Hydrography

Hydrographic Surveys

IHO
Hydrographic Surveys in the Philippines

I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

Hydrography
WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY?

I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

Hydrography
That branch of applied science which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of the navigable portion of the EARTHs surface and adjoining coastal areas, with special reference to their use for the purpose of NAVIGATION.
(IHO Pub. S-32)

International Hydrographic

I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

Organization

IHO

An international body representing the hydrographic community. An intergovernmental consultative and technical organization established in 1921 to support safety of navigation and the protection of the marine environment. It presently has 80 member countries and 84 hydrographic offices.

I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

IHO
The goals of the IHO include the following: Coordination of the activities of national hydrographic offices Uniformity in nautical charts and documents Adoption of reliable and efficient methods of carrying out hydrographic surveys Development of the science and techniques in the field of Hydrography

I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

Hydrography AS A MULTI-

DISCIPLINARY SCIENCE

I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

Hydrographic Surveys
- deals with the configuration of the bottom and adjacent land areas of oceans, lakes, rivers, harbours, and other water forms on Earth. - In strict sense, it is defined merely as the surveying of a water area;

- it may include a wide variety of other objectives such as measurements of tides, current, gravity, earth magnetism, and determination of the physical and chemical properties of water.

I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

Hydrographic Surveys
The principal objective of most hydrographic surveys is to obtain basic data for the compilation of nautical charts with emphasis on the features that may affect safe navigation. Other objectives include acquiring the information necessary for related marine navigational products and for coastal zone management, engineering, and science.

I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

Hydrographic Survey

I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

Hydrographic Survey

Early Hydrographic Survey Methods

Lead Line/Sounding Pole Wire Drag Bar Sweep

I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

Hydrographic Surveys in the Philippines

In the Philippines
Hydrography Department in the past

1900 the US Coast and Geodetic Survey created a Manila Field Station for the conduct of geodetic, hydrographic and topographic surveys in the country. 1939 the Bureau of Coast and Geodetic Survey (BCGS) of the Philippines was organized together with the Department of National Defense thru EO No. 230 1987 BCGS was merged with three other agencies forming NAMRIA

I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

Hydrographic Surveys in the Philippines

Still Old Coast and Geodetic Survey Office

Old Coast and Geodetic Survey Office

I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

Hydrographic Surveys in the Philippines

Steamer Ship Research (1901-1917) Ship Pathfinder (1902-1932/1938-1941) Ship Fathomer (1902-1938) Steamer Marinduque (1905-1932) Steamer Romblon (1905-1932) Ship Tulip (1947-1960) Ship Orchid (1947-1983)

The survey vessels...

M/V Cowie (1947-1959) M/V Alber (1947-1969) RPS Samar (1960-1975) RPS Arinya (1962-1997) RPS Arlunya (1964-1996) RPS Atyimba (1969-1996) BRPH Presbitero (1998-present) BRPH Ventura (1999-present)

I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

Hydrographic Surveys in the Philippines

Hydrography Department at present

is the sole IHO recognized hydrographic office of the country mandated to conduct hydrographic survey of the Philippine waters.
It is responsible in the delimitation of maritime boundaries

of the country, charting of national maritime jurisdictions for safety of navigation, and management of maritime boundaries.
Its current projects include hydrographic survey of ports and

harbors, sea lanes, exclusive economic zone, and potential extended continental shelf.

1. SURVEY PLANNING 2. DATA GATHERING 3. DATA PROCESSING 4. CHARTS / ENC PRODUCTION

II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES

1. SURVEY PLANNING
Survey planning covers a wide range of activities from the development of an idea for a survey within

the Hydrographic Office and its subsequent issue as Project Instructions / Hydrographic Instructions (HIs), to the detailed planning and organization of a surveying ship to fulfill a practical task.
Exact area of the survey Type of survey and scale to meet standards of chart to be

produced Platforms available Support work required (geodetics and tides)

II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES

1. SURVEY PLANNING

II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES

1. SURVEY PLANNING

Planned Survey Lines

Tagbilaran City Port (Maribojoc Bay)

2. DATA GATHERING Hydrographic Data Checklist

OFFSHORE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
- water depth - sound velocity profile - bottom sample HARBOUR/ INSHORE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY - water depth - Tide data - sound velocity profile - bottom sample

II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES

- other data required by hydrographic instructions

2. DATA GATHERING

II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES

Hydrographic Survey Ship

2. DATA GATHERING

II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES

Hydrographic Survey Vessels

Hydrographic Survey Launch
- for shallow (200m below) multibeam survey

2. DATA GATHERING

II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES

Hydrographic Survey Vessels

Aluminum Survey Skiff

- for shallow water (20m 1m) single
survey beam

SURVEY SYSTEMS CONFIGURATION OF BRPH PRESBITERO AND VENTURA Satellite Communication (INMARSAT) Satellite Navigation (GPS)

DGPS Reference Station

Magnetic Intensity

Gravity CTD & Water Expendable Meter Sensors Sampler Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Multi-Beam Contour Mapping System

HEADING & DYNAMIC MOTION SENSOR SUB-BOTTOM PROFILER

SINGLE BEAM DEPTH SOUNDER & SEDIMENT CLASSIFICATION

II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES

2. DATA GATHERING
Tide Staff

Installation Tide data downloading

Shallow Multibeam Hydrographic Survey Vessel System

Data Acquisition

Reson Seabat 8101 Sonar

Hydrographic Survey Launch Hypack and Reson Seabat 8101 Sonar Monitor

II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES

2. DATA GATHERING Raw Data

Tagbilaran City Port (Maribojoc Bay)

II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES

3. DATA PROCESSING

Position Depth Corrections Attitude Corrections Sound Velocity Profiling Merging of position and depths

II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES

4. CHARTS / ENC PRODUCTION

II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES

4. CHARTS / ENC PRODUCTION

ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL CHART

ENC is the database containing base information from paper charts and relevant supplementary information for use with Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS).

