RENEWABLE ENERGY VS

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY
PRESENTED TO:
ENGR. MUHAMMAD FARHAN
Group Members

 Ramsha Imran
 Noor Ul Ain
 Umair Ali
Introduction

Resources
 A resource is a source or supply from which benefit can be obtained.
Classification of Resources
The natural resources are mainly of two types:
 Renewable resources
 Non-renewable resources
Introduction

Renewable Non-renewable
Resources Resources
• They are replenished at the • They are replenished at a
rate higher than the rate of rate much slower than the
exploitation. rate of exploitation.
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Why Renewable energy is Need

 Climate change It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in

the distribution of weather around the average conditions (i.e., more or
fewer extreme weather events).

 Global warming refers to an unequivocal and continuing rise in the

average temperature of the climate system of the Earth
 What causes global warming

 Temperatures on Earth are livable because of a natural process called the

greenhouse effect.
 When the sun's radiation reaches our atmosphere, some is reflected back into
space, and some passes through and is absorbed by the Earth.
 This causes the surface of the Earth to warm up. Heat from the Earth is radiated
outward and absorbed by gases present in the Earth's atmosphere, the so-
called "greenhouse gases".
 This process prevents heat from disappearing, providing an average
temperature of around +15°C instead of -19°C.
Consequences

Climate change is changing our economy, health and communities in diverse ways.
Scientists warn that if we do not substantially curb climate change now, the results will likely
be disastrous.
If Earth gets hotter, some of these important changes could happen
 Water expands when it's heated and oceans absorb more heat than land, so sea levels
would rise.
 Sea levels would also rise due to the melting of the glaciers and sea ice. Cities on coasts
would flood.
 Places that usually get lots of rain and snowfall might get hotter and drier. Lakes and
rivers could dry up.
 There would be more droughts making it hard to grow crops. Green house effects with
normal and higher CO2 levels(source: Encyclopedia Britannica)
What are the possible solutions?

 The use of renewables in the energy sector

 Each year we release millions of tones of carbon dioxide by
burning fossil fuels (oil, coal and gas) contributing to climate
change.
 Renewables are in this respect a very good asset.
 As they don't produce greenhouse gases, they indeed seem to
offer a good alternative to the burning of fossil fuels.
RENEWABLES- OTHER ADVANTAGES

 When fossil fuels run low

 Fossil fuels have A high cost for Pakistan
 Market for electricity in Pakistan
A History of Renewable Energy

 It may or may not come as a surprise to learn that before the

discovery of coal deposits around the time of the Industrial
Revolution, most of the energy we used for lighting and heating
was from renewable sources
 uses of renewables in antiquity include animal power (using cattle
to drive ploughs or turn millstones) and wind for the sail that has
driven trade for some 8,000 years of human history
Renewable Energy
 Renewable energy is energy obtained
from sources that are essentially
inexhaustible.
 Examples of renewable resources
include:
• Wind power
• Solar power
• Geothermal energy
• Tidal power
• Hydroelectric power
• Biofuel
Solar Energy
 Most abundant and easily
available renewable
resource
 In one year, the Sun
delivers more than 10,000
times the energy that
humans currently use, and
almost twice the amount of
energy that will ever be
obtained from all of the
planet's non-renewable
resources
Solar Energy

Advantages Disadvantages

• Absolutely free • Upfront cost

• Produces no pollution • Cost of installation for lighting up

the entire house is high

• Very cost effective for outdoor • After the high installation charges it
lighting purposes actually give free energy for about
three decades
Wind Power

 It is the conversion of
wind energy into a useful
form of energy
 Most modern electrical
wind power is generated
by converting the rotation
of turbine blades into
electrical currents by
means of an electrical
generator
Wind Power

Advantages Disadvantages

• Wind energy is friendly to the • The main disadvantage regarding

surrounding environment. wind power is down to the winds
unreliability factor

• They take up very less ground space • Noise pollution

• The wind is free, and we are able to • Wind turbine construction can be very
cash in on this free source of energy expensive and costly

