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    Scaling IP Addresses - NAT

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    Vo Ngoc Hoang
    This document discusses WAN technologies including NAT, PAT, and DHCP. It describes how NAT and PAT can be used to map private IP addresses to public IP addresses to allow private networks to connect to the public internet. Static and dynamic NAT configurations are covered as well as PAT. DHCP is also summarized as allowing client devices to obtain IP configurations like IP addresses, gateways, and DNS servers automatically from a DHCP server.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Scaling IP Addresses - NAT

    Uploaded by

    Vo Ngoc Hoang
    122 views22 pages
    This document discusses WAN technologies including NAT, PAT, and DHCP. It describes how NAT and PAT can be used to map private IP addresses to public IP addresses to allow private networks to connect to the public internet. Static and dynamic NAT configurations are covered as well as PAT. DHCP is also summarized as allowing client devices to obtain IP configurations like IP addresses, gateways, and DNS servers automatically from a DHCP server.

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    Scaling IP Addresses_NAT

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    This document discusses WAN technologies including NAT, PAT, and DHCP. It describes how NAT and PAT can be used to map private IP addresses to public IP addresses to allow private networks to connect to the public internet. Static and dynamic NAT configurations are covered as well as PAT. DHCP is also summarized as allowing client devices to obtain IP configurations like IP addresses, gateways, and DNS servers automatically from a DHCP server.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    122 views22 pages

    Scaling IP Addresses - NAT

    Uploaded by

    Vo Ngoc Hoang
    This document discusses WAN technologies including NAT, PAT, and DHCP. It describes how NAT and PAT can be used to map private IP addresses to public IP addresses to allow private networks to connect to the public internet. Static and dynamic NAT configurations are covered as well as PAT. DHCP is also summarized as allowing client devices to obtain IP configurations like IP addresses, gateways, and DNS servers automatically from a DHCP server.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    CCNA Semester 4: WAN Technologies

    Module 1

    SCALING IP

    ADDRESSES

    Objectives
    Discuss characteristics of NAT and PAT Explain how to configure NAT and PAT Describe the characteristics of DHCP Explain how to configure DHCP

    Table of Content
    1 Scaling networks with Network Address Translation and Port Address Translation

    2 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

    SCALING NETWORKS WITH

    NAT AND PAT

    Private addressing
    10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

    Introducing NAT and PAT


    Cisco defines the following NAT terms:
    Inside local address Inside global address Outside local address Outside global address

    Major NAT and PAT features


    Static NAT is designed to allow one-to-one mapping of local and global addresses. Dynamic NAT is designed to map a private IP address to a public address. Any IP address from a pool of public IP addresses is assigned to a network host. Port Address Translation (PAT), maps multiple private IP addresses to a single public IP address

    Configuring static NAT


    Inside interface E0 S0 Outside interface

    Ip nat inside
    Inside host 10.1.1.2

    Ip nat outside

    Outside host

    Router(config)# ip nat inside source static 10.1.1.2 171.69.68.10 Router(config)# interface ethernet 0 Router(config-if)# ip nat inside Router(config)# interface serial 0 Router(config-if)# ip nat outside

    Configuring dynamic NAT/PAT


    E0 S0

    Internet

    10.1.1.2

    10.1.1.1

    179.9.8.1

    Define private IP addresses range: Router(config)# access-list 1 permit 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 Define public IP addresses pool: Router(config)# ip nat pool cisco 179.9.8.1 179.9.8.14 netmask 255.255.255.240 Establish dynamic source translation: Router(config)# ip nat inside source list 1 pool cisco overload Specify the inside and outside interface.

    10.1.1.3

    Verifying PAT configuration


    Clear ip nat translation * Clear ip nat translation inside global-ip local-ip outside local-ip global-ip Show ip nat translation Show ip nat statistics

    Troubleshooting NAT and PAT configuration


    1. Based on the configuration, clearly define what NAT is supposed to achieve. (Da vo
    cu hnh, nh ngha r rng, NAT g c nhim v hon thnh)

    2. Verify that correct translations exist in the translation table. 3. Verify the translation is occurring by using show and debug commands. 4. Review in detail what is happening to the packet and verify that routers have the correct routing information to move the packet along with NAT or PAT

    Issues with NAT


    NAT conserves the legally registered addressing scheme (NAT bo tn h thng t a ch 1 cch hp php) NAT increases the flexibility of connections to the public network (NAT tng tnh linh hot ca nhng kt ni n mng Public) Consistency of the internal network addressing scheme NAT increases delay

    Issues with NAT (cont.)


    Cisco IOS NAT does not support the following traffic types:
    Routing table updates DNS zone transfers BOOTP talk and ntalk protocols Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

    DHCP

    Introducing DHCP
    Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) works in a client/server mode. DHCP enables DHCP clients on an IP network to obtain their configurations from a DHCP server. A DHCP client is included in most modern operating systems including the various Windows operating systems, Novell Netware, Sun Solaris, Linux, and MAC OS.

    Dynamic addressing: DHCP


    DHCP Discover UDP Broadcast DHCP Offer UDP Broadcast DHCP Request DHCP Ack

    DHCP server
    MAC: Known IP: Unknown

    IP Address Gateway IP of servers And more

    IP1 IP2 IP3

    Configuring DHCP
    Specify DHCP pool: Router(config)# ip dhcp pool subnet12 Router(dhcp-config)# network 172.16.12.0 255.255.255.0 Router(dhcp-config)# default-router 172.16.12.254 Router(dhcp-config)# dns-server 172.16.1.2 Router(dhcp-config)# netbios-name-server 172.16.1.3 Router(dhcp-config)# domain-name cisco.com Specify the excluded IP addresses range: Router(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address startip-address end-ip-address

    DHCP relay
    SRC MAC: MAC A DST MAC: FFFF.FFFF.FFFF IP SRC: ? IP DST: 255.255.255.255 UD P 67 CIADDR: ? GIADDR: ? MASK: ? CHADDR: MAC A

    A E0: 192.168.1.1/24 IP??? Ip helper-address 192.168.2.254

    E1: 192.168.2.1/24

    SRC MAC: E1 DST MAC: MAC SERVER

    IP SRC: 192.168.2.1 IP DST: 192.168.2.254

    UD P 67

    CIADDR: ? GIADDR: 192.168.1.1 MASK: ? CHADDR: MAC A

    server: 192.168.2.254

    DHCP relay (cont.)


    SRC MAC: E0 DST MAC: MAC A IP SRC: 192.168.2.254 IP DST: 192.168.1.10 UD P 68 CIADDR: 192.168.1.10 GIADDR: 192.168.1.1 MASK: 255.255.255.0 CHADDR: MAC A

    A E0: 192.168.1.1/24 IP??? Ip helper-address 192.168.2.254

    E1: 192.168.2.1/24

    SRC MAC:MAC SERV DST MAC: E1

    IP SRC: 192.168.2.254 IP DST: 192.168.1.10

    UD P 68

    CIADDR:192.168.1.10 GIADDR: 192.168.1.1 MASK: 255.255.255.0 CHADDR: MAC A

    server: 192.168.2.254

    Summary
    Private addresses are for private, internal use and should never be routed by a public Internet router. NAT alters the IP header of a packet so that the destination address, the source address, or both addresses are replaced with different addresses. PAT uses unique source port numbers on the inside global IP address to distinguish between translations. NAT and PAT may be configured for static translation, dynamic translation, and overloading DHCP works in a client/server mode, enabling clients to obtain IP configurations from a DHCP server

    Q&A

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