11prm Articles Guide
11prm Articles Guide
11prm Articles Guide
PreparedbyGecamin February2011
TABLEOFCONTENTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Objectives GENERALSTRUCTURE LANGUAGE 3.1. Translationandedition UNITSOFMEASUREMENT 4.1. Currency PAPERSTRUCTURE 5.1. Firstpage 5.1.1. Title 5.1.2. Author(s)information 5.1.3. Abstract 5.2. Subsequentpages 5.2.1. Headings 5.2.2. Bodytext 5.2.3. Bullets 6. TABLES 6.1. Tableformat 6.2. Tablecaptions 6.3. Separatefiles 7. 8. EQUATIONS 7.1. Inserting FIGURES 8.1. Insertingandformat 8.2. Figurecaptions 8.3. Separatefiles 9. REFERENCES 9.1. Intextcitation 9.2. Listofreferences 10. APPENDICES AppendixA AppendixB AppendixC Checklist CommonlymisspelledwordsBritishEnglish SIUnitschecklist 17 18 21 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 11 11 12
1. INTRODUCTION
Author guidelines are to be followed by all who will submit a manuscript to a Gecamin event.Pleaseviewthecompletecalendarofeventsatwww.gecamin.cl. All documents submitted for publication will undergo a peerreview process and must strictlyfollowtheprerequisitesestablishedhere.Learnmoreaboutthereviewprocessin theAuthorssectionoftheeventwebsite.
1.1. Objectives
Theobjectiveofthisguidelineistoprovideauthorswiththenecessaryformattingandstyle parametersforthesubmissionoffullarticles.Thegoalisforallsubmitteddocumentstobe structuredinthesameformatandstyle,anduselanguageappropriateforaninternational publication.
2. GENERALSTRUCTURE
AllmanuscriptsmustbesubmittedinalettersizeMicrosoftWordfileincludingtablesand figuresdulyinserted.Alltablesandfiguresmustalsobesubmittedinseparatefilesintheir originalfileformats. Themaximumlengthforthecompletemanuscriptis8pages.Anyfiguresortablesinsertedin thedocumentmustfitinlessthanonepageincludingcaptions. TextmustbesinglespacedusingPalatinoLinotypefontandjustified.Onlysinglecolumn layoutwillbeaccepted.Pleaseseespecificationsforheadings,bulletsandcaptionsinthe sectionsbelow. Marginsmustbe3cmatthetop,leftandright,and2.5cmatthebottom.Authorsmustavoid blankpageswherepossible.
3. LANGUAGE
Englishistheofficiallanguageforalldocumentssubmittedforpeerreviewandpublication. BritishEnglishspellingismandatorypleasesetyourprogramsspellcheckertoBritish Englishandalsoseethelistofusuallymisspelledwordsformoreexamplesandtips(Appendix B).
3.1. TranslationsandEdition
IfEnglishisnotthenativelanguageoftheauthor(s),Gecaminrecommendsthetextbe translatedoreditedbyaprofessionaltranslatorpriortosubmission.Gecamindoesnot providethisserviceyetcanrecommendfreelanceprofessionalstoallauthors.Please contacttheeventscoordinatorformoreinformation.
4. UNITSOFMEASUREMENT
Alldocumentssubmittedforpublicationmustusetheinternationalsystemofunits(SIunits). PleaseseeAppendixCforalistofSIunitindications.ForfurtherinformationonSIunits, pleasevisithttp://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/general.html.
4.1. Currency
Allcurrencyshouldbeabbreviatedaccordingtothefollowinglist.
