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    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY - NOAA Hydro Training 2009

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    Tony Thomas
    Hydrography is the science of measuring and mapping the physical features of bodies of water. It involves collecting data on bathymetry, tides, currents, and seafloor characteristics. This data is important for safe navigation, port and coastal management, offshore development, and research. NOAA is responsible for hydrographic surveying in U.S. waters to support nautical charting and provides hydrographic data to the U.S. Navy to ensure the safety of maritime commerce and respond to threats.

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    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY - NOAA Hydro Training 2009

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    Tony Thomas
    48 views32 pages
    Hydrography is the science of measuring and mapping the physical features of bodies of water. It involves collecting data on bathymetry, tides, currents, and seafloor characteristics. This data is important for safe navigation, port and coastal management, offshore development, and research. NOAA is responsible for hydrographic surveying in U.S. waters to support nautical charting and provides hydrographic data to the U.S. Navy to ensure the safety of maritime commerce and respond to threats.

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    Hydrography is the science of measuring and mapping the physical features of bodies of water. It involves collecting data on bathymetry, tides, currents, and seafloor characteristics. This data is important for safe navigation, port and coastal management, offshore development, and research. NOAA is responsible for hydrographic surveying in U.S. waters to support nautical charting and provides hydrographic data to the U.S. Navy to ensure the safety of maritime commerce and respond to threats.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    48 views32 pages

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY - NOAA Hydro Training 2009

    Uploaded by

    Tony Thomas
    Hydrography is the science of measuring and mapping the physical features of bodies of water. It involves collecting data on bathymetry, tides, currents, and seafloor characteristics. This data is important for safe navigation, port and coastal management, offshore development, and research. NOAA is responsible for hydrographic surveying in U.S. waters to support nautical charting and provides hydrographic data to the U.S. Navy to ensure the safety of maritime commerce and respond to threats.

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    of 32

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY
    Hydrographyisthescienceofmeasuringand
    depictingthoseparametersthatarenecessary
    todescribe
    theprecisenatureandconfigurationoftheseabed
    itsgeographicalrelationshiptothelandmass
    thecharacteristicsanddynamicsofthesea.
    Theparametersencompassbathymetry,geology,
    geophysics,tides,currents,waves,andcertainother
    physicalpropertiesofseawater

    Hydrographic surveying is the art of collecting


    hydrographic data utilizing a skillful blend of
    systems and field methodologies. Not something
    which can be learned in a classroom!
    (USM and UNB Intro to Hydrography, GGE1001)

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    THREE ASPECTS

    Coastal hydrography is concerned with the development of ports and


    harbours, coastal erosion problems, the utilization of harbour and coastal
    conservation services and, especially, the safety of navigation in coastal
    waters.

    Off-shore hydrography is concerned with (a) the provision of hydrographic


    data as an extension of the coastal zone normally encompassing the
    continental shelf, (b) the development of mineral deposits, including
    hydrocarbons, and (c) provision of data for fisheries management.

    Oceanic hydrography is concerned with the acquisition of hydrographic data


    in the deep ocean areas for the depiction of sea-floor geomorphology.

    (USM and UNB Intro to Hydrography, GGE1001)

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    2001 New Definition of Hydrography

    Hydrographyisthetotalsetofspatialdataandinformation,
    andtheappliedscienceofitsacquisition,maintainingand
    processing,necessarytodescribethetopographical,physical
    anddynamicalnatureofthehydrosphereanditsbordersto
    thesolidearth,andtheassociatedfacilitiesandstructures.
    Task:dataacquisition(butnotjustbathymetry)
    Purpose:distributinginformation(forinformeddecision
    making),ratherthanconstructingproducts.
    HorstHecht,FederalMaritimeandHydrographicAgencyofGermany
    (BundesamtfrSeeschiffahrtundHydrographie),May2001:

    (USM and UNB Intro to Hydrography, GGE1001)

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    Data acquisition

    Geophysical Echo
    measurements sounding

    Coast
    lining Waterlevel
    measurements n i n g
    Pos i t io
    Sweep
    coverage
    Shore
    control

    (USM and UNB Intro to Hydrography, GGE1001)

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    Depth measurement types
    (USM and UNB Intro to Hydrography, GGE1001)
    P o in t L e ad
    line
    S w ee p M e cha nica l
    w i r e / b a r
    sw e e p
    P r o fi le V e r t i c a l
    b e am
    so u n d e r
    A n o m a ly d e t e c t io n I n sp e c t ( R O V ,
    / i d e n t i fi c a t i o n d i v e r ,c a m e r a )
    A rea A c o u st ic sw e e p ( n o d e p th s ) S i d e sc a n
    M u l t i b e a m M a g n e t ic
    L I D A R T I B S

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    NOAA Hydrographic Fleet
    RAINIER
    Seattle, WA
    1968 S/V BAY
    HYDROGRAPHER
    Solomons, MD

    FAIRWEATHER
    Ketchikan, AK
    1968, (2004)

    NRTs 6 teams
    Nationwide
    THOMAS JEFFERSON
    Norfolk, VA (1992)

    NOAAs Ocean Service

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    A Brief History of NOAA Hydrography

    Ferdinand Hassler appointed first superintendent


    of the Survey of the Coast in 1816, when first
    survey work began. (First soundings were not
    collected until 1834!).
    During the Civil War, all CS resources used to
    support the war effort (earliest roots of NOAA
    Corps.commissioned officers needed to lead
    field parties because survey parties were attached
    to various Army and Navy commands. All Navy
    officers were used in the war effort, so officer
    status was given to civilians who were leading
    survey parties.).

