GLS 519

INTERMEDIATE CADASTRAL SURVEYING

Practical Report
Refixation
Prepared for: Sr Noraain Mohamed Saraf
GROUP TWO
No Student’s Name Student Number Photo
1 Muhammad Najmi bin Kamarudin 2020779689

2 Muhammad Azib bin Ahmad Zabid 2020987551

3 Mohamad Syafiq Bin Bakhtiar 2019488134

4 Nur Shahira binti Shahlan 2020973525

 TABLE OF CONTENT

No Content Page
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Refixation 1
1.2 Requirement of the Projects 2
1.3 Aim and Objective 3
2.0 Instrument and Methodology 4-8
3.0 Calculation 9
3.1 Traversing 9 - 13
3.2 Refixation 14 - 17
3.3 Area and Calculation Volume 18 -19
4.0 Analysis and Conclusion 20
4.1 Result Analysis 20 - 21
4.2 Conclusion 22
5.0 Individual Comments 23 - 24
References 25
Appendices 26 - 42

i
 LIST OF APPENDICES

Ser Appendices Page

I Initial Certified Plan 26
II Data Recorded in Field Book for DFT 27
III Data Recorded in Solar Observation form 28
IV Traverse Data Recorded in Field Book 29 - 34
V Re-measured Data for Offset value 35
VI Calculation Volume (CV) 36 - 37
VII Copy of New Certified Plan 38
VIII Diary of Work 39
IX Activities Snapshots 40 - 42

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Refixation

By definition, Refixation is a survey that conducts to re-fixed boundary marks or re-

establishing of boundary marks which have been out of positions (beyond acceptable limits).
Other than that, refixation progress means to re-establish which is not in their original
position. It also replaces new boundary marks if the original boundary marks are lost or
broken. Any boundary mark should be set up right to its proper level before any measurements
or observations are taken to or from it. Therefore in order to replace the missing boundary
onto its original positions, we can use the refixation calculations where an offset values are
computed from nearby traverse stations or can be said that by using some computation, the
old values are adjusted to the new values as the old values physically do not exist or broken.

Refixation can be very costly process and according to KPUP 2/2003 and KPUP 6/2009, the
land surveyor must consider some factors and limitation before deciding to refix the boundary
marks such as the amount of displacement, the location of the land, the value of the land, the
effects to the land owner if the boundary mark is not refixed and the significant of the
boundary mark to be used in future datum.

Some criteria also need to be considered whether to carry out or not the refixation which is
for town, residential, built up and industrial areas, refixation is required if the displacement is
more than 0.050 m and for paddy cultivation or rural areas where previously 2nd class survey
were carried out, refixation is only needed if the displacement exceeds 0.100 m

Fig 1: Placing a new Boundary mark

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1.2 Requirement of the Projects

We need to know some basic principles, limitation, rules and computation to conduct the
Refixation Survey according to Department of Surveying and Mapping Malaysia DSMM).
Besides that, we are required to enhance our skilled in terms of setting up the instruments and
how to use the Total Station to get the bearing and distance while recording the data properly
using the standard cadastral field book. Thus we are also needed to conduct re-survey
procedure, find the missing boundary and provide a Calculation Volume (CV) and new
Certified Plan (CP) by making a traverse adjustment and offset calculation. To be able to do
this, we have been assigned by our lecturer to identify the missing boundary and conduct
resurvey for refixation purpose in Lot 53 at the selected area at Dewan Budi Siswa, UiTM
Shah Alam, Sek 1 as per shown in Figure 2 below. In our lot, we have identified the missing
boundary mark which is station 5 and station 8.

Fig 2: Lot Number and Appointed Group

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1.3 Aim and Objective

1. Aim

Our aim is to conduct resurvey for refixation the missing boundary mark at Lot 53

2. Objective

i. To describes the purpose and requirements of conducting refixation

and applying the theories in the field.

ii. To practice recording data and handling the field work in accordance
with circulars Director General Survey and Mapping.

iii. To practice traverse computation.

iv. To practice in calculate offset distance and bearing for refixation.

v. To be familiarize in providing the Calculation Volume (CV) and

Certified Plan (CP) with the prescribed format.

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2.0 INSTRUMENTATION AND METHODOLOGY

2.1 Instrumentation

1 x Total Station Total station is a surveying equipment combination of EDM

and Electronic Theodolite. It is also integrated with
microprocessor, electronic data collector and storage system.
The instrument can be used to measure horizontal and vertical
angles as well as sloping distance of object to the instrument.

4 x Tripod Tripod is a device used to support any one of a number of

surveying instruments, such as theodolites, total stations, levels
or transits.

3 x Prism Surveying Prisms, also known as retro-reflectors, redirect a

measuring beam back to the EDM for processing distance.

1 x Sunglass Used with total station when during solar observation and to
prevent eyes from direct contact with ultraviolet radiation

1 x Measuring Tape To measure the distance between station and point.

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4 x Plumbob Used to find a vertical reference line called plumb and allowing
user to find nadir. Useful to mark the point for missing boundary
location.

1 x Mini Prism with pole Mini Prisms are high value prisms designed for the highest
accuracy at close to medium range. It conveniently sized for
storage and transportation whilst still being extremely accurate.

Pegs Used to mark the positions of stations. It usually 2.5 cm square

and 15 cm long, can be used in soft ground but for hard or
concrete ground, it can be replace by using nail to mark the point.

