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    Instrument Location Selection Standards

    Uploaded by

    Aadi Khan
    This document discusses the need and optimal locations for various measuring instruments in process control systems. It explains that: 1. Flow controllers are usually located downstream of orifice plates for flow measurement to avoid turbulence affecting measurements. 2. Multiple flow controllers or pressure controllers should not be placed along the same streamline as they will conflict with each other. 3. Level controllers and flow controllers cannot be placed on the same streamline as they also conflict. The placement of level controllers depends on whether the inlet or outlet flow rate is being controlled. 4. Temperature controls generally use PID controllers due to the slow dynamic response of temperature changes. Sensors for mixing temperature controls need to be at least 10 diameters downstream

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Instrument Location Selection Standards

    Uploaded by

    Aadi Khan
    66 views9 pages
    This document discusses the need and optimal locations for various measuring instruments in process control systems. It explains that: 1. Flow controllers are usually located downstream of orifice plates for flow measurement to avoid turbulence affecting measurements. 2. Multiple flow controllers or pressure controllers should not be placed along the same streamline as they will conflict with each other. 3. Level controllers and flow controllers cannot be placed on the same streamline as they also conflict. The placement of level controllers depends on whether the inlet or outlet flow rate is being controlled. 4. Temperature controls generally use PID controllers due to the slow dynamic response of temperature changes. Sensors for mixing temperature controls need to be at least 10 diameters downstream

    Original Description:

    Standard Practice For The Installation Of Instruments & Controllers.

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    This document discusses the need and optimal locations for various measuring instruments in process control systems. It explains that: 1. Flow controllers are usually located downstream of orifice plates for flow measurement to avoid turbulence affecting measurements. 2. Multiple flow controllers or pressure controllers should not be placed along the same streamline as they will conflict with each other. 3. Level controllers and flow controllers cannot be placed on the same streamline as they also conflict. The placement of level controllers depends on whether the inlet or outlet flow rate is being controlled. 4. Temperature controls generally use PID controllers due to the slow dynamic response of temperature changes. Sensors for mixing temperature controls need to be at least 10 diameters downstream

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    66 views9 pages

    Instrument Location Selection Standards

    Uploaded by

    Aadi Khan
    This document discusses the need and optimal locations for various measuring instruments in process control systems. It explains that: 1. Flow controllers are usually located downstream of orifice plates for flow measurement to avoid turbulence affecting measurements. 2. Multiple flow controllers or pressure controllers should not be placed along the same streamline as they will conflict with each other. 3. Level controllers and flow controllers cannot be placed on the same streamline as they also conflict. The placement of level controllers depends on whether the inlet or outlet flow rate is being controlled. 4. Temperature controls generally use PID controllers due to the slow dynamic response of temperature changes. Sensors for mixing temperature controls need to be at least 10 diameters downstream

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Need And Location Of

    Measuring Instruments
    Prepared By FAIZA AHMED
    Octagon Management & Engineering o!utions "OMEOL#
    $$$%omeso!%com
    F& "F!o$ &ontro!#

    'uare root ca!cu!ation is re'uired to con(ert t)e measured (a!ue of differentia!


    pressure across t)e orifice p!ate into f!o$ rate* +ecause t)e differentia! pressure at
    orifice p!ate is proportiona! to t)e s'uare of f!o$ rate%

    F&, "F!o$ &ontro! ,a!(e# is a!most a!$ays !ocated ad-acent at t)e do$nstream side of
    orifice measurement point* +ecause an orifice p!ate for f!o$ measurement re'uires at
    !east ./ D straig)t pipe !engt) in t)e upstream side to esta+!is) a sta+!e f!o$ pattern%
    Hence* as a (a!(e $ou!d generate f!o$ tur+u!ence in t)e out!et side* a F&, s)ou!d +e
    !ocated at t)e do$nstream side of t)e orifice p!ate%

    0)e contro! response of F& is fast and noisy* and P1I contro! is usua!!y emp!oyed for
    f!o$ contro! $it)out D1action%
    F& "F!o$ &ontro!#

