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NATIONAL MANAGEMENT COLLEGE

SENIOR MANAGEMENT WING, LAHORE 12thSenior Management Course

Service Group Presentation

Police Service of Pakistan

By

Taimoor Ali Khan PSP Sponsor DS: Intisar Ahmed Khan

2012

PSP PARTICIPANTS
1. Mr. Khalid Mahmood
2. Mr. Wisal Fakhar Sultan 3. Dr. Usman Anwar 4. Mr. Kashif Alam 5. Mr. Ali Ahmad Sabir Kiyani

SEQUENCE

Introduction Historical evolution Relevant laws Functions Management of PSP Management style Cardinal Issues Policy options & Recommendations

Change management for enhancing performance

Relevance of PSP to the Changing Paradigm of Governance & Its

Likely Future Evolution Conclusion

Police Service of Pakistan

One of the 12 occupational groups of the Central Superior Services Article 240 read with Entry 11, Federal Legislative List Part I) A service common to federation & provinces Managed by Federal Govt. through ED & provinces Trained for management of police and law enforcement organizations

SOME IMAGES

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HISTORICAL EVOLUTION

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Historical Development before 1857

Sultanate & Mughal Administration

1792-3
Established by Cornwallis in Bengal

1808
Independent heads of Police in Bengal

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Historical Development around 1857

1843
Sir Charles Napier professional police on Irish model in Sind

1856
Police Commissioners in Calcutta, Madras & Bombay

1861
Institutionalization of police in India

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Police Act 1861 - Features

Passed in aftermath of the 1857 war of independence. Based on Irish Constabulary Acts of 1822 and 1836.

Designed to support land revenue collection & law and

order maintenance.

Subservient to the executive. Highly militaristic and authoritarian in design. Emphasis on maintenance of a type of discipline, bordering
regimentation, that requiring the lower ranks to blindly obey orders.

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Police Act 1861 - Features

Accountable to their internal hierarchy and the executive. Structurally embedded Elitist bias, distrust of the lower
ranks (Section 7 uses the word Inferior Officers for junior ranks).

generally the British remained indifferent to the public

complaints against the police.* * Gurr, Ted Robert, Grabosky, Peter N. and Hula, Richard C. 1977, The Politics of Crime
and Conflict: A Comparative History of Four Cities. California, Beverly Hills: Sage.

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contd

Training regimen focused on physical fitness and drills

rather on education.

Control never went beyond mere symbolism. * a rulers force with little provision for citizen
accountability.**

* Peers, Douglas M. 1991. Torture, the Police, and the Colonial State in the Madras Presidency, 1816-55. Criminal Justice History. v 12. ** Das, Dilip K. and Verma, Arvind. 1998. The Armed Police in the British Colonial Tradition: The Indian Perspective. Police Studies: The International Review of Police Development and Management. Vol. 21 N 2, pp. 354-367.

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Historical Development After Independence

1947-48
Independence! Pakistan adopted Police Act of India

14th August 2002

New organic law promulgated

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Developments after Independence

Police System under 1861 Act remained enforced. Police grew in its nuisance value as local elites relied on the
police to consolidate their power.*

* Suddle, Muhammad Shoaib, Reinventing the Anachronistic Police Organisation of Pakistan, paper presented at The 1999 British Criminology Conference, Liverpool, July 1999.

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Initiatives to Reform Police

Since 1947, 11 Police Commissions/Committees and 4 International Missions
1948 Passage of Bill to introduce a Metropolitan System of Policing in Karachi

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1961 1962 1970 1976 1976 1976 1981

Recommendations of Sir Oliver Bilbert Grace, IG Police, NWFP

Police Commission headed by Mr. Justice J.B. Constantine Pay & Services Reorganization Committee (Justice Cornelius) Police Commission headed by Major General A.O. Mitha Police Station Enquiry Committee headed by M.A.K. Chaudhry, IG Police Law and Order Sub-Committee headed by Ch. Fazal Haque Police Reforms Committee headed by Rafi Raza Orakazi Committee on Police Welfare, Promotion & Seniority Rules

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Contd
1982 1983 1983 1985 1987 1989 1990 1996 1997 1998 2000 Cabinet Committee of Emoluments of SHOs. Cabinet Committee on Determining the Status of SHOs Sahibzada Rauf Ali Committee The police Committee headed by Mr. Aslam Hayat Report of the two members delegations visit to Bangladesh and India Report of the 7-Member delegations visit to Bangladesh and India Police Reforms Implementation Committee M.A.K. Chaudhary Report of the Japanese Police Delegation on the Police System in Pakistan Committee on Police Reforms under the Chairmanship of Interior Minister Report of the Good Governance Group on Police Reforms: Committee Vision Report of the Focal Group on Police Reforms: NRB Draft 2000

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Contd.

All Committees and Missions recommended policing

reforms in Pakistan.