• Wind turbines are a great resource to • Wind turbines generally produce allot
generate energy in remote locations less electricity than the average fossil
fuelled power station
Hydropower

 Hydropower or water power is power

derived from the energy of falling
water, which may be harnessed for
useful purposes.
 Since ancient times, hydropower has
been used for irrigation and the
operation of various mechanical
devices, such as watermills,
sawmills, textile mills, dock cranes,
domestic lifts and paint making.
Hydropower

Advantages Disadvantages

• Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be • Dams are extremely expensive to build and must
produced at a constant rate be built to a very high standard

• Dams are designed to last many decades and • The high cost of dam construction means that
so can contribute to the generation of electricity they must operate for many decades to become
for many years / decades profitable

• They do not pollute the atmosphere • The building of large dams can cause serious
geological damage

• If electricity is not needed, the sluice gates can • People living in villages and towns that are in the
be shut, stopping electricity generation. valley to be flooded, must move out. This means
that they lose their farms and businesses
Geothermal Energy

 Geothermal energy comes from the Earth's crust and originates from
the original formation of the planet (20%) and from radioactive decay
of minerals (80%).
 The available energy from the Earth's crust and mantle is
approximately equal to that of incoming solar energy.
 Geothermal electricity is electricity generated from geothermal energy
using technologies like super heaters, flash steam power plants and
binary cycle power plants.
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal Energy

Advantages Disadvantages
• Low running cost • High initial installation cost
• No fuel needed and renewable • Viable areas for construction are
only few
• It does not harm the environment • Carries with it the risk of
in the process releasing harmful gases trapped
beneath the earth’s surface
Biofuel

 A biofuel is a type of fuel whose energy is derived from biological

carbon fixation.
 Biofuels include fuels derived from biomass conversion, as well as
solid biomass, liquid fuels and various biogases.
 Biogas is methane produced by the process of anaerobic digestion
of organic material by anaerobes etc. is a renewable source of
energy.
Biofuel

Advantages Disadvantages
• Using biofuels can reduce the amount • The capital cost is over 700 million
of greenhouse gases emitted dollars to develop secondary biofuel
• processes
• There can be a reduction in fossil fuel • Biofuel may raise the price of certain
use foods, which are also used for biofuel
such as corn
• Biofuel operations help rural • The techniques used to find out how
development good biofuels are for the environment
usually do not take into account other
gasses emitted
 Tidal Power

 Tidal power is not yet common but it has been demonstrated that it is possible to
generate electricity at sea by reacting to the ebb and flow of the oceans. This a
common form of power generation across the Atlantic,
 Stream generators use the water flow to power a turbine which then generates
electricity.
 Tidal barrage uses small dam like structures alongside natural features under
water that seize the potential energy as the water flows in and converts it to
mechanical energy as it flows out.
 Tidal lagoons are still in development, but they work in a similar fashion to the
barrage but are completely artificial.
 Dynamic tidal power is still theoretical and has not been tried, but requires the
building of dams that are tens of kilometers long to regulate water flow.
NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY
Non-renewable Energy

 Non-renewable energy is the conventional fossil fuels which

are likely to deplete with time.
 Non-renewable energy sources include:
• Fossil fuel
• Radioactive fuel
Fossil Fuel

 Natural resources such as coal, petroleum and natural gas take

thousands of years to form naturally and cannot be replaced as fast as
they are being consumed
 Eventually fossil-based resources will become too costly to harvest and
humanity will need to shift its reliance to other sources of energy.
 At present, the main energy source used by humans is non-
renewable fossil fuels
 The continual use of fossil fuels at the current rate is believed to increase
global and cause more severe climate change
Fossil Fuel
Fossil Fuel

Advantages Disadvantages
• Capacity to generate huge amounts • It gives off sulphur dioxide
of electricity in just a single location
• Fossil fuels are very easy to find • Pollution
• When coal is used in power plants, • Environmentally, the mining of coal
they are very cost effective. results in the destruction of wide
areas of land
• Power plants that utilize gas are • Use of natural gas can cause
very efficient unpleasant odours
Radioactive Fuel

