Frequency Selective Networks

Frequency selective
networks
There are man frequency selective

networks, the most common two
networks are the series and parallel
resonant circuits
Series resonant circuit
In
this
kind
of
circuits,
at
the
resonant frequency
the
inductor
and
capacitors has equal
impedances
with
opposite signs
At
the
resonant
frequency vO will be
in phase with vi
The quality factor for
this circuit is given
by
2
The quality factor gives an indication of

the bandwidth of the circuit
Narrower bandwidth means that the
circuit has a larger quality factor as shown
in the Figure
3-dB
f1
f2
The quality factor is defined according to

the following equation
O
Q
B
The bandwidth is defined as the difference

between f1 and f2
At these two particular frequencies the
signal amplitude is less by 3 dB as
indicated by the figure in slide 3

example
Example: Design a filter to couple a voltage
source, with negligible source impedance,
to a 50 ohm load resistance. The
specifications are that the filter center
frequency be 5 MHz and the bandwidth be
100 kHz
Solution
From the quality factor we find that
R
50
L
79.6 H
5
B 2 10

example
Solution
The capacitance value can be found from
f0
C
1
2
2
0
f L
1
2 LC
1
5 10
5 2
79.6 10 6
12.7 F
The circuit gain at any frequency can be

determined from
nO R / L
A( jnO ) 2
2
(n 1) O
The attenuation at any harmonic can be

found from
A( jnO )
n
2
A( jO )
Q(n 1)

example
Example: A series tuned circuit is to be used to
filter out harmonics of a waveform. What must
be the minimum Q for the amplitude of the fifth
harmonic to be 40 dB below the amplitude of
the fundamental frequency
Solution
40 dB corresponds to a voltage ratio of 100:1, n=5
5
A( jO 5) 0.01
2
Q(5 1)
This means that Q=20.83
Parallel resonant circuit
In
parallel
resonant
circuit
two
susceptances are added in parallel, so
that the admittance, instead of impedance
is a minimum at fO
Parallel resonant circuit
In practical life the inductor usually has a

finite resistance, therefore a more
accurate model for the parallel resonant
circuit is shown below
10
Impedance matching and

harmonic filtering using
reactive networks
Reactive networks can be used to match

impedances over a narrow frequency
range
These networks can also be used to filter
out some harmonics
11
Impedance matching
The input impedance of the two networks

shown in the next slide are equal provided
Z i Rs jX s
R p jX p
R p jX p
R p X p2
R X
2
p
2
p
R p2 X p
R X
2
p
2
p
If we take the real and imaginary parts

and equate them we get the following
12
Impedance matching
The previous equations can be rewritten

as
13
Impedance matching
14

reactive networks
Example: The input impedance of a transistor

amplifier is equal to 10 in series with 0.2
H. Design a matching network so that the
input impedance is 50 at 20 MHz
Solution:
At 20 MHz the inductive reactance of a 0.2 H
inductor is 25.1 . The combined impedance
of the circuit became 10+j25.1 .
To do the impedance transformation we can
use the equation
2
2
Rs X s
Rp
Rs
15

reactive networks
Solution:
Or
10 2 X s2
50
10
X s 50 10 100 20
in order to convert the real part of the

impedance to 50 , the imaginary part
became Xs=20 .
In order to convert the 25.1 to 20 a
series reactance of -j5.1 must be
added to the circuit.
1
j 5.1
j 2fc
c 1.56 nF
17

reactive networks
Solution:
Now Xp can be found from
R X
jX p j
Xs
2
s
2
s
10 20
jX p j
j 25
20
2
if a reactance of j25 is added in parallel

with the circuit as shown in the figure of
the next slide then input impedance
became exactly 50
The j25 reactance results from the
impedance of a capacitor 318 pF
18
19

reactive networks
Example: Design a lossless matching

network to couple the impedance shown
in the fig. below to a 50 source
impedance at 20 MHz
20

reactive networks
solution: Since the series to parallel

transformation always results in a parallel
resistance larger than 50 , there is no
series
reactance
that
will
directly
transform the 100 resistor to a parallel
equivalent of 50
The matching circuit can be solved based on
the following equation
21

reactive networks
Solution:
The input impedance of the circuit is

Z i 50 j 50
This can be brought to 50 only by adding a
j50 reactance in series with the above
mentioned circuit.
The completed solution will similar to the one
shown in the next circuit
22

reactive networks
23

Frequency Selective Networks

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Frequency Selective Networks

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Frequency selective

There are man frequency selective

Series resonant circuit

Series resonant circuit

The quality factor gives an indication of

Series resonant circuit

The quality factor is defined according to

The bandwidth is defined as the difference

Series resonant circuit

Series resonant circuit

Series resonant circuit

The circuit gain at any frequency can be

The attenuation at any harmonic can be

Series resonant circuit

This means that Q=20.83

Parallel resonant circuit

Parallel resonant circuit

In practical life the inductor usually has a

Impedance matching and

Reactive networks can be used to match

The input impedance of the two networks

If we take the real and imaginary parts

The previous equations can be rewritten

Impedance matching and

Example: The input impedance of a transistor

Impedance matching and

in order to convert the real part of the

Impedance matching and

if a reactance of j25 is added in parallel

Impedance matching and

Example: Design a lossless matching

Impedance matching and

solution: Since the series to parallel

Impedance matching and

The input impedance of the circuit is

Impedance matching and

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