BME - Fuel

Gaseous Fuels
Classification of gaseous fuels

(A) Fuels naturally found in nature
-Natural gas
-Methane from coal mines
(B) Fuel gases made from solid fuel
-Gases derived from coal
-Gases derived from waste and biomass
-From other industrial processes
(C) Gases made from petroleum
-Liquefied Petroleum gas (LPG)
-Refinery gases
-Gases from oil gasification
The advantages and disadvantages of gaseous fuels are given below:

Advantages
Gaseous fuels due to erase and flexibility of their applications possess the
following advantages over solid or liquid fuels:
(a)They can be conveyed easily through pipelines to the actual place of need,
thereby eliminating manual labor in transportation.
(b)They can be lighted at ease.
(c)They have high heat contents and hence help us in having higher
temperatures.
(d)They can be pre-heated by the heat of hot waste gases, thereby affecting
economy in heat.
(e)Their combustion can readily by controlled for change in demand like
oxidizing or reducing atmosphere, length flame, temperature, etc.
(f) they are clean in use.
(g)They do not require any special burner.
(h)They burn without any shoot, or smoke and ashes.
(i)They are free from impurities found in solid and liquid fuels.
Disadvantages
(a) Very large storage tanks are needed.
(b)They are highly inflammable, so chances of fire hazards in their use are
high.
NON CONVENTIONAL
ENERGY
RESOURCES
Types of Collectors
Concentrate
d
NonConcentrated
If a 140x140 mile parcel of land in Arizona was

covered with solar cells, the electricity needs
of the entire United States could be met.
Use Solar Collectors

The main applications of solar collectors are as follows;
hot water preparation in households, commercial buildings and industry,
water heating in swimming pools,

space heating in buildings,
drying crops and houses,
space cooling and refrigeration,
water distillation,
solar cooking
Flat Plate Collectors

In flat plate collectors,
the incident solar rays
are absorbed by its
surface. Hence, it is
called as the
nonconcentrated type.
Eg. Solar water heater
panels, solar cooker
panels etc.
The solar radiation
passes
through
a is painted black hence it acts as black
The
absorber
plate
transparent
cover solar radiation
body
and absorbs
made
of glass and
fallshelps in reflecting the incident solar
The
transparent
cover
on an absorber
energy
on to theplate.
absorber plate.
Copper tubes are fixed to the absorber plate.
The heat energy absorbed by the absorber plate is
transferred to the cold water circulated through copper
tubes
Concentrated
Collectors
In focusing collectors the solar rays fall on a large

curved reflecting surface which reflects all the
incident rays and focuses them to form a highly
concentrated narrow beam. Hence, it is called the
concentrated type.
The concentrated narrow focused beam is absorbed
by a receiver placed at the focus of the reflector.
Biomass - energy from organic

materials
Sugar cane can be used to make alcohol,
which can be burned to generate power
Other solid wastes, can be burned to
provide heat, or used to make steam for a
power station
We can use rubbish, animal manure,
woodchips, seaweed, corn stalks and
other waste
Advantages
It makes sense to use waste materials where we can.
The fuel tends to be cheap.
Less demand on the Earth's resources.
Disadvantages
Collecting the waste in sufficient quantities can be
difficult.
We burn the fuel, so it makes pollution.
Some waste materials are not available all year round.
Tidal power - energy from the sea

How it works: Tidal Barrages
These work rather like a hydro-electric
scheme
A huge dam (called a "barrage") is built
across a river estuary. When the tide goes in
and out, the water flows through tunnels in
the dam.
The ebb and flow of the tides can be used
to turn a turbine.
Advantages of tidal power
Disadvantages of tidal power

A barrage across an estuary is very
expensive to build, and affects a very wide
area. - the environment and birds. There
are few suitable sites for tidal barrages.
Only provides power for around 10 hours
each day, when the tide is actually moving
in or out.
Tidal energy is renewable. The tides will
continue to ebb and flow, and the energy is
there for free.
Geothermal Energy is energy

from heat inside the Earth.
How it works
Hot rocks underground heat water to
produce steam.
We drill holes down to the hot region;
steam comes up, is purified and used to
drive turbines, which drive generators to
make electricity.
Geothermal energy is an important
resource in volcanically active places such
as Iceland and New Zealand.
Advantages
disadvantages

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Gaseous Fuels

Classification of gaseous fuels

The advantages and disadvantages of gaseous fuels are given below:

If a 140x140 mile parcel of land in Arizona was

Use Solar Collectors

water heating in swimming pools,

Flat Plate Collectors

In focusing collectors the solar rays fall on a large

Biomass - energy from organic

Tidal power - energy from the sea

Advantages of tidal power

Disadvantages of tidal power

Geothermal Energy is energy

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