    0$o F&2s s)ou!d not +e p!aced a!ong t)e same stream !ine* +ecause t)ese 0$o
    F&s conf!ict eac) ot)er and one of t$o F&, $i!! +ecome fu!!y open%

    In t)e same conte3t* at -unction points of t)ree or more stream !ines* a!!
    stream !ines s)ou!d not +e F& contro!!ed +ut one stream )as to +e !eft free
    from F& contro!% 0)e f!o$ rate of t)is stream s)ou!d +e esta+!is)ed +y f!o$
    contro!!ers of ot)er f!o$ contro!!ers% &ontro! !oop configurations must satisfy
    t)e degree of freedom of process contro!%
    L& "Le(e! &ontro!#

    L& is a 4ind of )o!d up contro!* and t)ere are t$o cases of L& app!ication5 one
    case is t)at L&, "Le(e! &ontro! ,a!(e# is !ocated at t)e upstream of a drum*
    and anot)er case is t)at L&, is !ocated at t)e do$n stream of a drum%

    0)e se!ection of up1stream L&, or do$n1stream L&, depends on $)et)er


    incoming f!o$ rate is set or outgoing f!o$ rate is set% 6)en in1coming f!o$
    rate is set* L&, )as to +e !ocated at t)e do$n1stream side* and con(erse!y
    $)en outgoing f!o$ rate is set* L&, )as to +e !ocated at up1stream side as
    s)o$n in Fig
    L& "Le(e! &ontro!#
    L& "Le(e! &ontro!#

    If up1stream f!o$ rate is set and L&, is a!so !ocated at up1stream side* t)is
    contro! configuration is un$or4a+!e +ecause F& and L& conf!ict eac) ot)er as
    s)o$n in Fig 7%.%8+ +e!o$ and +ot) F&, and L&, cannot +e p!aced a!ong t)e
    same stream !ine% If t)is contro! configuration is emp!oyed* F&, or L&,
    reac)es at a fu!! open position due to t)e (io!ation of t)e degree of contro!
    freedom%
    P& "Pressure &ontro!#

    P& is used for 4eeping t)e process condition at t)e re'uired pressure so t)at
    product specifications +e met for reaction condition or separation condition%

    P& is a!so considered as a )o!d up contro! for gas p)ase simi!ar to L& for
    !i'uid% 0)ere are t$o cases of P& app!ication5 one case is t)at P&, "Pressure
    &ontro! ,a!(e# is !ocated at t)e upstream of t)e drum* or P&, is !ocated at
    t)e do$n stream of t)e drum% 0)e se!ection of up1stream P&, or do$n1
    stream P&, depends on $)et)er incoming gas f!o$ rate is set or outgoing gas
    f!o$ rate is set% 6)en t)e in1coming gas f!o$ rate is set* P&, )as to +e
    !ocated at do$n1 stream side* and con(erse!y $)en t)e outgoing gas f!o$ rate
    is set* P&, )as to +e !ocated at up1stream side% 0)is is t)e same argument as
    descri+ed for !i'uid !e(e! contro!%
    P& "Pressure &ontro!#

    0)e pressure in a region enc!osed +y contro! (a!(es* pumps and compressors


    is essentia!!y t)e same $it) some pressure drops a!ong t)e pipe !engt)%
    0)erefore* t$o or more pressure contro!!ers s)ou!d not +e p!aced in t)e same
    region* +ecause t)ese redundant pressure contro!!ers conf!ict eac) ot)er%
    0& "0emperature &ontro!#

    0emperatures are important operation conditions for reaction and separation


    processes% 9sua!!y dynamic response of temperature c)ange is s!o$ due to
    !arge )eat capacity and : or s!o$ )eat transfer rate* and in order to ma4e t)e
    c!osed response faster* P;I;D contro!!er are emp!oyed for temperature
    contro!%

    Ho$e(er* temperature contro! for !ine mi3ing is rat)er fast* and p!ease note
    t)at temperature sensor for mi3ing needs to +e insta!!ed at ./ D or more
    distance from t)e mi3ing point to ensure comp!ete mi3ing%

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