Currencyabbreviations Australiandollars Brazilianreal(pl.reais) Canadiandollars Peruviannuevosol Peso(seenotebelow) UnitedKingdompound USdollar SouthAfricanrand
A$ R C$ Ns Ps US$ R
4.2. Numbersinthetext
Unlessnumbersrefertounitsofmeasurement,theyshouldbewritteninletters.Pleasenote thisonlyappliestonumbersbetweenoneandten.Example: 5. Nearlytwobilliontonnesofore...(yes) Nearly2billiontonnesofore...(no)
PAPERSTRUCTURE 5.1. Firstpage Thefirstpageofthemanuscriptshouldcontainatitle,thenameofauthorsandtheir affiliations,andarevisedabstract(previouslysubmittedandapproved). Thetitle,authorsandaffiliations,andtheabstractmustnotexceedonetotalpage. 5.1.1. Title Thetitleoftheworkshouldexplainthegeneraltopicofthepaper.Thetitleofthe articlemustnotexceed100totalcharactersincludingspaces.Specifics:
Titlemustbewritteninsentencecase,meaningonlythefirstletterofthe sentenceiscapitalised,withtheexceptionofpropernouns Useonlyoneline,ifpossible Avoidbeginningwithapreposition,e.g.,ThestudyoforOnthe Spelloutacronyms,unlesstheyarewidelyknown Leftaligned 18pt.,bold Paragraphspacing:before14pt,after20pt. Restrictions:donotusetrademarksorcountryoforigin,unlesspertinentto thetopic
5.1.2. Author(s)information Thenameandlastnameofallauthorsmustbelisteddirectlybelowthetitle.Authors shouldbelistedaccordingtothedegreeofinputtothework;thefirstauthorlistedis theprimaryauthor.Thecorrespondingauthorshouldbeclearlymarkedwithan asterisk;donotuseothermarkingsymbols.Specifics: 5.1.3. Abstract TheabstractshouldfollowtheAbstractGuidelinesestablishedfortheevent. Specifics: Maximum300words Minimum150words Noheadings,figuresorothersmustbeincludedintheabstract,onlytext 10pt.,normal Justifiedalignment,singlespaced Paragraphspacing:before4pt.,after3pt. Writeonlyonefirstnameandonelastname;middleinitialsareaccepted Omittitlesordegrees,suchasDr.,Prof.,Ph.D.,etc. Leftaligned;leftindentation1.25cm 10pt.,namesinbold,affiliationsinitalics Paragraphspacing:before8pt.,after0pt.
anddevelopedinaconciseandclearmanner.Itisofutmostimportancetofollowthe establishedformattonotsurpassthetotalpagesallowed.Pleaseseeeachpointbelowfor structureandstylespecifications.Pleasenotethatdocumentswhichdonotfollowthese specificationswillberejectedandreturnedforproperformatting. 5.2.1. Headings Headingsarethesectionstitles.Theyexplainthesectionandguidethereader throughthearticle.Headingsmustcontainatmost100characterseach(including spaces).Allsectionheadingsmustbeformattedaccordingthecorresponding hierarchy:
Headings
(Level1) Heading1
Format
PalatinoLinotype 11pt,bold Before24pt.,after6pt. Leftaligned Allcapitalletters PalatinoLinotype 11pt,bold Before14pt.,after6pt. Leftaligned PalatinoLinotype 11pt,bold,italic Before14pt.,after6pt. Leftaligned PalatinoLinotype 11pt,italic Before14pt.,after6pt. Leftaligned
Example
INTRODUCTION
(Level2) Heading2
Integrationwithexistingwater treatmentplants
(Level3) Heading3
Integracitionwithexistingwater treatmentplants
(Level4) Heading4
Integrationwithexistingwatertreatment plants
RESULTSANDDISCUSSION Subheading Subheading Subheading CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS(Optional) NOMENCLATURE(Optional) REFERENCES APPENDIX(Optional) 5.2.2. Bodytext ThebodytextmustbewrittenusingBritishEnglishspellinginastyleusingdirect andconciselanguage,appropriateforaninternationalpublication.Thefirsttime acronymsornomenclatureisusedinthetext,theymustbeexplained;followinguses donotneedexplanations.Theonlywordstocapitalisearethefirstwordofeach sentenceandpropernouns,allothersmustnotbecapitalised.Specifics: PalatinoLinotype 10pt. Singlespaced,justified Paragraphspacing:before4pt.,after3pt. Noindentation Onlyonespaceafterfullstop PleaseonlyuseitalicsforbacteriumorotherscientificLatinnames.Donot useitalicsforcommonlyusedLatinwords,suchas: 5.2.3. Bullets Standardbulletsmustbeusedsparinglytolistideasandinformation.Inthetext, pleaseinsertafullcolonindicatingthestartofabulletlist.Specifics: PalatinoLinotype 10pt. i.e.,e.g. insitu,exsitu etal. etc.