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2.2 Methodology

Methodology is the method and technique of designing, collecting, and analysing data to
produce evidence that can support a fieldwork. Methodology describes the way a problem is
studied and the reason why a method and technique are used. The purpose is to help
understand in more detail the application of the method by making a description of the
research process. To complete traversing surveying, solar observation, and refixation we need
to apply following method:

Traversing

1. Certified Plan (CP)

Our lecture has provide us with the initial CP as per Appendix 1 containing the
adjacent lot before we start the reconnaissance at the site given. We will refer to the
old CP to make a new traverse.

2. Reconnaissance
In reconnaissance, the surveyor thoroughly examines the ground and then decides
upon the best possible arrangement of triangles or diagrams and makes an index sketch
to show the principal features, such as buildings, roads, boundaries. The positions of
the station and survey lines also mark. We have plot the sketch based on the certified
plan. Besides that, during reconnaissance we also identified the missing boundary
mark.

3. Find Datum
To start the surveying, we need to find and verified the datum at the lot area. Datum
are used as the starting reference point for surveying.

4. Form a traverse loop

We add a picket nearest to missing boundary mark of resurvey lot and we also use
other boundary mark as a station where it possible to set up our instrument on it. Than
we proceed with traversing procedure until closed.

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5. Solar Observation
Solar observation is one of the technique to determine the azimuth of the survey.
Make two sets solar observation and the difference between grid bearings for the
solar observation sets must not exceed 10”.

Refixation

6. Computation of Refixation

i. After C and M corrections have been done and final bearing been
calculated, we proceed to linear misclosure and refixation calculation.

ii. Identified and calculate the suitable baseline.

iii. Identified and calculate the 3rd mark for baseline.

iv. The baseline of new values and PO was compared. From the value
calculated, we made an adjustment to PO values based on bearing and distance
factor.

v. Then, the offset from the station to the boundary mark that need to be
fixed will be calculated.

vi. From that value, we can proceed to the refixation work at the site by
offset method.

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7. Handling Refixation on the site.

There are two (2) methods, which based on the distance between the survey station
and the offset length as follows:

i. Offset Distance Less than 1 meter

a. Set total station at a station.

b. Set back bearing to reference station.
c. Open bearing at calculated offset bearing.
d. Plant a picket at new station (let’s say station 100) on the offset
bearing (about 4m) and measure the distance.
e. By using another reference station, perform angle and distance
checking to station 100.
f. Measure distance from station 100 to the mark to be refixed at.
g. Plant boundary mark according to the distance deduced.
h. Re-measure the distance.

ii. Offset distance More than 1 meter

a. Set total station at a station.

b. Set back bearing to reference station.
c. Open bearing at calculated offset bearing.
d. Measure offset distance to the mark to be refixed at and plant the
boundary mark.
e. Perform angle checking to the boundary mark by using another
reference station.
f. Re-measure the distance for checking.

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3.0 CALCULATION

3.1 Traversing

The recording data and diagram in Field Book as per attach in Appendices IV. This part will
show all the data that been collected during the fieldwork and its calculation results for this
project.

1. Differential Field Test (DFT).

Base on the data processing, as per shown in Field Book data at Appendices II, the reading
for DFT as follows:

Stn Bearing/Angle F Line T Verical Distance Temp Final

Face Face Mean r Final o Angle (m) Distance
Left Right o Bearing (m)
m

Instrument Differential Field A B -H- 55.364 7/04/2021 55.365

Test
Reg No: (55.365)
OL 3674
Pkt on Line A-B C A -H- 21.844 21.844
(21.844)

See Above (Space 2) C B -H- 33.521 33.521

(33.521)
C A 21.844
A B (Total) 55.365
Table 1: Results for DFT

Difference between (A to B) – [(C to A) + (C to B)] = 55.365 – (21.844 + 35.521)

= 55.365 – 55.365
= 0.000 m

Since there are no different between AB and distance CA and CB therefore the EDM instrument that
we are going to use in surveying work is in good condition and acceptable working order.

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2. Bearing Closed, C, M Correction and Linear Misclosure

This will include all the survey data and the adjustment that applied for eliminate the
remaining error (linear measurement error) in the traverse network after C and M correction
(bearing and angle correction) was applied.

i. Bearing misclosure. Calculation of C – Correction as follows:

Formulae:
a. Measured bearing from closed bearing – initial bearing
b. C-Correction = - bearing misclosure/number of stations

Then
a. Line 1 – 2 read as 6º 12’ 34” (measured bearing from closed bearing)
b. Line 1 – 2 should be read 6º 12’ 40” (initial bearing)
c. Error for 6 stations = 6º 12’ 34” - 6º 12’ 40” = - 6”
d. C- Correction for each station = 6”/6 = + 1” (Due to initial bearing
is larger than closed bearing than we need to add the value to each stations)
e. Result for C – Correction as shown in table below:

Stn Mean Bearing C –Correction Mean Bearing applied

Recorded (nearest to 1”) with C-Correction
2
3 79° 10’ 58” C + (1” x 1) = 1” 79° 10’ 59”
4 100° 27’ 26” C + (1” x 2) = 2” 100° 27’ 28”
5 169º 44’ 49” C + (1” x 3) = 3” 169º 44’ 52”
7 257° 22’ 40” C + (1” x 4) = 4” 257° 22’ 44”
1 281º 16’ 28” C + (1” x 5) = 5” 281º 16’ 33”
2 6° 12’ 34” C + (1” x 6) = 6” 6° 12’ 40”

Table 2: Results for C-Correction

ii. The bearing misclosure is -6” and according to the Pekeliling KPUP
Bil.3/2003 that the bearing misclosure is accepted if it’s not more than 10” for each
station and the differences is maximum on under 1’15” bearing closed. We managed
to get tolerance for each station 1” and achieve 1st Class survey.