Sample of available ENC from HD

II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES

4. CHARTS / ENC PRODUCTION

Other Publications

a.

SOUNDING METHODS b. POSITIONING

c. OCEANOGRAPHY d. DATA CORRECTION e. OTHER MODERN HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY METHOD

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

a. SOUNDING METHODS

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

a. SOUNDING METHODS
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF ECHOSOUNDING
Echosounding works on the basic principle that a sound produce near the surface of water will travel to the bottom in the form of sound wave and be reflected back to the sonar in the form of echo. The transducer will record the time of return of echo and measure the time interval . Using the measured time interval and sound velocity in water column the transducer will calculate and register the depth of water.

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

a. SOUNDING METHODS
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF ECHOSOUNDING

Distance = (0.5xTravel Time) x (Sound Velocity)

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

a. SOUNDING METHODS

Single Beam Echo

Sounder

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

a. SOUNDING METHODS

BATHY 500 ECHO SOUNDER

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

a. SOUNDING METHODS

Multibeam Echo Sounder (MBES)

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

a. SOUNDING METHODS
SEABEAM 2100
- for offshore multibeam surveying - up to 11,000 meter depth

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

a. SOUNDING METHODS

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

b. POSITIONING
Space Segment

SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Monitor Stations
Diego Garcia Ascension Is. Kwajalein Hawaii

User Segment

Colorado Springs Colorado Springs

Control Segment

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

c. OCEANOGRAPHY Tides, Datums, and Water Levels

c. OCEANOGRAPHY
EXISTING TIDE STATIONS OPERATIONAL - 2006 2007 PRS TIDE STATIONS OPERATIONAL
BANGUI SAN VICENTE

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

TIDE STATIONS
BATANES CURRIMAO PALANAN SAN FERNANDO LINGAYEN CASIGURAN BALER

2008 PRS TIDE STATIONS OPERATIONAL 2009 PRS TIDE STATIONS IN PROGRESS 2010 PRS TIDE STATIONS PROPOSED

MASINLOC MANILA REAL

33 operational tide stations

SUBIC MARIVELES LUBANG

POLILIO DAET VIRAC LEGASPI BULAN MATNOG CATBALOGAN SAN POLICARPIO BORONGAN BOGO CEBU GUIUAN

PUERTO AZUL

BATANGAS CALAPAN MAMBURAO SAN JOSE CATICLAN CUYO

LUCENA BALANACAN PASACAO ROMBLON

CORON EL NIDO

MASBATE ROXAS

DUMANGAS SJ BUENVISTA

SAN CARLOS ORMOC CEBU LILOAN SIARGAO SURIGAO CAMIGUIN TANDAG

BALINTANG

PUERTO PRINCESA

PULUPANDAN SIPALAY DUMAGUETE

TAGBILARAN

BROOKES POINT DIPOLOG BALABAC

SULU SEA

LILOY

CAGAYAN DE ORO OZAMIZ BISLIG PAGADIAN COTABATO

ZAMBOANGA SULTAN KUDARAT GENSAN JOLO BONGAO

DAVAO MATI

MINDANAO SEA

BALUT ISLAND

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

c. OCEANOGRAPHY
REAL TIME MONITORING STATION
PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM

DAVAO

MANILA

SUBIC

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

c. OCEANOGRAPHY
Box Core

Physical Observation

Bottom Sampling

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

d. DATA CORRECTION

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

d. DATA CORRECTION
Expendable Bathy Thermograph (XBT) Canister and Launcher

Sound Velocity Acquisition Computer

Conductivity, Temperature and Depth probe

Bio CTD

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

e. OTHER MODERN HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY METHODS

Side Scan Sonar

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

e.

OTHER MODERN HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY METHOD

Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)

uses lasers instead of sound to find distance
used extensively for topographic mapping on land. When used in hydrographic surveys, two different color lasers are used: green and red. The red laser reflects off of the water surface, while the green laser penetrates water and reflects off of the seafloor.

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

e. OTHER MODERN HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY METHOD

Satellite Altimetry
Altimeters aboard satellites can be used for general bathymetric mapping in deep water Because of variation in the strength of gravity, the water's surface mounds over features like seamounts and forms a trough over deep-sea trenches.

IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS

IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS

IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS

IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS

IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS

Archipelagic Baselines Maritime Zones Extended Continental Shelf Other International Boundaries

LEGEND
Baselines

PD 1596 Scarborough Shoal

KIG

New Baselines (RA 9522)

LEGEND
Baselines (RA9522)

Maritime Zones under UNCLOS

Archipelagic and Internal Waters

Territorial Sea (12 M) Contiguous Zone (24 M) EEZ (200 M) Juridical Continental Shelf (200 M)

LEGEND
Baselines (RA9522)

Maritime Zones

Archipelagic and Internal Waters

Territorial Sea (12 M) EEZ (200 M) Municipal Waters

IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS

IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS

IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS

Location of Sunken M/T Solar 1 as shown in 3-Dimensional View of the Side Scan Image

2-Dimensional Bathymetry

Southwest of Guimaras
Vicinity of the Oil Spill

Sources:

"IHO Hydrographic Manual", International Hydrographic Bureau

Umbach, Melvin J. "Hydrographic Manual, 4th Ed.," NOAA

thank you!

Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration Training Modules

http://www.meted.ucar.edu

http://www.lib.noaa