Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 66 views

    Diabetes

    Uploaded by

    Lawrence Larson
    Pancreatic endocrine disorders involve hormone disorders of the pancreas, including diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is caused by defects in insulin secretion or insulin action, resulting in hyperglycemia. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1 caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells; type 2 where the pancreas produces insulin but tissues are insulin resistant; and gestational diabetes during pregnancy. Complications of diabetes include hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, infections, and damage to nerves, eyes, kidneys, and blood vessels from high blood glucose over time. Treatment involves glucose monitoring, nutrition, exercise, medication and education to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Diabetes

    Uploaded by

    Lawrence Larson
    66 views25 pages
    Pancreatic endocrine disorders involve hormone disorders of the pancreas, including diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is caused by defects in insulin secretion or insulin action, resulting in hyperglycemia. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1 caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells; type 2 where the pancreas produces insulin but tissues are insulin resistant; and gestational diabetes during pregnancy. Complications of diabetes include hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, infections, and damage to nerves, eyes, kidneys, and blood vessels from high blood glucose over time. Treatment involves glucose monitoring, nutrition, exercise, medication and education to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Pancreatic endocrine disorders involve hormone disorders of the pancreas, including diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is caused by defects in insulin secretion or insulin action, resulting in hyperglycemia. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1 caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells; type 2 where the pancreas produces insulin but tissues are insulin resistant; and gestational diabetes during pregnancy. Complications of diabetes include hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, infections, and damage to nerves, eyes, kidneys, and blood vessels from high blood glucose over time. Treatment involves glucose monitoring, nutrition, exercise, medication and education to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    66 views25 pages

    Diabetes

    Uploaded by

    Lawrence Larson
    Pancreatic endocrine disorders involve hormone disorders of the pancreas, including diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is caused by defects in insulin secretion or insulin action, resulting in hyperglycemia. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1 caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells; type 2 where the pancreas produces insulin but tissues are insulin resistant; and gestational diabetes during pregnancy. Complications of diabetes include hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, infections, and damage to nerves, eyes, kidneys, and blood vessels from high blood glucose over time. Treatment involves glucose monitoring, nutrition, exercise, medication and education to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 25

    Pancreatic Endocrine Disorders

    Diabetes Mellitus

    Hormone disorders of the pancreas

    Specialized cell of pancreas, produce insulin Insulin for glucose uptake into the cells American Diabetes Association defines

    Group of metabolic diseases

    Hyperglycemia Defects in insulin secretion Insulin action

    Classification of Diabetes Disorders

    Type 1

    Insulin dependent

    Type 2

    Non-insulin dependent
    During pregnancy

    Gestational diabetes

    Impaired glucose metabolism

    Signs and Symptoms


    Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia Blurred vision Mood changes Weight loss

    Numbness and tingling in the extremities Infections

    Type 1

    Immune-mediated

    Autoimmune destruction of beta cells Antibodies Inhibit cell function Without an identifiable cause Genetic predisposition Trigger

    Idiopathic

    Type 1

    Goal

    Metabolic stabilization Restore weight Minimize negative impact

    Type 2

    Pancreas produces insulin Tissues insulin resistant Not dependent on insulin injection to sustain life. May require insulin for glucose control

    Goals for treatment


    Achieve glucose control Prevent vascular complications


    Macrovascular Microvascular

    Gestational Diabetes

    2nd or 3rd trimester After delivery no longer a medical condition At risk developing type 2 later in life

    Impaired Glucose Homeostatasis

    Glucose above normal range

    Does not meet criteria for diagnosis of type2

    At risk for developing type 2 and macrovascular complications

    Elevated blood glucose


    Impaired insulin secretion Altered carbohydrate absorption Increased basal hepatic glucose production Decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake

    Impaired Glucose Homeostasis

    Goals of treatment

    Relief of symptoms Prevent complications Nutrition therapy Exercise Weight reduction

    Insulin

    Proper insulin management Types of insulin


    Ultra-rapid, short acting Rapid, short acting Intermediate acting Long acting

    Complications of Diabetes

    Hypoglycemic reaction

    To much insulin in relation to glucose intake Signs and symptoms


    Weak, headache Feelings of hunger Nervousness, perspires Dizziness, confusion

    Hypoglycemia reaction

    Treatment

    Carbohydrates Glucagon

    Somogyi phenomenon

    Hypoglycemic, compensatory rebound hyperglycemia Body correcting problem by increasing glucose production not enough glucose for insulin to act Body secrets glucagon to correct hypoglycemia

    Complications of Diabetes

    Hyperglycemia Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) results from a lack of effective insulin Signs and Symptoms

    Weak, drowsiness, vomiting Thirst, dehydration, Breathing and pulse rapid and deep

    hyperglycemia

    Treatment

    Fluids and electrolyte replacement Vital sign monitored frequently Check urine for ketones Evaluate mentation

    Nonketotic Hyperosmolar State

    Elevated blood glucose >600, without ketosis Causes

    Severe stress, diurectics, undiagnosed diabetes Hyperglycemia, severe dehydration

    Signs and symptoms

    Infections

    Aggravates diabetes Increase glucose concentration


    Damage blood vessels Susceptible to infections Yeast and fungal infections

    Infections

    Treatments

    Diabetes management essential Injury prevention measures

    Surgical Complications

    Prone to infections

    Poor wound healing Impaired circulation-microvascular Glucose monitoring Signs of complications Meticulous skin care

    Post-operative care

    Macrovascular Complications

    High blood glucose may increase arteriosclerosis Decreased blood flow causes oxygen deprivation in tissues Diabetic ulcers Hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease

    Neuropathy

    Diabetic neuropathy

    Nerve damage

    Peripheral and autonomic neuropathy

    Retinopathy

    Loss of the functional retinal tissue blindness

    Client Teaching

    Physician Glucose monitoring Nutrition Medication Healthcare


    Foot care Vision impairment

    You might also like