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iii. Solar Observation

We manage to get two set of observation reading below than 10”. The Solar
Observation Form as per attach in Appendices III. Thus, we able to apply the true
bearing (M – Correction) from adopted bearing as shown in diagram and calculation
result below:

Fig 3: Traverse using to assume bearing with C Correction

(6º 12’ 33”) at line 1-2.

After conduct a solar observation on the line 1-2. True bearing are calculate using M
– Correction formulae as follows:

[True bearing from solar] – [mean bearing of FB] (+ or -) [c – correction]

M = 6° 12’ 33” – 6º 12’ 40”
M = -7”

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The Table 3 below shows the bearing already corrected with the orientation (M-
correction) after proving the true bearing using solar observation by M - 7”.

Line Bearing M – Correction Final Bearing

(with C – Correction) (nearest to 10”)
2
3 79° 10’ 59” M – 7” 79° 10’ 50”
4 100° 27’ 28” M – 7” 100° 27’ 20”
5 169º 44’ 52” M – 7” 169º 44’ 50”
7 257° 22’ 44” M – 7” 257° 22’ 40”
1 281º 16’ 33” M – 7” 281º 16’ 30”
2 6° 12’ 40” M – 7” 6° 12’ 30”

Table 3: Results for M-Correction

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 iv. Linear Misclosure, Final Bearing and Final Distance
This is the adjustment proportional to line distances. It is adjusting the departures and
latitudes of traverse courses in proportion to their lengths. The calculation using
Bowditch Method as follows:

a. Correction of latitude for line 1-2

= − 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒍𝒂𝒕 𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒙 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝟏 – 𝟐
b. Correction of departure for line 1-2
= − 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒆𝒑 𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒙 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝟏 −2

Adj
Line Bearing Dist Lat Dep Adj Lat Coordinates
Dep
N/S E/W
1 -12199.375 -22005.657
2 6°12'30" 55.363 55.038 5.987 55.037 5.989 -12144.338 -21999.668
-0.001 0.002
3 79°10'50" 39.499 7.415 38.797 7.414 38.798 -12136.924 -21960.870
-0.001 0.001
4 100°27'20" 33.892 -6.150 33.329 -6.151 33.330 -12143.074 -21927.539
-0.001 0.001
5 169°44'50" 56.781 -55.874 10.107 -55.875 10.109 -12198.949 -21917.430
-0.001 0.002
7 257°22'40" 43.609 -9.530 -42.555 -9.531 -42.553 -12208.480 -21959.984
-0.001 0.002
1 281°16'30" 46.574 9.106 -45.675 9.105 -45.673 -12199.375 -22005.657
-0.001 0.002
Total 275.718 0.005 -0.010 0.000 0.000
Different
Table 4: Results for adjusted latitude and departure

v. Linear Misclosure and Traverse Precision calculation as follows:

= √ (∆L) ² + (∆D) ² = √ (0.005) ² + (-0.010) ² = 0.011

= Total Distance/√ (∆L) ² + (∆D) ² = 275.718/0.011

= 25065.27273
= 1: 25065

vi. From the table and calculation above, it shows that the traverse precision is
1:25065 where it’s within the tolerance and acceptable. It can be considered as the
first-class survey because according to the Pekeliling KPUP Bil. 3/2003 where the
Linear Misclosure to be accepted must not less than 1:8000.

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3.2 Refixation (Calculation of baseline, 3rd mark, adjustment and offset)

1. Baseline

BASE LINE

New (2-5)
No Bearing Distance Lat Dep
5-7 257 22 40 43.609 -9.530 -42.555
7-1 281 16 30 46.574 9.106 -45.675
1-2 06 12 30 55.363 55.038 5.987
2-5 123 35 11 98.725 -54.614 82.243
0.000 0.000
54.614 -82.243

Old (2-5)
No Bearing Distance Lat Dep
5-B 269 43 30 43.779 -0.210 -43.778
B-1 269 43 30 44.449 -0.213 -44.448
1-2 06 12 40 55.366 55.041 5.990
2-5 123 35 26 98.721 -54.618 82.236
0.000 0.000
54.618 -82.236

Bearing difference of line 2-5

= New – Old
= 123 35 11 – 123 35 26
= -00 00 15
Distance difference of line 2-5
= New – Old
= 98.725 – 98.721
= 0.004

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2. 3rd Mark

3rd Mark

New
No Bearing Distance Lat Dep
4-5 169 44 50 56.781 -55.874 10.107
5-7 257 22 40 43.609 -9.530 -42.555
7-1 281 16 30 46.574 9.106 -45.675
1-2 6 12 30 55.363 55.038 5.987
2-4 88 59 57 72.147 1.260 72.136
0.000 0.000
-1.260 -72.136

