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    Group Acetic Acid Presentation

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    haider
    The document provides information about the global demand, supply, production methods, and derivatives of acetic acid. It discusses the major production regions and how Asia represents the largest share of both demand and supply. The key production methods covered are the ethylene via acetaldehyde process, methanol carbonylation, butane oxidation, and the Cativa process. Each method is summarized in terms of its reaction and catalyst requirements. The document also includes diagrams of representative process flows.

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    Group Acetic Acid Presentation

    Uploaded by

    haider
    416 views24 pages
    The document provides information about the global demand, supply, production methods, and derivatives of acetic acid. It discusses the major production regions and how Asia represents the largest share of both demand and supply. The key production methods covered are the ethylene via acetaldehyde process, methanol carbonylation, butane oxidation, and the Cativa process. Each method is summarized in terms of its reaction and catalyst requirements. The document also includes diagrams of representative process flows.

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    Group Acetic Acid Presentation

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    The document provides information about the global demand, supply, production methods, and derivatives of acetic acid. It discusses the major production regions and how Asia represents the largest share of both demand and supply. The key production methods covered are the ethylene via acetaldehyde process, methanol carbonylation, butane oxidation, and the Cativa process. Each method is summarized in terms of its reaction and catalyst requirements. The document also includes diagrams of representative process flows.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    416 views24 pages

    Group Acetic Acid Presentation

    Uploaded by

    haider
    The document provides information about the global demand, supply, production methods, and derivatives of acetic acid. It discusses the major production regions and how Asia represents the largest share of both demand and supply. The key production methods covered are the ethylene via acetaldehyde process, methanol carbonylation, butane oxidation, and the Cativa process. Each method is summarized in terms of its reaction and catalyst requirements. The document also includes diagrams of representative process flows.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Acetic Acid

    By
    Hamad Shaabi
    Reyan Rutherford
    Shaun Lynn
    Andrew Pollock

    Marketing
    Acetic Acid Demand Major Region

    South
    America
    2%

    Acetic Acid Supply Major Region

    Rest of the
    Middle East World
    Europe
    3%
    2%
    11%

    North
    America
    22%

    Middle East
    23%
    Europe
    14%

    Asia
    57%

    Asia
    60%
    South America
    2%
    North America
    4%

    Region

    Demand

    Supply

    Import

    Export

    Asia

    37

    57

    20

    North America

    22

    18

    South America

    Europe

    11

    14

    Middles East

    23

    20

    Marketing
    Global Acetic Acid Derivatives

    Others
    27%
    Acetic Anhydride
    8%
    Acetate Esters
    11%

    Vinyl Acetate
    Monomer
    37%

    Terephthalic Acid
    17%

    Acetic acid Derivatives

    Uses

    Vinyl Acetate Monomer

    Paints, adhesives, coating, textiles, wire


    and cable polyethylene compounds

    Terephthalic Acid

    Bottles, textiles, polyester fibers

    Acetate Esters

    Paints, coating, inks formulation,


    sealants, adhesives in pharmaceutical
    applications

    Acetic Anhydride

    Cellulose acetate fibers, plastics,


    pharmaceutical such as aspirin

    Others

    Chemical reagent

    Method
    Ethylene via acetaldehyde
    Methanol by carbonylation
    Butane by liquid-phase oxidation
    Cativa Process

    Ethylene via acetaldehyde

    OFF Gas

    CO2 Removal

    Steam

    stm

    stm

    [PdCl4]

    C2H4 + H2O + O2

    CH3CHO + H2O
    CuCl2

    CH3CHO + H2O

    CH3COOH + H2

    Extraction System

    water

    Acetic Acid
    Product

    Acetic acid
    Extractor

    Nitrogen

    Acetaldehyde Column

    Ethylen
    e
    Oxygen

    Acetaldehyde

    Acetic Acid Column

    Reactor
    106 C
    10 ATM

    Acetic Acid
    scrubber

    BFW

    Flash tank

    H2O

    Estimating plant capital costs


    Major Process Step

    Special Requirements

    Score

    Reaction

    10 atm (0.3), Temp 160 C(0.3)


