F l o ri d a D e p a r t me n t o f Tr an s p o r t at i o n

Jan u a r y 2 0 0 4

S AFETY A DVISOR
Industrial Safety Awareness Reporter

B A C K I N J U RY P R E V E N T I O N
INSIDE THIS ISSUE:

Introduction
Everything we do affects our back. Unfortunately, the back is not very resilient. Once the back has been injured, it will never be as strong as it was before the injury. How many times a day do we lift, push, pull, stretch, and otherwise put a strain on our back? We do not strain our back intentionally, never the less, our back takes a huge beating every day. Prevention is the key to protecting our back from injury.

Back Injury Prevention

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Body Mechanics
Understanding and Managing Stress 2

Body mechanics is nothing more than how to properly move and position the body for different activities in order to

prevent injuries. It is important to remember that our bodies do not stop functioning when we go home from work. We need to follow the same guidelines both at work and home. Our back is not, and is not supposed to be, straight. The natural position of the back is an S curve. This is referred to as the neutral position. To keep the neutral position and for good posture, we need to learn to maintain a straight line, from midline of the ears to the shoulders - to midline of the hips - to midline of the knees - to midline of the ankle. This means standing tall, pulling in our stomach, and tightening our buttocks. Think of it as a
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SAFETY MEETINGS
Work With a Safe Attitude Quiz 8

Safety Slogan Entry Form

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Safety meetings come in all types and sizes, but most can be viewed as either formal or informal (or tailgate) meetings. Formal meetings are those meetings that are planned and announced in advance to provide groups of employees with information and training on specific issues, regulations, procedures, and hazard protections. When working out an advance schedule of safety meetings, other situations that call for safety meetings are likely

to emerge. They may include: Recent accidents Changes in unit or group safety trends New equipment, techniques, procedures, products or hazardous substances Management directives to emphasize safety requirements
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Safety Slogan Winners

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http://infonet.dot.state.fl.us/safetyoffice/Indust.htm George Ed Rice Jr. State Safety Program Manager

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Sunil B Nath Manager, Industrial Safety

NEW YEARS RESOLUTION #1: Understanding and Managing Stress

Understanding and managing stress in day-to-day life can help you be your best. But poorly managed stress can lead to emotional and physical problems. It is important how we handle day-to-day stress. Stress is simply our bodys way of responding to pressures. When our body reacts to stress, our heart races, our muscles tighten, and we become vulnerable to all kinds of things including feeling burned out and becoming susceptible to illnesses. In January the Safety Advisor will take a look at Back Injury Protection & Safety Meetings. The Safety Advisor is provided to increase the safety awareness of Florida Department of Transportation employees. Remember that increasing your safety awareness helps reduce injuries and prevent accidents.

use your energy to tackle the rest. Share with those close to you when you are under stress and that may RECOGNIZING STRESS: Knowing the early warning signs of too much stress help bring stress down to a level which is tolerable. can help us take measures to control it before it con- Not all stress is bad. Stress is not just caused by bad trols us. The following are some warning signs that events but good ones too. Stress is serious business and it has many faces. Stress symptoms are your should be able to be recognized: bodys cry for help. Even minor signs of stress are Restlessness and anxiety early warnings that you need to manage your stress Inability to concentrate better. I wish you a healthy and happy 2004. I am Trouble falling asleep sure all of you have made a New Years Resolution Persistent fatigue for a reduction of stress. Lack of appetite Over eating Tension headaches Muscle spasms

CONTROLLING STRESS: Relax your body Exercise regularly Get enough rest and sleep Eat a balanced diet Relax your mind Rehearse for stressful events Adjust your mindset Get help if you need it Everyone copes with stress differently. What works to relieve stress for others may not work for you. Keep trying different methods until you find your own coping style. Remember you cant eliminate stress, but you can plan to reduce it. Identify events that stress you, and

2002 FDOT Statistics; Over 12% of all Workers Comp Claims cited the back/spine as the injured body part.

2002 FDOT Statistics; Over 20% or all direct costs incurred are attributed to back injuries.

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Florida Department of Transportation State Safety Office 605 Suwannee St MS #53 Tallahassee, FL. 32399-0450 Phone: 850 245-1500 Fax: 850 245-1552 SunCom 205-1500

Informal meetings, or tailgate meetings, are those where employees may be provided with some hands-on direction to show them how to do the job safely, or it may even be a one-on-one meeting with workers who are failing to use, or dont seem to be aware of, safe procedures in certain aspects of their job.

Other Meetings are Opportunities

Look for other opportunities for safety meetings or for highlighting the use of safe procedures on the job. Most of us are accustomed to a monthly safety meeting, but another possibility is holding annual or quarterly safety reviews to go over what has been covered in training and point out how it has translated into improved safety or productivity on the job. Include safety in meetings called for other purposes. The more frequent a message is communicated, the more likely it will be remembered.

