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    Adrenal Gland 111

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    Renz Ortega
    The adrenal gland produces steroid hormones and neuropeptides essential for life. It is composed of an outer adrenal cortex and inner adrenal medulla. The cortex produces mineralocorticoids like aldosterone and glucocorticoids like cortisol. Cortisol regulates blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and the body's response to stress. It has a diurnal rhythm with highest levels in the morning. The medulla secretes catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to stress to mobilize the fight or flight response.

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    Adrenal Gland 111

    Uploaded by

    Renz Ortega
    144 views28 pages
    The adrenal gland produces steroid hormones and neuropeptides essential for life. It is composed of an outer adrenal cortex and inner adrenal medulla. The cortex produces mineralocorticoids like aldosterone and glucocorticoids like cortisol. Cortisol regulates blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and the body's response to stress. It has a diurnal rhythm with highest levels in the morning. The medulla secretes catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to stress to mobilize the fight or flight response.

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    Infos about adrenal gland

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    The adrenal gland produces steroid hormones and neuropeptides essential for life. It is composed of an outer adrenal cortex and inner adrenal medulla. The cortex produces mineralocorticoids like aldosterone and glucocorticoids like cortisol. Cortisol regulates blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and the body's response to stress. It has a diurnal rhythm with highest levels in the morning. The medulla secretes catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to stress to mobilize the fight or flight response.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    144 views28 pages

    Adrenal Gland 111

    Uploaded by

    Renz Ortega
    The adrenal gland produces steroid hormones and neuropeptides essential for life. It is composed of an outer adrenal cortex and inner adrenal medulla. The cortex produces mineralocorticoids like aldosterone and glucocorticoids like cortisol. Cortisol regulates blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and the body's response to stress. It has a diurnal rhythm with highest levels in the morning. The medulla secretes catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to stress to mobilize the fight or flight response.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Adrenal Gland

    and Cortisol
    Renz Jethro M. Ortega III BS in Medical Technology Emilio Aguinaldo College Manila

    Objectives
    De ine the adrenal gland Di!cu!! the anatomy and "hy!iology o adrenal gland Identi y the hormone! and location! they are "roduced in the adrenal gland E#"lain corte# !teroidogene!i! and $io!ynthe!i! o catecholamine E#"lain the hormone corti!ol

    Adrenal Gland
    A multi unctional endocrine organ that "roduce! !teroid hormone! and neuro"e"tide! e!!ential or li e. Su"rarenal gland% ound ato" the &idney!. A "yramidal !tructure 'eighing a""ro#. ( gram!.

    Functions of the Adrenal Gland


    The!e unction! re lect to the hormone! "roduced $y the gland Maintaining meta$olic "roce!!e!) !uch a! managing $lood !ugar le*el!) regulating in lammation and $lood "re!!ure. Regulating the $alance o !alt and 'ater Controlling the + ight or light, re!"on!e to !tre!! Maintaining "regnancy Initiating and controlling !e#ual maturation during childhood and "u$erty.

    htt"-..en.'i&i"edia.org.'i&i./ile-Illu0adrenal0gland.1"g

    Anatomy of Adrenal Gland


    In human!) the right adrenal gland i! triangular !ha"ed% le t i! !emilunar !ha"ed. Each adrenal gland i! com"o!ed o t'o em$ryologically di!tinct $ut con1oined) gland!- the outer adrenal corte# and the inner adrenal medulla. Surrounded $y adi"o!e ca"!ule and renal a!cia.

    htt"-..'''.urologyhealth.org.urology.article!.image!.anatomy0Adrenal2l and0coronal.1"g

    Anatomy of Adrenal Cortex


    It i! deri*ed rom me!enchymal cell! that di erentiate! into three di!tinct zone!- zona glomerulo!a) zona a!cuculata and zona reticulari!. Contri$ute! to 345 o the gland6! 'eight. A""ear! yello' in gro!! !ectioning.

    Anatomy of Adrenal Medulla


    It ari!e! rom the neural cre!t cell! that in*ade the corte# in the 7nd month o etal de*elo"ment. Contri$ute! to 845 o the total adrenal 'eight. On gro!! !ectioning) the medulla i! dar& mahogany.

    htt"-..'''.cal!tatela.edu. aculty.mchen.(99574:ecture!.Adrena l!.""t

    Adrenal Glands Blood Supply


    Arterie! that !u""ly $lood to the adrenal gland. Su"erior !u"rarenal artery i! "ro*ided $y the in erior "hrenic artery. Middle !u"rarenal artery i! "ro*ided $y the a$dominal aorta. In erior !u"rarenal artery i! "ro*ided $y the renal artery.

    Adrenal Glands Blood Supply


    ;enou! drainage o achie*ed *iathe adrenal gland i!

    Right !u"rarenal *ein drain! into the in erior *ena ca*a. :e t !u"rarenal *ein drain! into the le t renal canal o the le t "hrenic *ein.

    htt"-..intranet.tdmu.edu.ua.data.&a edra.internal.di!tance.cla!!e! 0!tud.Engli!h.8cour!e.Biochemi!try.47574Biochemi!try574o 574hormone!.htm

    hysiolo!y of Adrenal Cortex


    The ma1or corte# hormone!) aldo!terone) corti!ol and dehydroe"iandro!terone !ul ate <D=EAS> are !ynthe!ized rom a common "recur!or) chole!terol $y each zonal layer!.

