Typologies of Entrepreneurship

Various types of entrepreneurs in the society & their roles First & second generation entrepreneurs Group entrepreneurs Serial entrepreneurs Minority entrepreneurs Micro entrepreneurs Lifestyle Foundation Gazelles Conclusions

FIRST GENERATION
Set up their own enterprises without having any business family background Advantages New ideas, no family burden, technology/ knowledge related emerging fields Disadvantages Lack of resources, heavy burden on individual entrepreneur, more time required to convince stakeholders Examples SIMSR alumni

SECOND GENERATION
Come from a business family and expand the family business Advantages Resources, brand image & business training Disadvantages Aversion to risk, fear of ruining family name Examples Kumar Mangalam Birla, Ratan Tata,

Ameesh Masurekar,Vikas Chauhan, Khamir Purohit ,Pankaj Gupta, Abhinav Tak & Avipsha Banerjee

Group entrepreneurship help people with shared interest to come together & start a venture. It helps in pulling the scarce resources & convincing the major stakeholder such as investors, employees, etc. It also helps in decision making & designing strategies for the organization. Very few success stories

Started by seven semi literate Gujarati housewives to create a sustainable livelihood with a very tiny investment of Rs. 80/Based on cooperative system Expanded to have more than 70 branches in India and giving employment to more than 50000 women. Simple principles control over quality, advertisement & branding centrally & dispersion of production

They are devoted to one venture at a time but ultimately starts many Romesh Wadhwani ,Sabir Bhatia & Sam Pitroda Interested in variety of ventures More emerging technology driven Advantages: knowledge/ experience of one industry can be used in another, brand image, resources Disadvantages: lack of focus, may lose interest easily

People belonging to minority groups such as emigrants, minor ethnic groups, refugees, etc. have a strong drive to become entrepreneurs due to various reasons such as lack of jobs in organized sector, strong motive to prove themselves, opportunities created for business due to interaction of different cultures, etc. E.g Jews in other countries Advantages: create new value in the economy, create place for themselves Limitation: may remain in the traditional areas

Micro entrepreneurs are the owners of small business who may be working as self employed or employing less than 5 workers. Start with limited capital & mostly financed by informal sources. Examples of micro entrepreneurs are owners of bakeries, beauty parlors, child care facilities, repair shops, arts and crafts shops, painting businesses, contracting businesses, family-owned shops, etc. Advantages: create job opportunities, provide services at competitive prices, can be set up with minimum resources Limitations: strong constraints on growth, diversity, low profit margins, less negotiation capacity

The motivations to become an entrepreneur can be different. Education, family background, gender, individual motivations, culture, socio-economic background all play an important role in entrepreneurship development. Proactive as well as reactive both the reasons play important role in becoming an entrepreneur. Different types of entrepreneurs play a different role in the economy.

A woman enterprise is a small scale unit where one or more WE have not less than 51 % of financial holdings. WE is not only considered as a powerful tool as an income generation activity; but as a tool to foster self reliance, tap the potential and enhance the sense of achievement & self esteem.
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Proactive reasons Realizing ones potential. Carving out a niche for self. Chasing a dream. Changing role of women in professions. Being your own boss Higher returns

Reactive reasons Lack of professional education. Balancing home & career. Maternal duties. Flexible timings. Choice of work place. Forced decision due to economic demands.

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WE account for around 10 % of total 1.3m SSI & 9.1 m registered SMS 2001-02 census 10.6 lakh Only 10 % registered Highest number is Maharashtra & Gujarat & lowest in Punjab Proportion higher in small towns as compared to metros 60 % - SSI; 15 %- large scale & remaining cottage & micro enterprises

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Small in size (turnover, employees). Predominant in service sector. Low degree of technology. Related to traditional roles, interests and jobs done by women. Extension of knowledge, skills, abilities & behaviour which is part of womans role. Related to core business of the family. Mostly use internal sources of finance. Run through family. Family, social network play a major role. Perceived to be a secondary source of income Low mobility due to gender bias