Recommendations of the most of Commissions were

general and incremental within the 1861 paradigm.

Only peripheral changes in procedures.

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Police Order 2002 - Features

Promulgated on Aug, 14, 2002, replaced Police Act 1861. Re-defined role and responsibilities of police giving
precedence to service function.

Operational and Administrative Autonomy.

Public participation and external accountability through
DPSCs and CPLCs.

Separation of Investigation from Watch & Ward. Annual Policing Plan.

Tenure based system of posting.

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Contd

Better Service delivery through re-organization and reconfiguration.

Police Accountability: three tiers

Civilian Oversight (Public Safety Commissions & Police Complaint
Authority)

Internal Accountability Judicial Review

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Police Order - Internal Accountability Mechanisms

Article 155 - misconduct or dereliction of duty by police
officers (up to 3 years imprisonment and fine)

Article 156 Vexatious entry, search, arrest, torture etc

(up to 5 years imprisonment and fine)

Article 157 Delay in producing arrested person in court

(up to 1 year imprisonment and fine)

Inspections

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Police Order - External oversight mechanisms

Public Safety and Police Complaints Commissions at
different levels.

District Criminal Justice Co-ordination Committee. Citizens Police Liaison Committee.

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Police Order 2002 - Vulnerabilities

Not product of a consultation process or parliamentary debate.

Consent of the provinces never sought.

Not aligned with our environ and political culture - civilian oversight
models transplanted from UK and Japanese environments.

Want of full ownership by police.

Mechanisms of public oversight and accountability faced resistance
by
the political allies of the government, the bureaucracy, segments within the police.

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An Amended Police Order

Police Order (Amendment) Ordinance, 2004 amended or
replaced 73 of 187 articles.

Merged complaints bodies and PSCs.

Altered the composition of the PSCs to include MNAs and

MPAs.

Number of independent members reduced from one-half

to one-third in the district safety commission.

Rendered PSC recommendations non-binding. Amendments diluted that autonomy and weakened
mechanisms for civilian oversight and internal accountability.

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Progress or Regression?
On14th July, 2011, the Sindh (Repeal of the Police Order,
2002 and Revival of the Police Act, 1861) Act, 2011 was passed.
S. 3 of the Act repealed Police Order 2002.

S. 2 revived the Police Act,1861 (Act No.V of 1861).

On 19th August 2011, the Balochistan Provincial legislature

passed the Balochistan Police Act No. X of 2011.
S. 46 of the Act repealed Police Order 2002 in Balochistan.

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Development of Police Service

British Army Officers commanded Indian Police. First Imperial Police Service (IPS) exams held in 1919.

Ratio of native officers increased to 50% in 1939.

Renamed as PSP after independence. Police Group formed under Administrative Reforms 1973

All Pakistan Unified Grades (DMG + Police + SG) All Service Cadres abolished and replaced by reorganized system of Occupational Groups Adoption of Basic Pay Scales structure PSP restored in 1985

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Relevant laws and Regulatory Environment Affecting Structure, Size & Functions of PSP

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Relevant laws
Parliament has the exclusive power to legislate for the the
Police Service of Pakistan (Entry 11, Federal Legislative List Part I).

Constitutional Provisions: Article 240, read with Federal Legislative List, Part I, item 11

Statutory Framework for PSP:

Civil Servants Act, 1973

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Contd

Delegated Legislation:
The Occupational Groups and Services (Probation, Training and
Seniority) Rules, 1990

PSP (Composition, Cadre & Seniority) Rules 1985

Ancillary Instructions, etc. (Estacode)

Federal Govt. Rules of Business 1973: Establishment Division manages,
inter alia, PSP

Organic police law:

Police Order 2002 in KP and Punjab Police Act 1861 in Sindh, GB,AJK, and ICT

Balochistan Police Act 2011 in Balochistan

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Responsibilities and Functions

Articles 3, 4 and 5 of the Police Order, 2002.
Protecting life, property and liberty of citizens Preserving and promoting public peace Protecting rights of individuals in custody Preventing the commission of offences and public nuisance

Collecting and communicating intelligence

Keeping order

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Contd

Detecting and bringing offenders to justice

Assisting in prevention of the public from exploitation by any
person or organised groups

Preventing harassment of women and children in public

places

Affording relief to people in distress situations, particularly in

respect of women and children

Providing assistance to victims of road accidents and assisting

accident victims or their heirs or dependents

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MANAGEMENT OF PSP CADRE

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Police Ranks

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Rank-wise Break-up
Rank Inspector General of Police (IGP) Additional Inspector General of Police (Addl. IGP) Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) Superintendent of Police (SP) Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) Total PSP Officers Number 2 38

111 228 163 127 669

Source: Establishment Division

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PSP Deployment
Organization Punjab Sindh KP Balochistan Fed. Govt AJK/GB Total PSP Officers 227 115 55 87 185 27.65% 669 %age