Old
No Bearing Distance Lat Dep
4-5 169 44 40 56.781 -55.874 10.109
5-B 269 43 30 43.779 -0.210 -43.778
B-1 269 43 30 44.449 -0.213 -44.448
1-2 6 12 40 55.366 55.041 5.990
2-4 89 00 08 72.138 1.256 72.127
0.000 0.000
-1.256 -72.127

Bearing diff. of 3rd mark

= New – Old
= 88 59 57 – 89 00 08
= -00 00 11
Angle diff. baseline and 3rd mark
= Diff Third mark - Diff Baseline
= 00 00 11 – 00 00 15
= 00 00 04

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 3. Adjustment

BASE LINE

BEARING FACTOR = NEW BEARING – PO BEARING = 123°35’11” – 123°35’26” = - 15”

DISTANCE FACTOR = NEW DISTANCE/PO DISTANCE = 98.725 / 98.721
ADJUSTED BEARING = PO BEARING ± BEARING FACTOR
ADJUSTED DISTANCE = PO DISTANCE x DISTANCE FACTOR

Adjustment Bearing Dist Bearing Distance Adjusted Adjusted

(CP Value) Stn Factor Factor Bearing Dist
2-A 89 00 10 32.003 88 59 55 32.004
A-4 89 00 10 40.138 88 59 55 40.140
4-5 169 44 40 56.781 X (98.725 / 169 44 25 56.783
-00°00'15"
5-B 269 43 30 43.779 98.721) 269 43 15 43.781
B-1 269 43 30 44.449 269 43 15 44.451
B-A 353 20 40 55.759 353 20 25 55.761

CP Value Bearing Dist Bearing Distance Adjusted Adjusted Final

Stn Factor Factor Bearing Dist Bearing
2-A 89 00 10 32.003 88 59 55 32.004 89 00 00
A-4 89 00 10 40.138 88 59 55 40.140 89 00 00
X
4-5 169 44 40 56.781 169 44 25 56.783 169 44 30
-00°00'15" (98.725 /
5-B 269 43 30 43.779 269 43 15 43.781 269 43 20
98.721)
B-1 269 43 30 44.449 269 43 15 44.451 269 43 20
B-A 353 20 40 55.759 353 20 25 55.761 353 20 30

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4. Offset

Offset 3 - A

No Bearing Dist Lat Dep

A-2 268 59 55 32.004 -0.559 -31.999
2-3 79 10 50 39.499 7.415 38.797
3-A 224 45 24 9.655 -6.856 -6.798
0.000 0.000
6.856 6.798

Offset 7 - B

No Bearing Dist Lat Dep

B-5 89 43 15 43.781 0.213 43.780
5-7 257 22 40 43.609 -9.530 -42.555
7-B 352 30 35 9.397 9.317 -1.225
0.000 0.000
-9.317 1.225

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 3.3 Area and Calculation Volume (CV).

1. Area and CV are calculated based on adjusted data from offset. For Lot 53, Linear
Misclosure and Area Calculation using Double Meridian Distance (DMD) method as follows:

Adj
Line Bearing Dist Lat Dep Adj Lat Coordinates
Dep
N/S E/W
4 -12143.074 -21927.539
5 169°44'30" 56.783 -55.875 10.112 -55.875 10.112 -12198.949 -21917.428
0.000 0.000
B 269°43'20" 43.781 -0.212 -43.780 -0.212 -43.780 -12199.161 -21961.208
0.000 0.000
A 353°20'30" 55.761 55.385 -6.465 55.385 -6.465 -12143.775 -21967.673
0.000 0.000
4 89°00'00" 40.140 0.701 40.134 0.701 40.134 -12143.074 -21927.539
0.000 0.000
Total 196.465 -0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000
Different
Table 5: Linear Misclosure for adjusted data

v. Linear Misclosure and Traverse Precision calculation as follows:

= √ (∆L) ² + (∆D) ² = √ (-0.001) ² + (0.001) ² = 0.001

= Total Distance / √ (∆L) ² + (∆D) ² = 196.465/0.001

= 196465.000
= 1: 196465

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 Adj Lat Adj Dep 2x Lat x
Line Bearing Dist Lat Dep 2x Lat
N/S E/W Dep
4
5 169°44'30" 56.783 -55.875 10.112 -55.875 10.112 -55.875 -564.989
0.000 0.000
B 269°43'20" 43.781 -0.212 -43.780 -0.212 -43.780 -111.961 4901.686
0.000 0.000
A 353°20'30" 55.761 55.385 -6.465 55.385 -6.465 -56.788 367.149
0.000 0.000
4 89°00'00" 40.140 0.701 40.134 0.701 40.134 -0.701 -28.142
0.000 0.000
Total 196.465 -0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 4675.704

Table 6: Area Calculation using DMD method for New CP

Area Lot 53 = total of 2 x latitudes x departures / 2

= 4675.704 / 2
= 2337.852
Area Lot 53 = 2338 m²

After re-survey, the size of area we get for Lot 53 is 2338 m². Compare with the old CP, which
is 2338 m², the difference is 0.000 or less than 0.5%. Thus, this survey work is acceptable.

2. Calculation Volume (CV)

CV is the summary report of cadastral calculation. The data and information in the CV are
extracted from the field book. The error needs to eliminate using C-correction, M-correction
and traverse adjustment as per shown before. The data will be derived into the CV for DSMM
and CV for private license surveyor. The CV for Lot 53 as per Appendices VI.