    ?ona 2lomerulo!a ?ona /a!ciculata ?ona Reticulari!

    Clinical Chemistry @Michael :. Bi!ho" MS MT <ASCA> C:S <BCA>) Ed'ard A. /ody MD) :arry E. Schoe MS MT <ASCA>C Dth edition

    "ona Glomerulosa
    Synthe!ize aldo!terone <mineralocorticoid!>. Critical or !odium retention <*olume>) "ota!!ium and acidE$a!e $alance. =a*e lo' cyto"la!micEtoEnuclear ratio and !mall nuclei 'ith den!e chromatin 'ith intermediate li"id inclu!ion!. 2 cell! con*ert chole!terol to "regnenolone.

    "ona Fasciculata
    Synthe!ize glucocorticoid! !uch a! corti!ol and corti!one) critical or $lood gluco!e homeo!ta!i! and $lood "re!!ure. Cord! o clear cell!) 'ith high cyto"la!micE toEnuclear ratio and li"id! laden 'ith oamy cyto"la!m. 2enerate androgen "recur!or D=EA <dehydroe"iandro!terone>

    "ona #eticularis
    Sul ate D=EA to D=EAS) the main adrenal androgen. Andro!tenedione and dehydroe"iandro!terone Shar"ly demarcated 'ith li"idEde icient cord! o irregular) den!e cell! 'ith li"o u!cin de"o!it!.

    Cortex Steroido!enesis
    Bio!ynthe!i! o hormone! occur *ia !u$!trate a*aila$ility) enzyme acti*itie! and inhi$itory eed$ac& loo"!.
    Stored LDL Use Acetyl-CoA Cortisol Primary !eedbac" #egulator$

    Circadian signals Serum cortisol Stress

    6 Carbons removed by Cytochrome P450

    C#$ % Corticotropin&#eleasin! $ormone AC'$ % Adrenocorticotropic $ormone

    Clinical Chemistry @Michael :. Bi!ho" MS MT <ASCA> C:S <BCA>) Ed'ard A. /ody MD) :arry E. Schoe MS MT <ASCA>C Dth edition

    hysiolo!y of Adrenal Medulla


    In re!"on!e to !ym"athetic !timulation) it !ecrete! catecholamine) the ir!t re!"onder! to !tre!!. Aromote! the ight or light re!"on!e 'hich increa!e! cardiac out"ut and $lood "re!!ure) di*ert! $lood to'ard mu!cle and $rain and mo$ilize! uel !torage.

    Biosynthesis and Stora!e of Catecholamine

    (O A % )&*+,&dihydroxyphenylalanine -MA' % -esicle Monoamine 'ransporters .M' % henylethanolamine N&methyltransferase

    / 0 % /pinephrine ./ % .orepinephrine

    Clinical Chemistry @Michael :. Bi!ho" MS MT <ASCA> C:S <BCA>) Ed'ard A. /ody MD) :arry E. Schoe MS MT <ASCA>C Dth edition

    Cortisol
    A glucocorticoid "roduced $y zona a!ciculata o the adrenal corte#. Main unction i! to control hemodynamic! <$lood "re!!ure> and gluco!e homeo!ta!i! <antiEin!ulin e ect>. Regulated $y ACT=% only hormone inhi$iting ACT= Diurnal% high le*el! in morning <DEF am> and lo'e!t at night <84 "mE87 am> 345 in inacti*e and $ound to "rotein <tran!cortin> Re erence *alue- FE8G mg.d:

    Biolo!ical /ffects of Cortisol


    Arotein nitrogen cata$oli!m increa!ed 2luconeogene!i! Increa!ed $lood gluco!e concentration Decrea!ed gluco!e tolerance Increa!ed li*er glycogen Increa!ed li*er glycogenoly!i! Decrea!ed "eri"heral u"ta&e and utilization o gluco!e Decrea!ed !ynthe!i! o acidE!ul ated muco"oly!accharide!

    Biolo!ical /ffects of Cortisol


    /at !ynthe!i! and redi!tri$ution Cellular or ti!!ue e ect! Antiin lammatory Di!!olution o lym"hoid ti!!ue :ym"ho"enia Eo!ino"enia Increa!ed erythro"oie!i! Alteration o cellular "ermea$ility) e!"ecially decrea!ed mem$rane "ermea$ility to 'ater Increa!ed ga!tric <=Cl and "e"!in> !ecretion

    1rinary Metabolites of Cortisol


    The li*er degrade! all glucocorticoid! meta$olite! e#creted in urine. 23&hydroxycorticosteroid Te!t- Poster-Silber %ethod & ' yello($ Reagent- Phenyl )ydra*ine in )+S,4 & alcohol 23&4eto!enic Steroids Te!t- -immermann #eaction & ' reddish .ur.le$ Reagent- %eta-dinitroben*ene O#idation Arocedure- /orymbers"i /a& bismuthate$

    #eferences5
    Clinical Chemistry @Michael :. Bi!ho" MS MT <ASCA> C:S <BCA>) Ed'ard A. /ody MD) :arry E. Schoe MS MT <ASCA>C 6th edition #evie7er for Clinical Chemistry @Maria Tere!a RodriguezC 8nd edition $enry9s Clinical (ia!nosis and Mana!ement by )aboratory Methods @Richard A. McAher!on) MD and Matthe' R. Aincu!) MD) AhDC 88nd /dition htt"-..'''.ouh!c.edu.hi!tology.2la!! 574!lide!.93049.1"g

    'han: you

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