33.93%
17.19% 8.22% 13.00%
Punjab Sindh KP

Balochistan
Fed. Govt AJK/GB

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Composition by Gender
13 female PSP officers Deputy Inspector General: 1

Female Assistant Superintendents of Police : 12

Organization Islamabad Capital Territory Police Punjab Sindh Number 3 7 2

KP Baluchistan

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Composition

Officers recruited as ASsP( BS-17) through CSS (FPSC)

Officers Inducted from the Armed Forces (BS-17) Encadred Provincial Police Officers (BS-18) Military Officers through lateral Entry

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Federal Police/Law Enforcement Organizations & Tasks

Core Tasks
Investigation of White Collar Crime; Immigration; Human Trafficking Intelligence collection, analysis and dissemination Security to internal borders; internal security Traffic management on national highways

Organization
Federal Investigation Agency

Intelligence Bureau
Frontier Constabulary NH&MP

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contd.
Core Tasks
Police Leadership & Management; national focal point on all policerelated matters Policing along the railways

Organization
National Police Bureau

Railways Police

Counter-terrorism
Police learning and development Welfare and enterprise development

NACTA
National Police Academy Police Foundation

Limiting trafficking and distribution of ANF narcotics Policing in federal territory, AJK, GB ICTP, GBP, AJKP

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Typical Functional Formations of Provincial Police

PROVINCIAL POLICE HEADQUARTERS
FIELD FORMATIONS
Regional Police Capital City Police City Police District Police CiD Traffic Police Investigation Branch

SPECIALIZED AGENCIES
Police College Reserve Constabulary Special Branch

Investigations

Training

Highway and Patrolling Police

VVIP Security

Elite/Tactical

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Generic Provincial Organization Chart

PPO / IGP
AIG / Ops Addl IGP CID Addl IGP Spl Br DIGs DIGs (2) DIG Inv Addl IGP Inv Br DIG Crime

PSO

DIG Hqrs

Comdt PC

CCPO Lahore

CPO (4)

AIG Discipline

Dy Comdt PC

RPOs (7)

Addl IGP Training

Addl IGP Dir R & D

Addl IGP Addl IGP Addl IGP Addl IGP W&F PHP T&T EPF

Addl IGP Estt

Comdt Sihala

DIG I&V

AIG Dev

AIG Admn

AIG Legal

DPR

DIG Traffic

Director SIU 54

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Human Resource Management

Recruitment

Initial recruitment at ASP level through FPSC Induction of army officers as ASP

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Professional Learning and Development

Induction Training

CTP at Civil Services Academy

STP (ICC) at National Police Academy

Hands-on field training

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Contd

4 Weeks

34 Weeks

30 Weeks

4 Weeks

Total

72 Weeks

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Training Content of ICC

Law Subjects

Professional learning modules

Physical
PT & Parade
Weapon Handling & Musketry

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Continued learning and development

MCMC SMC NMC Specialized professional training courses Foreign/International training activities

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Problem Areas in Learning and Development

Focus on physical training, drill and musketry than on
cultivation of professional skills and attitudes.

Training content not commensurate with on-ground needs. No National Policy on Police Learning &
Development/Training.

No cascading of newly learnt skills, concepts and techniques Impact of Security Situation on Training

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Contd Promotion

Promotion policy formulated by Federal Government in consultation with Provincial Governments. Seniority cum fitness & mandatory training based promotion by Federal Government

BS-17 to BS-18 : BS-18 to BS-19 : BS-19 to BS-20 : BS-20 to BS-21 : BS-21 to BS-22 :

05 years 12 years 17 years 22 years 02 years service in BS-21

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Problem Areas in Human Resource Management

Inadequacies in Career Planning. Politicization of postings/transfers of PSP officers. Rapid change of policies and regulatory environment. Cadre strength does not reflect expanding size of provincial and federal police/LE organizations. Disillusionment & demotivation. Want of PSP representation in Establishment Division.

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Allocation of Financial Resources

Province/Unit Punjab Police Sindh Police KP Police Baluchistan Police Islamabad Police Strength 177,492 102,000 52,000 19,000 20,000 Budget 2011-12 (Rs.
in billions)

52.00 29.00 21.00 07.00 04.00

Total

370,000

113.00

Source: National Police Bureau

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MANAGEMENT STYLE

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Decision Making and Management Style

Traditionally hierarchical, regimented and militarized organizations. Function under laws, highly defined rule systems and strict operational guidelines. Work under high levels of stress emanating from multiple sources. Large power distance. Decision-making mostly downstream from top to bottom.