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4.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION

4.1 Analysis

Base from the calculation and result before, it can be analysed as follows:

1. DFT
For the differential field test, there are no different between AB and distance CA and CB
therefore the Total Station that we use in surveying work is in good condition and acceptable
working order. To get accurate and consistent data, we use the same instrument with register
number OL 3674 throughout the survey process.

2. Traversing
For C-correction, the bearing misclosure we get are -6” for 6 station. According to the
Pekeliling KPUP Bil.3/2003 that the bearing misclosure is accepted if it’s not more than 10”
for each station and the differences is maximum on under 1’15” bearing closed. We managed
to get tolerance for each station 1” and achieve First Class survey. Besides that, we manage
to get two set of solar observation reading with a difference of only 7”, while the limit is 10”.
Thus, we able to apply the true bearing (M – Correction) from adopted bearing.

3. Linear Misclosure
From the table and calculation above, it shows that the traverse precision is 1:25065. It can
be considered as the first-class survey where it’s within the tolerance and acceptable because
according to the Pekeliling KPUP Bil. 3/2003 where the Linear Misclosure to be accepted
must not less than 1:8000. By adjusting the departures and latitudes of traverse we get the
new adjusted coordinates for each station.

4. Baseline
The tolerance for line exceeding 40 m is 30” for bearing and 0.006/20 m or maximum 0.050
m for distance. In this survey, we choose the line from station 2 to station 5 as a baseline
(82.243 m). The different bearing (New and PO) for baseline 2 – 5 is 15” and distance is 0.004
m. So, the baseline is acceptable because the difference within tolerance. However, it must be
proven by 3rd mark.

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5. 3rd Mark
Tolerance for internal angle is less than 10”. From our result calculation, we get the difference
4” which is less than the limit. Therefore, we can proceed for the next adjustment.

6. Adjustment and Offset

In this calculation, the bearing and distance of identified Baseline are used in adjustment
factors for refixation calculations. Previously Surveyed (PO) values of the boundary lines are
adjusted according to baseline values to accommodate PO values with new survey values.

After we get the new adjusted bearing and distance, we apply it for offset calculation from
nearby traverse station in order to find missing boundary which is 3 - A and 7 - B. Then we
use the offset data to placed boundary marks to its original positions. On ground, after placing
the new boundary marks, we re-measure A and B using DIC procedure and we get the reading
less than 1’ (limitation for DIC) as per shown in Appendices V. Thus, our adjustment and
offset computation are acceptable. Using the new adjusted data, we round off it to nearest 10”
for final bearing and produce a new CP.

7. Area Calculation
Area is calculated based on adjusted data from offset using Double Meridian Distance (DMD)
method. After re-survey, the size of area we get for Lot 53 is 2338 m². Compare with the old
CP, which is 2338 m², the difference is 0.000 or less than 0.5%. Thus, making this survey
work acceptable.

8. Calculation Volume
We had prepared the Calculation Volume (CV) by following the format determined by the
DSMM. The CV for this project are attach separately in different folder along with this report
and the copy as per shown in Appendices VI.

9. New Certified Plan (CP)

We had prepared the Certified Plan (CP) according to the format determined by the DSMM.
The CP for this project are attach separately in different folder along with this report and the
copy of CP as per shown in Appendices VII.

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4.2 Conclusion

In this project, we have identified two missing boundary mark in Lot 53 which is A and B.
The missing boundary shall be replaced with new boundary mark to their new original
positions based on refixation calculation. Therefore, after completely all the procedure as per
state in KPUP 2/2003 we can summarize that our project is a success. This is by dint of all
the process is in the allowable tolerance. Starting by traversing with linear misclosure more
than 1:8000 (1st Class Survey) and baseline calculation is within the tolerance and proved by
the 3rd mark where the baseline is use to accommodate previous survey with new survey
values. Then by computation for refixation, the old values are adjusted to the new values as
the old values physically do not exist. Finally with the offset calculation we managed to
establish a new boundary mark on ground and confirm by re-measured. Beside that’s the
difference between area of the old CP and our new CP is less than 5% of the area under 40
hectars, thus making this survey work is acceptable.

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5.0 INDIVIDUAL COMMENTS

SYAFIQ AZIB
NAJMI
NUR SHAHIRA

1. Muhammad Najmi bin Kamarudin (2020779689)

I believe practice leads to perfection. Therefore, this practical classes are a good opportunity
for me to enhance myself despite the monotonous lecture method. By conducting survey work
in field, I able to familiarizes myself with tools and equipment that are required to conduct a
refixation survey and how important that all the instrument use must be in good condition in
order to provide precision and consistent data. During this practical class also, I have train
myself in making an observation and recording of cadastral survey data correctly according
to DSMM procedure, rules and regulations. This is crucial to ensure all the output data such
as CP and CV are accurate and acceptable. Besides that, I have learned a computation for
refixation where the old values are adjusted to the new values as the old values physically do
not exist. Then I have experiences how to place the boundary marks to its original positions
based on offset values computed from nearby traverse stations. In here also, I would like to
appreciate all my teammates. My team helps me a lot to inculcate social values like sharing,
cooperation, team spirit, compassion etc. Together, we are able to accomplish this task. Not
to forget, Sr Noraain Mohamed Saraf, our nice and generous lecturer which has guide us
especially in computation, setting up the instruments, following the right procedure of
traversing and placing the boundary mark. Lastly, I do hope to learn more about Cadastral in
future.