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1.Entre Dev Prog (EDPs) organized by SISIs: 20% of EDPs will be for priority sector WE being one of them 2. Credit Guarantee fund scheme: credit guarantee cover will be raised from 75% to 80% 3. Small Ind Cluster Dev Prog & Small Enterprise Cluster Dev Prog: financial assistance up to 9 crs will be provided for clusters developed exclusively for micro & small enter operated or owned by WE

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4. Associations of WE will be assisted in establishing exhibition centres at central places 5. 50 % concession will be given in the fee charged to women candidates in entre /mgt dev programmes 6. National Small industries Corp (NSIC): will assist WE to participate in exhibitions hold abroad for export promotion

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7. SIDO- Promotion of womens cell to provide coordination & assistance to WE facing specific problems 8. SIDBI- Mahila Udyam Nidhi- equity capital Mahila Vikas Nidhi- dev assistance for pursuing income generating activities, training for credit utilization 9. MCED- Maha Centre for Entre Dev- Training & promotion activities 10. Entre Deve institute (EDI)- training, research & promotion of entrepreneurship

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Association of WE of Karnataka (AWAKE): counseling & incubation services, training, infor dissemination, networking Association of Lady entrepreneurs of Andhra Pradesh (ALEAP): guiding first generation WE, training, promotion of ind estates exclusively for WE, common facility centre, giving guarantee of loans The marketing Org of Women Enterprises (MOOWES) arranging trade shows, industrial exhibitions

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Self Employed Womens Association (SEWA)-Gujarat: formation of cooperatives rag pickers, dairy, food ind; social security, health care, edu & training, banking services Women Entrepreneurs Association (WEA): Tiruchirapalli- Subsidies to economically weaker section of women to set up enterprises, training in finance, marketing, technology, etc Federation of Indian Women Entrepreneurs (FIWE) N. Delhi- Promoting exhibitions, shows, coordination with govt org

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SAARC Chamber of Women Entrepreneurs Council (SCWEC) Marketing access to WE, access to credit, setting cr aft village (Kathmandu), supporting trade of WE in SAARC countries Confederation of Women Entrepreneurs (COWE)- A.P.Dev of ind zone for WE, reservation of 10 % of land for women in SEZ Women Enterprise Promotion Association (WEPA) Chennai- Promotional activities, training Bihar Mahila Udyog Sangh Patna Mahakoushal Association of Women EntetrpreneursJabalpur
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Red tapism. Continuously under the scanner. Growth (size, impact, turnover, sustainability) Diversification Socio-cultural & psychological barriers Discouragement from family Competition & labour problem Inadequacy of credit & working capital

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Role conflict. Commitment. Overcome doubts & resistance. Assertiveness Lack of access to technology Indifferent attitude of society Male dominance & limited mobility Severe constraints on growth

Family ties Lack of education Male dominated society Social barriers Problem of finance Tough competition Low risk-bearing capacity Limited mobility Lack of entrepreneurial aptitude Limited managerial ability Exploitation by middle men Lack of self confidence
Group 2 21

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Increase in number of professional and skilled women. Increased growth in service sector. Booming economy. Scope for customised products & services. Increase in recognition given to women entrepreneurs. Emphasis on women empowerment. Need of women to realise potential, aspirations and acknowledge their achievement

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Self Help Groups. Group Entrepreneurship. Role of Trusts & Associations. Networking Mentoring Incubation Venture capital/ Angel Entrepreneurship education at various levels

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Female Entrepreneur Characteristics

Motivation Departure Point Fund Sources
Occupational Background
Accomplishment Of Goal, Do It Alone Job Frustration, Recognition Of Opportunity, Change In Personal Circumstance Personal Assets/Savings, Personal Loans

Experience, Mid-Management/Administrative Experience, Service Occupation

Flexible/Tolerant, Goal-Oriented, Creative & Realistic, Self-Confident, Energetic, Social Age = 35-45, Father Self-Employed, College Educated (Liberal Arts), Firstborn Child Friends, Spouse, Family, Womens Prof. Groups, Trade Associations Service-Related

