains confined to the 1. It also spreads to other organs of


    affected organ. the body.

    2. Rate of growth is usually slow. 2. Rate of growth is usually rapid.

    3. There is no latent stage. 3. There is latent stage.

    4. It causes limited damage to 4. The cancer cells migrate to other


    the body. sites of the body.

    5. There is no metastasis. 5. There is metastasis.

    6. It is non-cancerous. 6. It is cancerous.
    Causes of cancer – cancerous neoplastic cell may be induced by physical, chemical
    and biological agents called carcinogens. Cancer causing viruses called oncogenic
    virus have gene called viral oncogenes. Several genes called cellular oncogenes (c-
    onc) or proto oncogenes have been identified in normal cells which, when activated
    under certain conditions, could lead to oncogenic transformation of the cells.

    Cancer detection and diagnosis-cancer detection is based on biopsy and


    histopathological study of the tissues, blood and bone marrow test for increased cell
    counts. Radiography, CT (computed tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance
    imaging) are very useful to cancers of internal organs.

    Treatment of Cancer-

    1. Surgical – cancerous tissues are surgically removed.


    2. Radiotherapy – tumor cells are irradiated lethally by radiation.
    3. Chemotherapy – drugs are used to kill cancerous cells, but shows side effects
    like hair loss, anemia, etc.
    4. Immunotherapy – patients are given with alpha-interferon which activate their
    immune system and help in destroying the tumor

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