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Contd

Institutional framework to facilitate strategic

decision making through

National Police Bureau National Police Management Board Police Executive Board (Punjab initiative)

Annual Policing Plan, a statutory requirement under Article 32 of Police Order 2002

Provincial Policing Plan District Policing Plan

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CHALLENGES

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Demand for service

1. Obsolete policing model & lack of modern policing skills

Increasing
demand for service delivery

2. Professionalization

3. Internal working procedures

4. Disconnect with communities

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Public Order
Population growth and youth bulge Inter-institutional mistrust Deepening sectarian and ethnic

Deteriorating Public Order

cleavages
Inadequate intelligence Poor analytical capacity

Ineffective strategies

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Terrorism
First line of defence Visible targets (2003-2011 - 4364 killed 10000

Terrorism
and Militancy

injured)*

Constrained access to information

Intelligence fusing and actionable

intelligence

Asymmetric abilities
* South Asian Terrorism portal

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Capacity

1. Regulatory environment 2. Career planning and work environ

Organizational and management capacity deficit

3. Continuous learning and development

4. Access to information
5. Leveraging of community resources

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Public Confidence

1. Deviance and Corruption 2. Organizational culture

Public confidence deficit

3. Community-oriented policing values

4. Effective and accessible accountability

5. Citizen-focused policing

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CARDINAL ISSUES

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Cardinal Issues Identified

1. Nebulous, anomalous and non-uniform legal
environment.

2. Deficit in managerial capacity. 3. Perception that postings and transfers in policing

institutions are often politically motivated.

4. Inadequacy of Professional expertise in PSP

officers.

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Contd

5. Restricted access to information and intelligence to

make intelligence-driven, evidence-based decisions, planning and policy formulation.

6. Policing not responsive to public needs and

expectations.

7. Ineffective or in accessible accountability

mechanisms.

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Conclusion
Environment and demands for policing are
changing and getting more complex and more challenging.

PSP officers need more capacity to negotiate

the new challenges and demands.

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RECOMMENDATIONS/ POLICY OPTIONS

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Recommendations/policy options
Issue identified Recommendations

1.

Deficit in managerial capacity.

Establish and implement in conjunction with provincial governments a Career Planning Framework for PSP officers.
Prepare and notify the Police Rules to fill in the yawning gap in the internal working procedures of the district police in the new institutional environment.

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Contd

Issue identified
1.

Recommendations

Nebulous, anomalous and non-uniform legal environment.

Adapt Police Order 2002 to provincial needs maintaining its basic structure and features in the provinces.

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Contd
Issue identified Recommendations

2.

Perception that postings and transfers in policing institutions are often politically motivated.

Strengthen Establishment Division with a view to ensure that merit and not improper political expedience determine these postings. Formulate an equitable and stable rotation policy to serve in provinces.

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Contd
Issue identified Recommendations

3.

Inadequacy of Professional expertise in PSP officers.

Provide a framework through which learning, development and other solutions to achieve organizational objectives are identified, designed, delivered and evaluated in a consistent and inclusive way across all police and law enforcement organizations. Establishment of a PSP-specific in-service training regime, and its linkage with professional development that is informed by a continuously TNA process.

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Contd
Issue identified Recommendations

4.

Developing and promulgating a policy framework to ensure that foreign training opportunities for PSP are (a) informed by a TNA process, relevant to policing needs in the country, and (b) those availing the training are assigned positions relevant to acquired knowledge and skills. Policing not responsive to public needs and expectations. Institutionalize community policing principles and values across police structures and processes including performance evaluation embedding problem-solving and partnership in all mainstream policing activities.

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Contd

Issue identified
5.

Recommendations

Ineffective or inaccessible accountability mechanisms.

Establish functioning, people friendly and accessible mechanisms and procedures for Police accountability by empowering oversight and managerial bodies like the Public Safety and Complaints Commissions and the National Police Management Board.

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Contd
Issue identified Recommendations

6.

Institutionalize an efficient mechanism Restricted access timely dissemination all intelligence to information and relevant to policing and internal security. intelligence to make intelligence Establish through appropriate legislation driven, evidenceof a countrywide, standardized and based decisions, integrated data-base of crime statistics. planning and policy formulation.

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CHANGE MANAGEMENT

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Change Management
Structure as determinant of change in police organizations

Staged approach: Exploration Commitment Planning Implementation Monitoring/Revising Ownership by leadership

PSP officers as change agents

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RELEVANCE OF PSP TO CHANGING PARADIGM & LIKELY FUTURE EVOLUTION

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Strengths of PSP
Represents Federal Government

Diverse and country-wide experience

More public confidence Capable of innovation Ability to work in stressful conditions

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Relevance of PSP

The changing paradigm of governance is posing new challenges with respect policing service delivery.
No development without effective policing.

PSP officers must transform itself into a modern professional service capable of providing meaningful leadership to police in 21st century

Align attitudes and culture with democratic values.

Citizen-centric policing. No effective policing without adequate resources.

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Thanks God Bless You All!

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