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    Chapter 4: Soil Test and Survey

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    Opaw Kho
    This document summarizes various soil tests and surveys. It describes tests to determine particle size, the effect of moisture, density, strength, and compaction. Particle size is determined through sieve analysis. Tests evaluate liquid limit, plastic limit, plastic index, shrinkage, and hand feel. Density tests consider specific gravity, particle size distribution, and grain shape. Laboratory tests establish compaction standards while field tests measure in-place density. Strength tests evaluate load capacity and consolidation for foundations or compacted soils. Methods include Hveem Stabilometer, triaxial, dynamic modulus, and nuclear devices. Refraction seismic is used for subsurface exploration. Relative compaction is defined and calculated in an example problem. Soil survey classifies soil

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    Chapter 4: Soil Test and Survey

    Uploaded by

    Opaw Kho
    507 views17 pages
    This document summarizes various soil tests and surveys. It describes tests to determine particle size, the effect of moisture, density, strength, and compaction. Particle size is determined through sieve analysis. Tests evaluate liquid limit, plastic limit, plastic index, shrinkage, and hand feel. Density tests consider specific gravity, particle size distribution, and grain shape. Laboratory tests establish compaction standards while field tests measure in-place density. Strength tests evaluate load capacity and consolidation for foundations or compacted soils. Methods include Hveem Stabilometer, triaxial, dynamic modulus, and nuclear devices. Refraction seismic is used for subsurface exploration. Relative compaction is defined and calculated in an example problem. Soil survey classifies soil

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    This document summarizes various soil tests and surveys. It describes tests to determine particle size, the effect of moisture, density, strength, and compaction. Particle size is determined through sieve analysis. Tests evaluate liquid limit, plastic limit, plastic index, shrinkage, and hand feel. Density tests consider specific gravity, particle size distribution, and grain shape. Laboratory tests establish compaction standards while field tests measure in-place density. Strength tests evaluate load capacity and consolidation for foundations or compacted soils. Methods include Hveem Stabilometer, triaxial, dynamic modulus, and nuclear devices. Refraction seismic is used for subsurface exploration. Relative compaction is defined and calculated in an example problem. Soil survey classifies soil

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    507 views17 pages

    Chapter 4: Soil Test and Survey

    Uploaded by

    Opaw Kho
    This document summarizes various soil tests and surveys. It describes tests to determine particle size, the effect of moisture, density, strength, and compaction. Particle size is determined through sieve analysis. Tests evaluate liquid limit, plastic limit, plastic index, shrinkage, and hand feel. Density tests consider specific gravity, particle size distribution, and grain shape. Laboratory tests establish compaction standards while field tests measure in-place density. Strength tests evaluate load capacity and consolidation for foundations or compacted soils. Methods include Hveem Stabilometer, triaxial, dynamic modulus, and nuclear devices. Refraction seismic is used for subsurface exploration. Relative compaction is defined and calculated in an example problem. Soil survey classifies soil

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    SOIL TEST AND

    SURVEY

    T E ST F O R PA RT IC L E SIZ E
    SIEVE ANALYSIS
    the process being used to determine the particle
    sizes of gravel and for coarse and fine aggregates. A
    sample of the material is thoroughly dried and then
    shaken through a series of sieves ranging from
    coarse to fine and the amount on each sieve is
    weighed and recorded.

    T E S T T O E VA L U AT E T H E E F F E C T O F
    MOISTURE
    The AASHTO designation T 89 on liquid limit
    The Plastic Limit
    The Plastic Index
    Shrinkage Test
    Hand Feel Test

    DENSITY TEST OF
    SOIL
    The main variables in the soil proper are:
    1. Specific Gravity of the soil particles
    2. The Particle Size of distribution of the soil
    3. Grain Shape of soil particles.