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    A Brief History of NOAA Hydrography

    In 1917 (during WWI), the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey


    commissioned officer corps was created as Army and Navy
    officers were used in the war effort.
    WWII: USC&GS used to survey South Pacific Islands in
    advance of Marine landings, etc (hostile fire).
    In 1966, USC&GS was assimilated into a new agency called
    ESSA, along with the National Weather Bureau.
    In 1970, ESSA was combined with the Bureau of
    Commercial Fisheries, Environmental Data Service,
    National Satellite Center, and Research Libraries, to create
    NOAA. USC&GS became the National Ocean Service.
    1982: Office of Charting and Geodetic Services. 1991: U.S.
    Coast and Geodetic Survey. 1994: Office of Coast Survey.

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    Hydrographic Data Types
    Bathymetry : measure of the deep, data provides
    depth contours of the bottom surface.
    X,Y = positioning data from Global Positioning
    System (GPS)
    Z = sounding data from echosounder.
    Measures depth of water by time it takes for
    sound to transmit and return to transducer.
    Time = data used to correct for water level (tide)
    at time of data collection
    Features: data points, lines, and areas acquired to
    delineate natural and man-made charted
    features.

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    Why Hydrography is Important

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    SAFE NAVIGATION

    National Spatial
    Reference System
    Nautical Charts
    Tides and Currents

    Hydrographic Surveys

    Research and
    Development
    Models and New Technologies

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    NOAAs Charting Responsibility

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    WHO IS RESPONSIBLE

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    Historical Perspective

    98% by tonnage of all U.S. commer


    45% by value (about $500 billion)
    50% is hazardous materials

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    Size of vessels

    Ships now are limited by height, draft, and width of


    channel.

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    Bigger, Taller, Longer Ships

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    Homeland Security

    The Nations ability to quickly respond to an intelligence report that a mine


    has been laid on the bottom of a major U.S. harbor is critical to the
    continuous flow of maritime commerce.
    If a threat condition occurred, the Navy will use the survey data as a
    baseline of pre-existing objects so they can utilize their mine counter-
    measure assets more effectively to determine if a mine has been placed on
    the seafloor.

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    Underwater Port Security

    NOAA Hydrographic Ships and Navigation


    Response Teams have the specialized capability
    to collect high resolution imagery of shipping
    channels.
    The Oceanographer of the Navy requested NOAA Klein 5000
    to provide side scan sonar imagery of shipping
    channels and harbors to NAVO. Side Scan Sonar
    NOAA collected data at 34 strategic commercial
    ports.
    NAVO collected data at 14 military ports.
    NAVO to process and store data.

    Detailed Side Scan


    Sonar Imagery

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSES

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    Critical Areas and Priorities
    Defined by apparent risk of incident due to:
    Volume, density of traffic, and UKC in relation to bottom type
    Age/adequacy of surveys
    Petroleum or HAZMAT transport through region
    Requests from maritime interests; i.e. USCG, Pilots
    Associations, Port Authorities, etc.
    Approximately 30,000 SNM critical area remaining
    nationwide
    NOAA, through ships and contractors, survey
    approximately 1300 - 1600 SNM/year with existing
    resources and funding levels

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    NOAA Hydrographic Fleet
    RAINIER
    Seattle, WA S/V BAY
    (1968)
    HYDROGRAPHER
    Solomons, MD

    FAIRWEATHER
    Ketchikan, AK
    1968, (2004)

    NRTs 6 teams
    Nationwide
    THOMAS JEFFERSON
    Norfolk, VA (1992)

    NOAAs Ocean Service


    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009
    Other Hydro-capable NOAA vessels

    NANCY FOSTER GLORIA MICHELLE


    OSCAR DYSON

    HENRY BIGELOW
    RONALD BROWN
    HIIALAKAI
    NOAAs Ocean Service
    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009
    SIDE-SCAN SONAR

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    Shallow Water Multibeam

    < TABLE>

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    Phase Differencing Bathymetric Sonar

    Benthos C3D
    GeoSwath Klein 5410

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    Bottom Coverage & Vintage
    by Survey Method

    Leadline Single Beam Multi Beam

    Pre - 1940 1940 - 1998 1998 - Present

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    NOAAs Navigation Services: Nautical Charting

    Annual Coast Pilot & Weekly Chart


    Updates
    1000 Paper Charts and Raster
    Nautical Charts
    998 Print-on-Demand
    380 Electronic Navigational Charts
    (ENCs) posted on the web

    6 Navigation Response Teams


    Additional teams planned

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    NOAAs Navigation Services: Navigation Response
    Teams

    Electronic Navigation
    Charts

    Navigation Response
    Teams

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    NOAAs Ocean Service

    ENCs integrated with Coast Pilot data


    NRT coverage of the contiguous U.S.
    Addressing the survey backlog with new technologies:
    LIDAR, AUVs, high speed ship launches
    Quality Assurance Program
    Chart of the Future (UNH Joint Hydrographic Center)
    Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) for
    Shoreline/Remote Sensing
    Streamlining Data Pipeline (survey to chart in 3 mos.)

    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009


    NOAAs Office of Coast Survey

    Critical to an MTS Capable of


    Supporting U.S. Economic
    Growth
    www.noaa.gov
    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009
    WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY NOAA Hydro Training 2009

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