    ,H.G Stainless steel (0.6)

    2.2

    Scrubber

    High grade s.s. (0.6)

    1.6

    CO2 Removal

    High grade s.s. (0.6)

    1.6

    Acetic Column

    High grade s.s. (0.6)

    1.6

    Acetaldehyde
    Column

    High grade s.s. (0.6)

    1.6

    Acetic Finishing

    High grade s.s. (0.6) ,


    entrainment (0.3)

    1.9

    Total process complexity factor

    10.5

    Methanol Carbonylation

    Methanol Carbonylation
    Most used process for production of Acetic
    acid.
    Developed by Henry Dreyfus at British
    Celanese, pilot plant opened in 1925.

    Uses a metal catalyst, usually Rhodium.


    CH3OH + CO CH3COOH

    Methanol Carbonylation
    1. CH3OH + HI CH3I + H2O
    2. CH3I + CO + [Metal Catalyst]
    CH3COI
    3. CH3COI + H2O CH3COOH + HI
    H2O
    CH3OH

    HI

    HI
    CH3I

    Reaction carried out at a minimum of


    200atm.

    CH3COI

    H2O

    CH3COOH

    Methanol Carbonylation
    Methanol and carbon monoxide are the
    raw materials.
    Bi-products are separated using
    distillation.

    Methanol Carbonylation Flow


    Diagram

    Methanol Carbonylation
    Complexity Factor
    Major Process Step

    Special Requirements

    Score

    Reaction

    200 atm (0.9)


    Temp 200 C(0.3)
    High Grade Stainless steel (0.6)

    2.8

    Scrubber

    High Grade Stainless steel (0.6)

    1.6

    CO2 Removal

    High Grade Stainless steel (0.6)

    1.6

    Acetic Column

    High Grade Stainless steel (0.6)

    1.6

    Acetaldehyde Column

    High Grade Stainless steel (0.6)

    1.6

    Acetic Finishing

    Entrainment (0.3)
    High Grade Stainless steel (0.6)

    1.9

    Total process complexity factor

    11.1

    Cativa Process

    Cativa
    Developed in 1996 by BP.
    Uses Iridium catalyst.
    Requires Catalytic Promoter Ruthenium

    Increase inactive anionic species Ir(CO2)I3Me]-

    Mechanism of Iridium Catalysed


    Reaction

    Cativa Process
    First step is no longer the rate determining step
    Cativa Process 150x faster than Monosanto

    Rate = [catalyst] x [CO]


    [I-]
    Very high yield 95-98% at 99% purity

    Cativa Flow diagram

    Advantages of the Cativa process


    Iridium is much cheaper than rhodium
    Less iridium is needed because it is so stable that all the
    catalyst is recycled in the plant
    The reaction is faster and the quantities of by-products are
    much lower, reducing the purification costs. For example
    steam is used to heat the distillation columns and there is a
    30% saving of steam over the Monsanto process
    Some conversion of CO to CO2 still occurs but at a much lower
    rate
    CO utilisation is increased from about 85% to over 94%
    Overall the Cativa process releases about 30% less CO2 per
    tonne of product than does the rhodium process

    Butane by liquid-phase oxidation

    Acetic Acid by Butane Oxidation


    When butane is heated with air in the presence of a metal catalysts acetic acid is
    produced.
    C4H10 + 2 O2 2 CH3COOH + H2O
    Suitanle metal catalysts are manganese, cobalt and chromium.
    Conditions are run at a combination of temperature and pressure designed to be as hot as
    possible while keeping the butane in a liquid phase. Typical conditions are 150C an 55 atm.
    The reaction produces side products such as ethyl acetate, butanone and formic acid
    which are commercially valuable.
    Reaction conditions can be altered to produce either of these as the major product if this
    is economically useful.
    Before methanol carbonylation became commercialised in the 1980s, Butane oxidation
    was the major source of acetic acid
    Now produces less than 10% of acetic acid supply annually.

    Thank you any question ?

    References:
    G. James, chemical process and design hand book, USA 2001
    A. John & Encyclopedia of chemical technology
    ullmanns & encyclopedia of industrial chemistry

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