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    Soil Water Plant Relationships

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    Lee Castro
    1) Soil acts as a storehouse for nutrients, habitat for organisms, and reservoir for water. 2) The amount of water soil can hold depends on its physical and chemical properties like texture, structure, porosity, void ratio, density, and moisture content. 3) Key properties include texture (relative proportion of particles), structure (particle arrangement), porosity (ratio of pore to total volume), void ratio (ratio of pore to particle volume), density (dry mass to volume ratio), and moisture content (ratio of water mass or volume).

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    Soil Water Plant Relationships

    Uploaded by

    Lee Castro
    231 views29 pages
    1) Soil acts as a storehouse for nutrients, habitat for organisms, and reservoir for water. 2) The amount of water soil can hold depends on its physical and chemical properties like texture, structure, porosity, void ratio, density, and moisture content. 3) Key properties include texture (relative proportion of particles), structure (particle arrangement), porosity (ratio of pore to total volume), void ratio (ratio of pore to particle volume), density (dry mass to volume ratio), and moisture content (ratio of water mass or volume).

    Original Description:

    Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

    Original Title

    SOIL-WATER-PLANT-RELATIONSHIPS

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    1) Soil acts as a storehouse for nutrients, habitat for organisms, and reservoir for water. 2) The amount of water soil can hold depends on its physical and chemical properties like texture, structure, porosity, void ratio, density, and moisture content. 3) Key properties include texture (relative proportion of particles), structure (particle arrangement), porosity (ratio of pore to total volume), void ratio (ratio of pore to particle volume), density (dry mass to volume ratio), and moisture content (ratio of water mass or volume).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    231 views29 pages

    Soil Water Plant Relationships

    Uploaded by

    Lee Castro
    1) Soil acts as a storehouse for nutrients, habitat for organisms, and reservoir for water. 2) The amount of water soil can hold depends on its physical and chemical properties like texture, structure, porosity, void ratio, density, and moisture content. 3) Key properties include texture (relative proportion of particles), structure (particle arrangement), porosity (ratio of pore to total volume), void ratio (ratio of pore to particle volume), density (dry mass to volume ratio), and moisture content (ratio of water mass or volume).

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    of 29

    BASIC CONCEPTS IN

    SOIL AND WATER


    RELATIONSHIPS
    PART 1

    ABE 72
    Irrigation and Drainage
    Engineering I
    SOIL
     a storehouse of
    nutrients

     a habitat for soil


    organisms and plant
    roots

     a reservoir of water to
    meet the
    evapotranspiration
    demands of plants
    The amount of water that the soil can
    hold is determined by the physical
    and chemical properties of soil.
    SOIL PHYSICAL
    PROPERTIES
    1. SOIL TEXTURE
     the relative
    proportion of
    variously sized
    groups of mineral
    particles in a
    specific soil or
    horizon

    SOIL TEXTURE CLASSIFICATION


    Basic
    Textural
    Classes
    (US Dept. of Agr.
    Soil survey Manual)
    Significance of soil textures
    SAND LOAM SILT-LOAM CLAY

    Feel gritty gritty silky cloddy or


    plastic
    Identification loose cohesive shows finger gives shiny
    prints streaks
    Internal drainage excessive good fair fair to poor
    Plant-available water low medium high high
    Drawbar pull light light medium heavy
    Tillability easy easy medium difficult
    Runoff potential low low-medium medium medium-high

    Water detachability high medium medium low


    Water erodibility high medium low low
    2. SOIL STRUCTURE

     the
    arrangement
    and
    organization of
    soil particles
    into natural
    units of
    aggregation
    The Soil System
    Phase Relationships
     In a soil system of total volume VT
    and total mass mT:

     VT = Va + Vw + Vs
     Vv = Va + Vw
     mT = ma + mw + ms
    3. POROSITY (n)
     the ratio of the void
    volume to the total
    soil volume (unitless)
    V
    V
    V


    v
    a
    nw
    determines the

    amount of pore
    V
    TV
    T
    spaces within the soil;
    POROSITY

    Sand vs. Clay

     general range -
    30 - 60%
     for irrigated soils -
    35 - 55%
    5.VOID RATIO (e)
    Vv n
    e 
    Vs 1  n

    6. DEGREE OF
    SATURATION, (DOS)
    Vw
    DOS  x100
    Vv
    7. MOISTURE CONTENT (mc)
     on a dry mass basis
    (mcm) - the ratio of mw
    the mass of water to mcm  x100
    the dry mass of the ms
    soil

     on a volume basis
    (mcv) - the ratio of V
    the volume of water 
    m
    v
    w
    x
    1
    to the total soil VT
    volume
    Relationship existing among
    mcv, mcm , and As

    mcv = mcm · As
    8. SOIL DENSITY
     bulk density (ρb)
    ms
    - the ratio of the
    dry mass of the
    soil to the total
    b 
    soil volume VT
     particle density
    (ρs) - the ratio ms
    of the dry mass
    of the soil to the s 
    volume of soil Vs
    particles
    9.APPARENT SPECIFIC
    GRAVITY (As)
     ratio of the bulk
    density of the soil
    with the density of b ms
    water As  
     w  wVT
     it is the ratio of the
    dry mass of water
    with volume equal to
    the total soil volume
    10.REAL SPECIFIC
    GRAVITY (Rs)
     ratio of the particle
    density of the soil with
    s ms
    the density of water Rs  
     w  wVs
     it is the ratio of the dry
    mass of the soil
    particles to the mass of soil with low
    water having the same organic matter
    =2.65
    volume as these
    particles irrigated soil with
    high OM
    =1.5 - 2.0
    Relationship existing among
    n, Rs , and As

    As = Rs (1-n)
    11.DEPTH OF WATER
    a. present in the soil (dw) - the
    equivalent depth of water in the soil at a
    given condition

    dw = mcv x D
    dw = mcm x As x D

    where D - depth of crop root zone or depth or


    height of soil column under consideration
    11. DEPTH OF WATER
    b. needed (dwn) - to increase the
    moisture content from an initial value
    (mci) to a final value (mcf)

    dwn = (mcvf – mcvi) x D


    dwn = (mcmf – mcmi) x As x D
    12. VOLUME OF
    IRRIGATION WATER (Viw)
     volume of water to be applied to increase
    the soil moisture content from an initial to
    a final value

    Viw = dwn x A

    where: A - area of the land in consideration


    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    A sharp-edged cylinder 7.5 cm in diameter is
    carefully driven into the soil so that
    negligible compaction occurs. A 12-cm
    column of soil is obtained. The fresh and
    dry masses of soil sample are 910.6 g and
    736.3 g, respectively. Assume a particle
    density of 2.6 g/cc. Determine As, n, mcm,
    mcv and dw.
    13. INFILTRATION RATE
    the time rate at which the water will
    percolate into the soil and can be
    expressed in terms of the following
    equations:
    Lewis-Kostiakov
    Horton
    Philip
    Lewis-Kostiakov


    i  ct
     1
    f  ct
    Horton

    i f t
     f0  fc 
    1  e 
     kt
    c
    k

    f  f c   f o  f c e  kt
    Philip
    1
    i  st 2
     At
    1
    2
    st
    f  A
    2
    14. INTAKE RATE
     the rate of infiltration from a furrow into
    the soil

    15. PERMEABILITY
     velocity of flow caused by a unit hydraulic
    gradient in which the driving force is 1 kg
    per kg of water
    infiltration vs. permeability

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