5.2.4. Examples Bulletswithheadings: Pasteandthickenedtailingsmanagement:commonlyobservedispasteandthickened tailings. Normalbullets: Pasteandthickenedtailingsmanagement Historicaltechniques Pasteandthickenedtailingstransportation 6. TABLES 6.1. Tableformat Tablesmustbecentredandmustonlyshowlinesatthetopandbottomedgesofthetop andbottomrows,aswellasbelowthetitleline.Nootherrowsorcolumnsmustshow lines.Specifics: Sentencecasemustbeused Tabletextmustbeleftaligned,9pt. Paragraphspacingbefore0pt.,after0pt. Donotusecoloursinthetable Includeoneemptylineafterthetable,beforethenextsection/text
6.3. Separatefiles
7. EQUATIONS 7.1. Inserting WheninsertingequationspleaseuseMicrosoftEquation,afeaturefoundinMSWordfor thispurposespecifically.Pleasenumberallequationswithparenthesis(#),alignedtothe rightoftheequation(closetopageborder). Donotusefullstops,asterisks,orxtoindicatemultiplication.Ifrequired,pleaseusethe correctmultiplicationsymbolorthemiddledot.InMSWorduse>Insert>Symbol. Pleasebeconsistentwiththeuseofitalicsforvariablenames.Ifavariableisexpressedin italicswithintheequation,placeanyreferencestothatvariablewithinthebodytextin italicsalso. 7.2. Examples
t q
t
1 q
2 e
1 q e
(1)
= Q (1 + 1 )k ao t V Kd
(2)
Figurescanbeusedtoillustratethecontentofthetext.Imagesmustbeeditablevector graphicsbecauseitkeepsthehighqualityandresolutionoftheoriginalimage.When insertingagraphicobjectintoaWorddocument,copyandpastethediagramandtablein theiroriginalformatfromtheprograminwhichitwascreated. Considerthatallproceedingswillbeprintedingreyscale.Ifyourimagesinclude informationdifferentiatedbycolours,theywillnotshowandtheimageswillbe ineffective.Thisisspeciallynotedforgraphswhichuselinesorcolumnstodepictdifferent datapleasepreferdottedlines,orpatternsfordifferentiation. AllinformationinsidetheimagemustbeinthesamelanguageasthearticleEnglish.No bordersshouldbeaddedtotheimages. 8.2. FigureCaptions Acaptionmustbeplacedbelowtheimage.ThiscaptionmustsayFigureandthe correspondingcorrelativenumber.Donotuseafullstopattheendofthecaption. Specificationsforcaptions: 8.3. Separatefiles Pleasesubmitallfiguresinsertedinthedocumentasseparatefilesintheiroriginalformat (Excel,Word,PDF,EPS,TIFF,JPEG).Pleaseprovideanyuncommonfontsusedseparately. Allimagesmusthavearesolutionofatleast300dpiandbeonecompleteimage,nota collectionofseparateimagesplacedtogether. Thecaptionshouldnotexceed100characters,includingspaces LeavetwospacesbetweenFigure#andtitletext PalatinoLinotype 9ptfont,centred Donotusefullstops Paragraphspacing,before16pt.,after20pt. Donotlinkcaptionstothebodytext
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8.4. Example
Figure1TEmicrographsofZnSnanoparticlespreparedfromD2EHPAinkerosene
9.
Pleasenotethatifacitationisincludedinthetext,itmustbeincludedinthelistof references.Allcitationsexceptforpersonalcommunications.
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9.2. Listofreferences ThelastsectionofthemanuscriptisforReferences,whereallcitationsusedthroughout thetextarelistedwithcompleteeditorialinformation.Thislistshouldbeassorted alphabeticallyandmustmeetthefollowingpoints: Allreferenceslistedinthissectionmustbecitedinthetext Eachreferencemustbeinanindividualline Placeyearsinparenthesis,e.g.(2002) Donotplacefullstopafteryearparenthesis Placeacommaafterbook/articletitle Placeafullstopatendofreferenceentry Placeenrule(useCtrlandkeyonnumberkeyboard)betweenpage numberspreads,e.g.,pp.5760. Donotuseetal.inthereferencelist;allauthorsmustbelistedinfull Donotincludepersonalcommunicationsinthereferencelist,onlywithin bodytext Referencesmustbeincludedintheiroriginallanguageofpublication. Pleasedonotincludeunofficialtranslationsoftitles
Pleasefollowthespecificationsgivenforeachreferencetypeprovidedhere: BOOK Author(s)familyname,initials.(Yearofpublication)Titleofbook,Edition,Publisher,Placeof publication. Ref.type Singleauthor Intextexample Sophisticatedsearching techniquesareimportantin findinginformation(Berkman, 1994) ...fromanengineering perspective(Cengel&Boles, 1994) OR Cengel&Boles(1994)found... Referencelistexample(alphabeticorder) Berkman,R.I.(1994)FindItFast:howtounconverexpert informationonanysubject,HarperPerennial,NewYork.