23
2. Mohamad Syafiq Bin Bakhtiar (2019488134)

Even Covid 19, I still can performed these survey work on real site. Luckily my group
members are manage to done and understand about how to make refixation survey even it is
hard to understand really well. Some of us are having a bad internet connection. My group
member had done this report with full responsibility and they all gave full commitment to
making this done. I would give marks to all of my members around 9 to 10 according to their
commitment, leadership and attendances. I suggests that there we were manage to do this
practical on real site.

3. Muhammad Azib bin Ahmad Zabid (2020987551)

First of all, what I have learned throughout the survey was how to conduct a resurvey for
refixation of missing boundary marks. For me, this is a new experience and I am glad that I
was able to conduct the survey even in this trying times. Other than that, I manage to sharpen
my skills when using the instruments. My group mates were helpful throughout the survey by
assisting me whenever I needed help. I am also thankful to Madam Noraain for guiding the
class and making sure that everyone understands the purpose and procedure of the survey.
Finally, I hope I can conduct this survey in the future perfectly.

4. Nur Shahira Binti Shahlan (2020973525)

After doing this practical I was able to learn physically to conduct a resurvey for refixation of
missing boundary marks at the site given, I also know how important to check the instrument
whether it in good condition or not, setting up the total station and prism physically. The
challenge that we faced during practical is the weather, that is always suddenly raining and
also too hot to handle make us need to stop for a while from doing our work and it also
challenge because of the limited time that given to us to complete every practical from this
subject and the other subject, that make us arrange our time properly in order to complete our
practical before the due date. By doing this practical, I realize that is need to improve my
skills to handle and collecting the data from total station and be more focus to conduct the
instrument while doing practical. I appreciate and thank my teammates that always give their
best work and dedication in order to complete this practical. Last but not least, I would like to
appreciate and thank to our lecturer of Intermediate Cadastral Surveying Sr Noraain Mohamed
Saraf for making time for us to give a guide on site and teach us how to follow the right
procedure.

24
 REFERENCES

DATO’ HAMID BIN ALI), D. (2003). PEKELILING KETUA PENGARAH UKUR DAN
PEMETAAN BIL. 3 TAHUN 2003. Retrieved February 2, 2021, from Website:
https://www.jupem.gov.my/jupem18a/assets/uploads/files/pekeliling/da25f-6.-pek-3-
2003. Pdf

DATO’ PROF. DR. ABDUL KADIR BIN TAIB, D. (2009). PEKELILING KETUA
PENGARAH UKUR DAN PEMETAAN BILANGAN 5 TAHUN 2009. Retrieved
February 2, 2021, from Website:
https://www.jupem.gov.my/jupem18a/assets/uploads/files/pekeliling/5b7e2pekkpupbi
l52009.pdf

DATO’ PROF. DR. ABDUL KADIR BIN TAIB, D. (2009). PEKELILING KETUA
PENGARAH UKUR DAN PEMETAAN BILANGAN 5 TAHUN 2009. Retrieved
February 2, 2021, from Website:
https://www.jupem.gov.my/jupem18a/assets/uploads/files/pekeliling/cb282-kpup-bil.-6-
2009.pdf

JUPEM. (2002). PERATURAN UKUR KADASTER 2002. 33.

JUPEM. (2009). PERATURAN UKUR KADASTAR 2009 BIL 6. JUPEM.

Nordin, D. S. (2 March, 2016). Cadstral Template of Malaysia. Retrieved from Cadstral Template:
http://cadastraltemplate.org/malaysia.php

Pekeliling KPUP - JUPEM. (n.d.). Retrieved February 2, 2021, from

https://www.jupem.gov.my/halaman/pekeliling-kpup

25
 APPENDICES

Appendices I: Initial Certified Plan (CP) for Adjacent Lot

26
Appendices II: Data Recorded in Field Book for DFT

27
 Appendices III: Data Recorded in Solar Observation form

SOLAR OBSERVATION FOR AZIMUTH

Observer: Muhammad Azib Day: Thursday Date: 15 Month: April Year: 2021

Station: 1 R.O.: 2 F.B.: Pg.: Theodolite (Model): 1 Division for Bubble -a:

Cos p  Sin  . sin 

Formula: Cos AZIMUTH  Level correction 
a
 R   L tan 
cos  . cos  8

For watches not within 3 G.T. =12h + L.A.T –

Time Horizontal Bubble Vertical minutes of standard time, Longitude - E
compute General Time 12h 00m
h m L.A.T
H m C.L R.O 06 12 40 L R
+
Origin Long. Long
08 38 80 57 01 69 53 37
Time -
E
08 39 80 26 50 69 30 50
Equation of -

Observation 1
Time G.T
08 40 C.R 260 30 41 290 45 35
Obs1
Interval
08 41 260 54 47 290 55 39
Stn Longitude +
Time G.T
Mean 1 R.O. 186 12 44 Obs2

H m Observation 1 Observation 2

Declination at
08 40
( ) hr U.T. N / S
09 46 06 09 46 06
Mean
20 34 12 Vertical
Diff. + 00 00 35 00 00 43
Refraction Decl. at time
Mean to Sun 80 42 20 - 02 12 & Parallax of obsn N / S
09 46 41 09 46 49
Adjusted
Mean to R.O. 06 12 42 20 31 60 Vertical
Polar Dist = p 80 13 19 80 13 11
H m C.L R.O 06 12 40 Latitude = Φ 03 03 50
08 47 80 53 38 67 20 34 Adj. Vert. = α 20 31 60 22 58 14
08 48 80 25 38 67 03 30 Comp. Azimuth 80 42 08 80 40 22
Observation 2

