CNAP Semester 3:: Switching Basics and Intermediate Routing
CNAP Semester 3:: Switching Basics and Intermediate Routing
CNAP Semester 3:: Switching Basics and Intermediate Routing
Module 4 SWITCHING
CONCEPTS
Cisco Regional Networking Academy
Version 3.0
Objectives
Compare store-and-forward and cut-through switching Understand the differences between hubs, bridges, and switches Describe the main functions of switches List the major switch frame transmission modes Describe the process by which switches learn addresses Identify and define forwarding modes Define LAN segmentation
Table of Content
1 Introduction to Ethernet/802.3 LANs 2 Introduction to LAN Switching 3 Switch Operation
INTRODUCTION TO
ETHERNET/802.3 LANS
Thin Ethernet
Limited to 185m before signal degradation Less expensive and still difficult to pull through buildings 10Mbps shared bandwidth
Segment
Segment
All nodes on a shared Ethernet media transmit and receive data using a data frame broadcast method
Half-duplex Networks
Network Latency
There is the time it takes the source NIC to place voltage pulses on the wire and the time it takes the receiving NIC to interpret these pulses. There is the actual propagation delay as the signal takes time to travel along the cable. Latency is added according to which networking devices, whether they are Layer 1, Layer 2, or Layer 3, are added to the path between the two communicating computers.
Full-duplex Transmitting
10 or 100 Mbps Full-Duplex 10 or 100 Mbps 10 or 100 Mbps 10 or 100 Mbps
Full-duplex Ethernet allows the transmission of a packet and the reception of a different packet at the same time. This connection is considered point-to-point and is collision free Full-duplex Ethernet offers 100% of the bandwidth in both directions
LAN Segmentation
Switches eliminate the impacts of collisions through the micro-segmentation Work with existing 802.3(CSMA/CD)
A 4 Data A to B C 3
Interface
2
1 2 3 4
B
A B C
Station
Data A to B
C 3
Data A to B
Interface
1 2 3 4 A x B C
Station
1 2 3 4 A x B B X C - Send out all port when destination address is broadcast, multicast, unknown - Forwards when destination on different segment
C
Data B to A
Station
A 4 Data B to A C 3
Interface
1 2 3 4 A x B X C
Station
Microsegmentation Implementation
Summary
The basic operations of a switch The differences between Layer 2 and Layer 3 switching Symmetric and asymmetric switching Memory buffering Store-and-forward and cut-through switchings The differences between hubs, bridges, and switches The main functions of switches Major switch frame transmission modes The process by which switches learn addresses The frame-filtering process LAN segmentation Microsegmentation using switching