2authors
Cengel,Y.A.&Boles,M.A.(1994)Thermodynamics:an engineeringapproach,2ndedn,McGrawHill,London.
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3authors
...aspreviouslydemonstrated (Reid,Parsons&Green,1989)
4ormoreauthors ...neckpaincausedbywhiplash (Julletal.,2008). OR Julletal.(2008)haveargued... Noauthor ...alreadymentioned(Be,know, do:leadershiptheArmyway, 2004). OR InBe,know,do:leadershipthe Armyway(2004)thereisan interestingexample... Multipleworks bythesame author ...geologyofQueenslands nationalparks(Willmott,2004; 2006)
...rockformations(Dawkins, 1996;Willmott,2004)
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Editedbook
CONFERENCEPAPER Author(s)familyname,initials.(Yearofpublication)Titleofpaperinsinglequotationmarks,Title ofpublishedproceedingswhichmayincludeplaceheldanddate(s),Publisher,Placeofpublication, Pagenumber(s),(vieweddateinfull,URLifaccessedelectronically). Ref.type Published conferencepaper Intextexample Bourassa(1999)emphasised... Referencelistexample(alphabeticorder) Bourassa,S.(1999)Effectsofchildcareonyoung children,Proceedingsofthethirdannualmeetingofthe InternationalSocietyforChildPsychology,International SocietyforChildPsychology,Atlanta,Georgia,pp.446. Bowden,F.J.&Fairley,C.K.(1996)EndemicSTDsin theNorthernTerritory:estimationsofeffectiveratesof partnerchange,paperpresentedtothescientific meetingoftheRoyalAustralianCollegeofPhysicians, Darwin,2425June.
Unpublished conferencepaper
...estimatingpartnerchange (Bowden&Fairley,1996)
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4952. OR ...usesforwheyprotein(Huffman, 1996). Electronic journalarticle withpage numbers ...changesinresource management(Daniel,2009) Daniel,T.T.(2009)Learningfromsimplertimes,Risk Management,vol.56,no.1,pp.4044,viewed30January 2009,<http://proquest.umi.com/>. Foranarticleretrievedfromadatabase,itis sufficienttogivetheURLofthedatabasesite. Electronic journalarticle withoutpage numbers ...thedisciplineofarthistory (DonahueWallace&Chanda, 2005) DonahueWallace,K.&Chanda,J.(2005)Acasestudy inintegratingthebestpracticesoffacetofaceart historyandonlineteaching,InteractiveMultimedia ElectronicJournalofComputerEnhancedLearning,vol.7, no.1,viewed30January2009, <http://imej.wfu.edu/articles/2005/1/01/index.asp>.
REPORT Author(s)familyname,initials./Organisation(Yearofpublication)Titleofreport,Reportnumber(if available),Publisher/Institution,Placeofpublication,(vieweddateinfull,URLifaccessed electronically). Ref.type Printreport Intextexample ...inQueenslandwaterways (Mortimer&Cox,1999) Referencelistexample(alphabeticorder) Mortimer,M.&Cox,M.(1999)Contaminantsinmud crabsandsedimentsfromtheMaroochyRiver, Environmentaltechnicalreportno.25,Queensland DepartmentoftheEnvironment,Brisbane. Rathbun,A.H.,West,J.&Hausken,E.G.(2003)Young childrensaccesstocomputersinthehomeandatschoolin 1999and2000,NCES2003036,NationalCenterfor EducationStatistics,Washington,DC,viewed4 November2003, <http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/2003036.pdf>.