08 49 C.R 260 29 28 293 04 53 Obs. Azimuth 80 42 20 80 40 28

Diff =
08 50 260 53 06 293 19 56 Comp – Obsn
00 00 12 00 00 06
Mean 2 R.O. 186 12 42 Mean Obs. R.O 06 12 42 06 12 41
H m True R.O 06 12 30 06 12 35
08 49 Level L
Mean
23 00 11 Vertical
Convergence 0
Refraction
Mean to Sun 80 40 28 - 01 57 & Parallax
Grid Brg R.O. 06 12 30 06 12 35
Adjusted Mean Grid
Mean to R.O. 06 12 41 22 58 14 Vertical Brg R.O
06 12 33

Coord. of Origin N/S 55960.95 Origin E/W 21759.46 Observed by : Muhammad Azib
Coord. of Station N / S 12199.38 Station E/W 22005.66
Tot/Diff. N/S 68160.33 Tot/Diff. E/W 246.20 Date : 15/4/2021

Tot/Diff x 0.03256 + 36 59 Diff. in Long = Diff. x 0.03246 + 8”

Computed by: Muhammad Najmi
Lat. of Origin N/S 03 40 49 Diff. in Long x Sine Latitude = 0

Latitude of Station N / S 03 03 50 Convergence E (-) / W (+) = 0 Date :

15/4/2021

C.L - Circle Left R.O - Reference Object G.T - General Time

C.R - Circle Right L.A.T - Local Apparent Time

28
 Appendices IV: Data Recorded in Data Recorded in Field Book

Page Number: 09 Diagram at Page: 10

BEARING/ ANGLE LINE Distance

From To Vertical Final
Station Final Distance Temp. Between
Face Left Face Right Mean Stn. Stn. Angle (±) Distance
Bearing Sag
Differential Field Test A B -H- 54.364 9/4/2021 55.365
(54.365)

Pkt above Line A - B C A -H- 21.844 21.844

(21.844)

See above (space 2) C B -H- 33.521 33.521

(33.521)
C A 21.844
A B (Jumlah) 55.365
Datum From PA9956 186 12 40 2 186 12 30 1 90 02 04 55.364 14/4/2021 55.364
M – 7” PpBL PpBL (269 58 02) (55.364)

1 186 12 40 6 12 40 79 10 58 2 79 10 50 3 -H- 39.499 39.499

C + 1” PpBL Pkt (39.499)
2
3 79 10 59 259 10 56 M – 7”

2 259 10 58 79 10 58 100 27 26 3 100 27 20 4 -H- 33.892 33.892

C + 2” Pkt PpBL (33.892)
3
4 100 27 28 280 27 24 M – 7”

3 280 27 26 100 27 26 169 44 49 4 169 44 50 5 -H- 56.781 56.781

C + 3” PpBL PpBL (56.781)
4 5 169 44 47 349 44 50 M – 7”

29
Page Number: 10 Diagram at Page: Nil

BEARING/ ANGLE LINE Distance

From To Vertical Angle Final
Station Distance Temp. Between
Face Left Face Right Mean Stn. Final Bearing Stn. (±) Distance
Sag

4
2
Bandar Shah Alam
Tanpa Skala
53
0.2338 Ha
2338 m²

1 5

30
Page Number: 11 Diagram at Page: 12

BEARING/ ANGLE LINE Distance

From To Vertical Final
Station Distance Temp. Between
Face Left Face Right Mean Stn. Final Bearing Stn. Angle (±) Distance
Sag
3 280 27 26 100 27 26 2 59 13 4 2 59 10 6 -H- 54.579 54.579
4 M – 7” PpBL PpBL (54.579)
6 2 59 11 182 59 14

5 00 00 10 193 14 27 2 59 16 4 2 59 10 6 -H- 54.579 54.579

169 44 49 M – 7” PpBL PpBL
4 6 193 14 37 2 59 16

4 349 44 49 169 44 49 257 22 40 5 257 22 40 7 -H- 43.609 43.609

C + 4” PpBL Pkt (43,609)
5 7 257 22 39 77 22 40 M – 7”

5 77 22 40 257 22 40 281 16 28 7 281 16 30 1 -H- 46.573 46.574

C + 5” Pkt PpBL (46.574)
7
1 281 16 30 101 16 26 M – 7”

7 101 16 28 281 16 28 6 12 34 1 6 12 30 2 -H- 55.362 14/4/2021 55.363

With Solar
1 C + 6” PpBL PpBL (55.363) (Closed)
Obs
2 6 12 36 186 12 32 M – 7” Az. Bg.