    L A B O R AT O RY T E S T F O R S O I L
    DENSITY
    Test for density may be divided into two class:
    1. Laboratory test to set standard for density.
    2. Field test to measure the density of soil in place in
    the roadway.
    .Laboratory test may be subdivided into three

    according to the basis of compaction procedure:


    1. Static test
    2. Dynamic or impact test
    3. Tamping foot or kneading compaction test

    FIELD DENSITY OF SOIL IN-PLACE


    The means of comparing the density result in the
    laboratory. This comparison is performed on the basis of
    relative compaction defined as follows:
    Relative compaction = Dry weight per cu ft. of soil in the
    roadway structure
    Dry wt./cu.ft. of soil sample at optimum moisture
    content compacted in a standard manner.

    FIELD DENSITY AND MOISTURE


    CONTENT BY SAMPLING
    There are four factors that affect the accuracy of
    measuring relative density, namely
    1. Change in the soil itself
    2. The sampling method
    3. The accuracy of laboratory testing for standard
    density
    4. The accuracy of testing the field density

    THE STRENGTH TEST


    Soil Test to determine the strength of soil is
    classified into:
    1. Test for load carrying capacity for foundation;
    rate and amount of consolidation in soils that
    support the foundation.(This is applicable to
    bridge foundation)
    2. Test to measure the supporting power of
    disturbed soils as compacted under standard
    procedure.

    METHODS:
    THE HVEEM STABILOMETER METHODS
    STABILOMETER TEST
    TRI-AXIAL DESIGN METHOD
    DYNAMIC MODULUS
    NUCLEAR DEVICES TEST
    A.NUCLEAR DEVICES TRANSMISSION TYPE
    B.NUCLEAR DEVICES BACK-SCATTER TYPE
    .REFRACTION SEISMIC METHOD

    H V E E M S TA B I L O M E T E R M E T H O D

    THIS METHOD
    MEASURES THE
    HORIZONTAL
    MEASURE
    DEVELOPED IN A
    SHORT CYLINDER
    SAMPLE LOADED
    VERTICALLY ON ITS
    END.

    TRIAXIAL DESIGN METHOD

    THIS METHOD IS
    ADOPTED BY
    SOME AGENCIES
    FOR
    COMPRESSION
    TEST.

    DYNAMIC MODULUS
    RECOMPACTED OR
    UNDISTURBED
    SAMPLES ARE TESTED
    TO DETERMINE THE
    INFLUENCE OF
    TEMPERATURE,
    DEGREE OF
    SATURATION, DENSITY
    AND AGE ON THE
    DYNAMIC RESPONSE
    OF PAVEMENT
    MATERIALS.

    NUCLEAR DEVICES
    TEST
    FOR DETERMINING IN-PLACE DENSITIES AND
    MOISTURE CONTENTS RE USED.
    2 TYPES:
    A.TRANSMISSION TYPE- measures density and
    moisture content for any depth up to 25 centimeter.
    B.BACK SCATTER DEVICE- it measures density and
    moisture content at a depth of 3 to 4 inches.

    REFRACTION SEISMIC METHOD


    A GEOPHYSICAL
    METHOD USED FOR
    SUB SURFACE
    EXPLORATION CALLED
    REFRACTION SEISMIC
    METHOD RELIES ON
    THE PRINCIPLE THAT
    THE SPEED OF TRAVEL
    OF SHOCK THROUGH
    THE EARTH SURFACE IS
    DIFFERENT
    DEPENDING UPON THE
    KIND OF MATERIALS.

    S A M P L E P R O B L E M A B O U T R E L AT I V E
    C O M PA C T I O N

    Determine the relative compaction if the dry unit


    weight in the field is 17.08km/m3 and the
    maximum dry unit weight result in the laboratory
    is 18.31km/m3?

    SOLUTION:
    GIVEN:
    Yd(field)= 17.08km/m3
    Yd(max-lab) = 18.31km/m3
    R= (Yd(field) /Yd(max-lab))x100
    = (17.08/18.31)100= 93%

    SOIL SURVEY
    Soil survey, orsoil mapping, is the process
    of classifyingsoil typesand other soil
    properties in a given area and geo-encoding
    such information.

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