Electronicreport
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WEBPAGE Author(s)familyname,initials./Organisation(Yearofcreationorrevision)Titleofpage,description ofdocument(ifapplicable),nameofthesponsorofthepage(ifapplicable),vieweddatein full,URL. Ref.type Webpagewith author Intextexample ...thisagreement(Albanese, 2009) Referencelistexample(alphabeticorder) Albanese,A.(2009)Fairercompensationforairtravellers, mediarelease,29January,MinisterforInfrastructure, Transport,RegionalDevelopmentandLocal Government,viewed30January2009, <http://www.minister.infrastructure.gov.au/aa/ releases/2009/January/AA007_2009.htm> UniversityofQueenslandLibrary(2009)Mechanical engineeringsubjectguide,UniversityofQueensland Library,viewed6February2009, <http://www.library.uq.edu.au/findits/findit.php? title=Mechanical+Engineering>. Bliss,S.E.(n.d.)Theeffectofemotionalintelligenceona modernorganisationalleadersabilitytomakeeffective decisions,viewed10February2008, <http://eqi.org/mgtpaper.htm>.
STANDARD Corporatebodyissuingstandard(Yearofpublication)Titleofstandard,Numberofstandardincluding identifierofissuingcountryorbody,Publisherofstandard,Placeofpublication. Ref.type Standard Intextexample ....steelsareclassified (InternationalOrganisationfor Standardisation,1982) Referencelistexample(alphabeticorder) InternationalOrganisationforStandardisation(1982) Steelsclassificationpart1:classificationofsteelsinto unalloyedandalloysteelsbasedonchemicalcomposition, ISO49481:1982,InternationalOrganisationfor Standardisation,Geneva.
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PERSONALCOMMUNICATION Informationobtainedbyinterview,telephonecall,letteroremailshouldbedocumentedinthetext, butshouldNOTbeincludedinthelistofReferences. Ref.type Personal communication Intextexample Wheninterviewedon15June 1995,Dr.PeterJonesexplained that... Thiswaslaterverbally confirmed(P.Jones,1995,pers. comm.,15June). Referencelistexample(alphabeticorder) DonotincludeintheReferenceList.
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Titleislessthan100totalcharacters,includingspaces
Authorsarefullyreferencedaccordingtoguidelines
Abstractislessthan300totalwordsandfollowstheestablishedformat
AutomaticspellcheckisONandtherearenomisspelledwords(British spellingused)
Measurementunitsarecorrectlywrittenandaccordingtoguidelines
Referencesintextarecorrectlycited(Authorslastname,year)
Referencelistiscompleteandaccordingtoguidelines
Alltablesarecorrectlyformattedandcited.Separatefilesaresentalong witharticle
Allgraphs/photographs/equationsarecorrectlyinsertedandcited. Separatefilesaresentalongwitharticle
Atleastoneauthorhasafullypaidregistrationbythespecifieddate
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APPENDIXB
COMMONLYMISSPELLEDWORDSBRITISHENGLISH
Mainspellingdifferences (thefirstisAmerican,thesecondisBritish;examplesareallBritish): ae/oe:aeon,diarrhoea,anaesthetic,gynaecology, homeopathy,aesthetic,etc. e/ue:analogue,axe,catalogue eable/able:likeable,unshakeable,traceable,manageable ize/ise:advertise,advise,apprise,arise,chastise,comprise, compromise,demise,despise,devise,disguise,emprise, enfranchise,excise,exercise,franchise,improvise,incise, merchandise,premise,prise,revise,supervise,surmise, surprise,televise ll/l:annulled,modelling,quarrelling,rebellious,woolly, travellerskilful,wilfully,fulfilment m/mme:programme,gramme(yet,softwareprogram) our/or:behaviour,candour,demeanour,favour,valour re/er:centre,fibre,metre,theatre,massacre,acre,ogre