Line 1 - 2 Read as 6 12 34
Line 1 - 2 Should be read 6 12 40
Error for 6 station - 6”
C-correction for each station + 1”

Line 1 – 2 read as 6 12 40
Adp. Az with Solar 6 12 33
M-Correction - 7”

31
Page Number: 12 Diagram at Page: Nil

BEARING/ ANGLE LINE Distance

From To Vertical Angle Final
Station Distance Temp. Between
Face Left Face Right Mean Stn. Final Bearing Stn. (±) Distance
Sag

4
2
Bandar Shah Alam
Tanpa Skala
53
0.2338 Ha
2338 m²

1 5

32
33
34
Appendices V: Re-measured Data for Offset value

35
 Appendices VI: Calculation Volume (CV)

JABATAN UKUR DAN PEMETAAN WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN

STN BERING JARAK BUKU KODINET CASSINI RUJUKAN

(M) KERJA JK
LUAR U(+)/S(-) T(+)/B(-)
LOT 53

04 -12143.074 -21927.539

05 169 44 30 56.783 52119 -12198.949 -21917.428

B 269 43 20 43.781 52119 -12199.161 -21961.208

A 353 20 30 55.761 52119 -12143.775 -21967.673

04 89 00 00 40.140 52119 -12143.074 -21927.539

------------------------------------------------------------------
JUMLAH 196.465
------------------------------------------------------------------
TIKAIAN LURUS 1 : 196465 LUAS = ( 2338 METER PERSEGI) 0.2338 HEKTAR

DIHITUNG DENGAN: KOMPUTER TARIKH: 15.04.2021 FAIL UKUR : PUMP 212/2021 PA 99556

DISEMAK OLEH : MUHAMMAD NAJMI TARIKH: 16.04.2021 DIUKUR OLEH: MUHAMMAD AZIB BIN

BIN KAMARUDIN AHMAD ZABID

DILULUSKAN OLEH: NORAAIN MOHAMED TARIKH: 01.06.2021

855
SARAF

NEGERI : NEGERI SELANGOR DAERAH: PETALING BANDAR : SHAH ALAM 112

36
 JURUUKUR GROUP DUA

STN BERING JARAK BUKU KODINET CASSINI RUJUKAN

(M) KERJA JK
LUAR U(+)/S(-) T(+)/B(-)
LOT 53

04 -12143.074 -21927.539

05 169 44 30 56.783 52119 -12198.949 -21917.428

B 269 43 20 43.781 52119 -12199.161 -21961.208

A 353 20 30 55.761 52119 -12143.775 -21967.673

04 89 00 00 40.140 52119 -12143.074 -21927.539

------------------------------------------------------------------
JUMLAH 196.465
------------------------------------------------------------------
TIKAIAN LURUS 1 : 196465 LUAS = ( 2338 METER PERSEGI) 0.2338 HEKTAR

DIPROSES OLEH : SYAFIQ BAKHTIAR TARIKH: 15.04.2021 FAIL UKUR : PUMP 212/2021 PA 99556

DISEMAK OLEH : MUHAMMAD AZIB TARIKH: 16.04.2021 DIUKUR OLEH: NUR SHAHIRA BINTI

BIN AHMAD ZABID SHAHLAN

DILULUSKAN OLEH: NORAAIN MOHAMED TARIKH: 01.06.2021

855
SARAF

NEGERI : NEGERI SELANGOR DAERAH: PETALING BANDAR : SHAH ALAM 112

37
Appendices VII: Copy of New Certified Plan

38
 Appendices VIII: Diary of Work

Ser Date Time Activities Remarks

1 31/3/21 0900 Calculated and convert coordinates of 9 We convert the coordinate given
points as shown in the map and in Cassini Soldner into WGS854
certified plan.

1000 Make a reconnaissance at Lot 53 and

identified the missing boundary marks.

2 7/4/21 0900 Conduct DFT, verified datum (Line 1- We has found that bearing and
2) and start traversing. distance of Line 1-2 is within the
tolerance and can be used as our
datum.

3 9/4/21 0900 Continued traversing. But After Therefore, we need to repeat the
complete the traverse, we take note that traverse again. But before that,
our traverse is not closed due to C- again we conduct DFT to ensure
correction we get is more than 1’15”. the error is not from the
instrument we used.

4 14/4/21 0900 We started the traverse again and Initial data obtain for traversing
complete it within a same day. In the are within tolerance.
same time we started a solar
observation to find M-Correction.

5 15/4/21 0800 Continued to conduct Solar Its take lots of observation and
Observation at Line 1-2 finally we get the reading in
tolerance.

6 21/4/21 0900 Made a calculation for refixation

(baseline, 3rd Mark, adjustment and
offset).

7 28/1/21 0900 Briefing at site by lecture on how to Due to unexperienced and time
conduct handling for missing boundary. limitation, we only able to locate
and establish boundary at station
0930 Using the data we get from offset A.
calculation, we started to find and
establish new boundary mark.

8 30/4/21 0900 Continued handling for refixation We managed to find and establish
survey. the reminder missing boundary
which is station B.

9 1/5/21 Prepare the full report Even we cannot discuss face to

until face due to SOP, but we do it
1/6/21 through online discussion and at
the end, we managed to
accomplish the task.

39
 Appendices IX: Activities Snapshots

Fig 4: Conduct DFT at site Fig 5: Conduct Traverse

Fig 6: Waiting turn for Solar Observation Fig 7: Waiting turn for marking the missing
boundary

40
Fig 8: Finding missing boundary using Offset Data Fig 9: Marking the missing boundary at station A

Fig 10: Hot weather is one of the challenger for Fig 11: Marking the missing boundary at station B
surveyor

41
Fig 12: Marking the missing boundary using mini Fig 13: Establish the new boundary using red mark
prism due to some limitation for training only

42