Personality

Background
Support Groups
Business Started

Veena Deepak Vividha Nisarg Fruits & vegetables exotic fruits & vegetables B2B Revathy Roy - For She Cab service B 2 C Judy Kramer Mamma mia ( Bridge, R., My big idea) Theater Meera Kulkarni Forest Essentials Vandana Luthra Anjali Mukerjee
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Women Entrepreneurs may be defined as the women or a group of women who initiate, organize and operate a business enterprise. Government of India has defined women entrepreneurs as an enterprise owned and controlled by a women having a minimum financial interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of employment generated in the enterprise to women.
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Anisha Singh
Pioneered group-buying e-commerce in India Initial days: Shared office space in a dental clinic, struggled with her accent Today: Leading Woman in Retail Award Komal Talwar Saw the opportunity of IP consulting in India Initial days: Strong resistance from family Today: Company has presence in 4 foreign countries, has fortune 500 clients, leading player in India Winner of Tie Stree Shakti award 2011
Source: Tie Stree Shakti, Business Today 01-03-2014 Group 2 27

Kavitha Mukhi Above 50 years old, pioneered Organic produce farmers market in Mumbai

A nutritionist, she earlier founded Conscious foods and expanded it, before selling it off
Farmersmarket.co.in Shilpa Prasad and Neeta Varma Founded Renttoys and pioneered renting of branded toys on a large scale Both the founders were mothers of toddlers, when they embarked upon their entrepreneurial journey
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Textile to Healthcare

Luggage to magazine
New Face
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Wharton to driving tractors 2006 Businesswoman of the Year by ET TAFE * 30

USD 1.3 billion

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Entrepreneurs Manufacturing Sector

K Srujana Reddy Silica sand moulds Rs 3.4 crore Vandana Maheshwari PVC Rs 7 crore

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CORPORATE TURNED
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01-03-2014

Former CMO, Wipro IT Business and Global Brand Manager at Infosys Technologies Ltd 15 years in O&M, Infosys, Wipro and iGate. Founder of Paul Writer Strategic Advisory 2009 December Marketing platform for B2B companies in early stage Traditional and new media marketing channels Expert in globalization
Group 2

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Former Innovation Manager & Consumer Insight Manager at Hindustan Unilever Ltd 13 years of experience of working in Indias rural markets Founder of Earthy Goods as non profit entity in 2008 Technical assistance for small producers Hold programs in entrepreneurship skill development, new product development, certification standards for products and financial access to small enterprises
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Regional Director, HP Software as a Service, Asia Pacific and Japan at Hewlett-Packard Founder, CEO at Vangal Help marketer's optimize their campaigns & customer engagement programs. USP: lower their cost of customer acquisition, optimize advertising spend, increase their prospect conversion and hyper-target and segment their customers. Social Software

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Group 2

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 Direct & indirect financial support Technological training and awards Federations and associations

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Group 2

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Nationalized banks Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) State Small Industrial Development Corporations (SSIDCs) Stree Shakti Package by SBI State finance corporation State industrial development corporation Differential rate schemes

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Group 2

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Various training programmes by Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India Trade Related Entrepreneurship Assistance and Development (TREAD) National Institute of Small Business Extension Training (NSIBET) Womens University of Mumbai

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National Alliance of Young Entrepreneurs (NAYE) India Council of Women Entrepreneurs, New Delhi Self Employed Womens Association (SEWA) Association of Women Entrepreneurs of Karnataka (AWEK) World Association of Women Entrepreneurs (WAWE) Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW)

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Group 2

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States

No of Units Registered

No. of Women Entrepreneurs

Percentage

Tamil Nadu
Uttar Pradesh Kerala Punjab Maharastra Gujrat Karnatka

9618
7980 5487 4791 4339 3872 3822

2930
3180 2135 1618 1394 1538 1026

30.36
39.84 38.91 33.77 32.12 39.72 26.84

Madhya Pradesh
Other States & UTS

2967
14576 57,452
Group 2

842
4185 18,848

28.38
28.71 32.82
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Total
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Chance Entrepreneurs Had time / to keep busy Was hobby / special interest Family / spouse had business Forced Entrepreneurs Money / needed the money To help family financially Created or Pulled Entrepreneurs Control over time, flexibility Challenge, try something on ones own Show others I could do it To be independent Self satisfaction Example to children Employment to others / do something worthwhile
01-03-2014 Group 2

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