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MorecommonspellingdifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishEnglish: American Aluminium Apothegm Behove Checkered(pattern) Draft Dike Aerie Furor Gray Curb/curbside Maneuver/maneuverable Mold/molder/molt Mustache Plow Pudgy Polyethylene Rambunctious Specialtyshop Specialty Sulfur(our) Tidbit Toward Tire British Aluminium Apophthegm Behove Chequered Draught Dye Eyrie Furore Grey Kerb/kerbside Manoeuvre/manoeuvrable Mould/moulder/moult Moustache Plough Podgy Polythene Rumbustious Specialistshop Speciality(butspecialtyfor medicine,steelandchemicals) Sulphur(ous) Titbit Towards Tyre
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Otherwords(acceptedbyboth,yetdeterminedassuchforwideacceptance): AmbiencenotAmbiance AnnexnotAnnexe Amongnotamongst ArtefactnotArtefact BackwardnotBackwards Bible(Scriptures)notbible BaptisterynotBaptistery MotorcyclenotMotorbike NeatnotSpruceortidy NewsstandnotKiosk NightgownnotNightdress Orangeade/lemonadenotOrange/lemonsquash PackagenotParcel Parkingspaces/garagenotCarpark(UK)orparkinglot (US) BusnotCoach Phoneynot Phony BurnednotBurnt RefrigeratornotFridge CanvasesnotCanvasses RailwaystationnotRailroadstation CarrentalnotCarehire RaincoatnotMac,mackintosh CatertonotCater(forneeds) RentnotHire(exceptforpeople) CustommadenotBespoke Reservation,reserve(seats,etc.)notbooking,book DevelopmentnotEstate(forhousing) RetiredpersonnotOldagepensioner(UK)orretiree (US) DieselfuelnotDerv SlowdownnotGoslow(inproduction) DiscnotDisk(exceptincomputing) SoccernotFootball(exceptforAmericanfootball) DispatchnotDespatch SpellednotSpelt EncyclopedianotEncyclopaedia SpoilednotSpoilt StreetmusiciannotBusker ExceptfornotSave FarthernotFurther(fordistance) SwapnotSwop FirstnamenotChristianname SwimmingnotBathing FlipnotToss(forcoin,etc.) TeamnotSide(insports) Focusing,focused,etc. TearoomnotTeashop FuelnotPetrol(UK)orgasoline(US) ThreadnotCotton ToiletnotLavatory ForwardnotForwards (Eye)glassesnotSpectacles TollfreenotFreecharge GypsynotGipsy TunanotTunny Hairdryernothairdryer UnderwearnotPantsorknickers;oruselingeriefor womensunderwear HorseracingnotjustRacing UnmistakablenotUnmistakeable InsurancecoveragenotInsurance UnspoilednotUnspoilt cover IntermissionnotInterval WhilenotWhilst JailnotGaol YogurtnotYoghourtoryoghurt LearnednotLearnt ZeronotNought LinenotQueue LocationnotSituation MaidnotChambermaid MathematicsnotMaths(UK)ormath (US)
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APPENDIXC
SIUNITSCHECKLISTFORCORRECTUSE
(1) OnlySIunitsandthoseunitsrecognisedforusewiththeSIareusedtoexpressthevaluesof quantities.Equivalentvaluesinotherunitsaregiveninparenthesesfollowingvaluesin acceptableunitsonlywhendeemednecessaryfortheintendedaudience. (2) Abbreviationssuchassec(foreithersorsecond),cc(foreithercm3orcubiccentimetre),ormps (foreitherm/sormeterpersecond),areavoidedandonlystandardunitsymbols,SIprefix symbols,unitnames,andSIprefixnamesareused. (3) Thecombinationsoflettersppm,ppb,andppt,andthetermspartpermillion,partper billion,andpartpertrillion,andthelike,arenotusedtoexpressthevaluesofquantities.The followingforms,forexample,areusedinstead:2.0L/Lor2.0106V,4.3nm/mor4.3109l, 7ps/sor71012t,whereV,l,andtare,respectively,thequantitysymbolsforvolume,length, andtime. (4) Unitsymbols(ornames)arenotmodifiedbytheadditionofsubscriptsorotherinformation. Thefollowingforms,forexample,areusedinstead. butnot:V=1000 Vmax=1000V butnot:10%(m/m)or10%(byweight) Vmaxamassfractionof10% (5) Statementssuchasthelengthl1exceedsthelengthl2by0.2%areavoidedbecauseitis recognisedthatthesymbol%representssimplythenumber0.01.Instead,formssuchasl1=l2 (1+0.2%)or=0.2%areused,whereisdefinedbytherelation=(l1l2)/l2. (6) Informationisnotmixedwithunitsymbols(ornames).Forexample,theformthewater contentis20mL/kgisusedandnot20mLH2O/kgor20mLofwater/kg. (7) Itiscleartowhichunitsymbolanumericalvaluebelongsandwhichmathematicaloperation appliestothevalueofaquantitybecauseformssuchasthefollowingareused. 