 The use of nuclear technology requires a radioactive fuel

 Uranium ore is present in the ground at relatively low concentrations and
mined in 19 countries
 This mined uranium is used to fuel energy-generating nuclear reactors
with fissionable uranium-238
 Nuclear power provides about 6% of the world's energy and 13–14% of
the world's electricity
Radioactive Fuel

Advantages Disadvantages
• Nuclear Power is a highly reliable form • Uranium which is the main fuel used in
of energy Nuclear Fission Power Plants is limited
to a few countries and suppliers
• Cost is comparatively low • Nuclear Reactors are targets for
rogue state actors who can steal the
fuel for creating radiation weapons.
• Long lives of between 40-60 years • Produces a large volume of low-level
radioactive waste in the form of
contaminated items
CURRENT SITUATION OF ENERGY IN
PAKISTAN

 The current energy crisis in the country has taught us many

lessons and one of the keys is to utilize indigenous sources of
energy. Pakistan's electricity mix is heavily tilted towards thermal
and the country is making 35.2 % of the total electricity from oil.
 use of renewable energy, due to its manifold advantages of having
positive cross-cutting effects and impact over various strata of the
economy and society can play a vital role in mainstreaming this
large resource and help provide sustainability, and social and
economic equity among the targeted rural population.
 Electricity – total installed capacity: 22,797 MW (2014)
 Electricity – Sources (2014)
 fossil fuel – 14,635 MW – 64.2% of total(oil-35.2% + gas-29%)
 hydro – 6,611 MW – 29% of total
 nuclear – 1,322 MW – 5.8% of total
 average demand-17,000 MW
 shortfall-between 4,000 MW and 5,000 MW
POTENTIAL OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN
PAKISTAN

Hydro power
 The northern part of the country is rich in hydro power resources.
Nearly 76 percent of the country’s total hydel potential (or 45,861-
megawatt) of 59,796-megawatt can be harnessed in Khyber-
Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan.
 According to statistics obtained from the Private Power
Infrastructure Board (PPIB), Punjab had a generation potential of
7,291MW
 Azad Kashmir had a reported potential of 6,450MW. Although
hydro power is the cheapest source of electricity generation, but
about 89 per cent of this potential still remains untapped.
SOLAR ENERGY

 Located in the sunny belt, is lucky to have long sunshine hours and high
insolation levels and is ideally located to take advantage of solar energy
technologies. Solar mapping conducted by National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (NREL), USA, in collaboration with USAID, has indicated a
potential of 2.9 million MW in Pakistan.
 The provinces of Sindh and Balochistan are ideal for utilization of solar
energy. In Balochistan, 77 % of the population is living in the rural areas
and the population is very thin. These villages are separated by large
distances with absolutely no connecting roads. Transmission lines are
very expensive in this area and there is no chance of grid connection in
the near future.
Within the broad scope of Solar Power Technologies, following
concrete opportunities are available in both on-grid and off-grid
applications:
 Village electrification.
 Solar water pumps.
 Solar water heating and space heating solutions.
 Outdoor lighting (Solar/LEDs).
 On-grid solar power projects using solar PV and solar thermal
technologies.
WIND POWER

 National Renewable Energy Laboratories (NREL) of USA under the

USAID assistance programme in 2007 has carried out the wind resource
study of Pakistan and developed a meso-scale map of Pakistan, showing
the wind speed potential available at 50 m height.
 NREL study has also confirmed the availability of wind resource in Sindh.
As per the wind resource map of Pakistan developed by NREL of USA, in
collaboration with Alternative Energy Development 5.2 Wind Energy
Board (AEDB) and USAID.
 Pakistan has a potential of more than 300,000 MW of wind energy in
whole of the country
 Globally –
more than
enough
the total global wind and solar
resource still easily meets
projected demand by the year
2070
Conclusion

Although after thorough investigation of the above sources of

energy it can be said that solar energy wind energy and
biofuels are the leaders in this race for the favourable energy
source for the future.