35cm48cm butnot:3548cm 1MHzto10MHzor(1to10)MHz butnot:1MHz10MHzor1to10MHz 20Cto30Cor(20to30)C butnot:20C30Cor20to30C butnot:1232g 123g2gor(1232)g 70%5%or(705)% butnot:705% 240(110%)V butnot:240V10%(onecannotadd240Vand10%) (8) Unitsymbolsandunitnamesarenotmixedandmathematicaloperationsarenotappliedto unitnames.Forexample,onlyformssuchaskg/m3,kgm3,orkilogrampercubicmeterare usedandnotformssuchaskilogram/m3,kg/cubicmeter,kilogram/cubicmeter,kgperm3,or kilogrampermeter3. (9) ValuesofquantitiesareexpressedinacceptableunitsusingArabicnumeralsandthesymbols fortheunits. m=5kg butnot:m=fivekilogramsorm=fivekg thecurrentwas15A butnot:thecurrentwas15amperes.
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(10) Thereisaspacebetweenthenumericalvalueandunitsymbol,evenwhenthevalueisusedas anadjective,exceptinthecaseofsuperscriptunitsforplaneangle. a25kgsphere butnot:a25kgsphere anangleof234 butnot:anangleof234 Ifthespelledoutnameofaunitisused,thenormalrulesofEnglishareapplied:arollof35 millimeterfilm. (11) Thedigitsofnumericalvalueshavingmorethanfourdigitsoneithersideofthedecimal markerareseparatedintogroupsofthreeusingathin,fixedspacecountingfromboththeleft andrightofthedecimalmarker.Forexample,15739.01253ishighlypreferredto15739.01253. Commasarenotusedtoseparatedigitsintogroupsofthree. (12) Equationsbetweenquantitiesareusedinpreferencetoequationsbetweennumericalvalues, andsymbolsrepresentingnumericalvaluesaredifferentfromsymbolsrepresentingthe correspondingquantities.Whenanumericalvalueequationisused,itisproperlywrittenand thecorrespondingquantityequationisgivenwherepossible. (13) StandardisedquantitysymbolssuchasthosegiveninRefs.[4]and[5]areused,forexample,R forresistanceandArforrelativeatomicmass,andnotwords,acronyms,oradhocgroupsof letters.Similarly,standardisedmathematicalsignsandsymbolssuchasaregiveninRef.[4: ISO3111]areused,forexample,tanxandnottgx.Morespecifically,thebaseoflogin equationsisspecifiedwhenrequiredbywritinglogax(meaninglogtothebaseaofx),lbx (meaninglog2x),lnx(meaninglogex),orlgx(meaninglog10x). (14) Unitsymbolsareinromantype,andquantitysymbolsareinitalictypewithsuperscriptsand subscriptsinromanoritalictypeasappropriate. (15) Whenthewordweightisused,theintendedmeaningisclear.(Inscienceandtechnology, weightisaforce,forwhichtheSIunitisthenewton;incommerceandeverydayuse,weightis usuallyasynonymformass,forwhichtheSIunitisthekilogram.) (16) Aquotientquantity,forexample,massdensity,iswrittenmassdividedbyvolumerather thanmassperunitvolume. (17) Anobjectandanyquantitydescribingtheobjectaredistinguished.(Notethedifference betweensurfaceandarea,bodyandmass,resistorandresistance,coiland inductance.) (18) TheobsoletetermnormalityandthesymbolN,andtheobsoletetermmolarityandthesymbol M,arenotused,butthequantityamountofsubstanceconcentrationofB(morecommonly calledconcentrationofB),anditssymbolcBandSIunitmol/m3(orarelatedacceptableunit), areusedinstead.Similarly,theobsoletetermmolalandthesymbolmarenotused,butthe quantitymolalityofsoluteB,anditssymbolbBormBandSIunitmol/kg(orarelatedSIunit), areusedinstead.
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