Publisher & Editor Sunil B. Nath

[email protected]

Look for ways to continually tie the safety message to workers' day-to-day activities. For instance, review the basics covered in a recent safety meeting by pointing out how they were followedor ignored recently on the job. Examples might include a task performed safely and properly using toxic chemicals, an acResearch, Layout, Design cident or a near-miss in your unit or another unit, etc.
& Copy Editor Keith Baggett
[email protected]

Look at safety as a positive, not a negative, and try to get workers to see it that way, too. When analyzing an incident that resulted in an injury, carefully avoid finger pointing or placing blame. This has never been the purpose of safety investigations. Seek out occasions to praise workers for incorporating safety on the job. Hold impromptu sessions to honor workers who may have done an outstanding job with safety cleaning up a hazardous spill correctly, for instance. When you Make a Fuss About Safety, everyone wins. These events dont have to be expensive or elaborate. You can present the group or individuals with certificates honoring their achievement, or you can just credit them publicly for their efforts. The idea is to make the point that safety counts, and the people who practice safety count too.

Statistics show that those who

PAY ATTENTION
Tend to be injured far less often.

Choosing a Safety Meeting Format

Plan the format for each safety meeting to meet overall objectives and to get a particular topic message across. Youll probably use different formats for different topics or different audiences, such as

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plumb line from the ears to the knees. This will keep our back in a natural S curve. Our back needs to be maintained in the neutral position when sitting, standing, sleeping, reaching, and pushing. Many of us spend a large part of our day sitting. Sitting in the correct posture increases weight on the spine by 30 percent versus standing. Slouching can place an additional pressure of 150-300 percent on the back. Some possible solutions for proper sitting might include: have a chair with maximum adjustability; maintain neutral position; move frequently (take micro breaks); and have adjustable work surfaces. If your job includes long periods of standing, you should place one foot on a footrest that is approximately 8 inches high. This technique raises the front of the pelvis and reduces the possibility of a swayback condition. Alternate from one foot to the other frequently. Adjust your work surface height to keep from bending over while working. If your work area is a cubicle, you can adjust the desk height by increments of one inch. If you have a regular desk, and cannot find a way to correct the height, adjust your chair to fit the desk and use a footrest. When arranging your work area or the company storage room, consider each object carefully in order to avoid reaching overhead or bending over. Think about how often the object is used as well as the weight of the object. The best lifting zone is between the shoulders and waist. Place heavy and frequently used objects near waist height to reduce bending and twisting to reach the object. Place lighter objects higher or lower. Use dollies or carts to move heavy objects rather than carrying them. Pushing an object is much better for your back than

pulling it. If you push, you can see over your load and use your legs, not your back. Keep the object in front of you and stay as close to the object as possible, as this gives you more control and direction. Sleeping is very important to maintain physical and mental health. Most of us sleep between 6-8 hours per day. Even while asleep, you can injure your back if you do not maintain good back posture. To sleep properly you need to: Use a firm mattress. Avoid sleeping on your stomach. This can cause the back to sway. Place a pillow under your knees when sleeping on your back. When sleeping on your side, place a pillow between your knees and keep your knees bent.

Changing Lifestyle
Some simple changes to your lifestyle can help protect your back from injury. When attempting to change your lifestyle, be realistic. A little bit of change is better than none at all. Try making small changes over a period of time. Make a commitment to walk around the block everyday as opposed to running five miles. Regular exercise can help you strengthen your stomach muscles, lose a little weight, and increase your flexibility. Cut down on your food portions rather than going on a liquid or strict diet. Be willing to try something different new recipes, new sports, meditation, or aerobics.

Strain or Sprain?
Strain and sprain both mean something has been stretched beyond its limits. A strain refers to a muscle. When a muscle is strained, it has been forced to exceed its ability to work. Regular exercise can strengthen muscles and allow them to work harder longer, which is important considering muscles are the spines workhorses. A strain or sprain can occur in ligaments (fibrous bands connecting bones together) or in tendons
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(bands of tissue attaching muscles to bones). A sprained ankle is a common example of a sprained ligament. The symptoms of strains and sprains are sudden, sharp, and persistent pain at the injury site, followed by swelling.

Common Lifting Mistakes

Some common lifting mistakes are: Bending forward at the waist with legs straight. When you bend forward at the waist with legs straight, you require the use of the muscles in your lower back and the weight of the object being lifted will include the weight of your upper body. Using fast jerky motions. This puts stress on your lower back muscles and may cause sprains and strains. Bending and twisting when lifting forces the spine into a position of weakness and removes the natural S curve of strength from the lifting process. Handling the load too far away from the body. The back is like a lever system. The distance between the load and the fulcrum (point of support) can be considered the distance between the body and the object being lifted. Failure to plan the lift. You need to check the path of travel to be sure it is clear. Size up the load and if it is too heavy or bulky for you to lift alone, ask for help.

way to go up or down? Plan a rest stop, if needed. 3. Establish a base of support - use a wide, balanced stance with one foot behind the object and the other foot next to it. Make sure you have firm footing and your feet are a shoulders width apart. 4. Bend your knees, keep your heels off of the floor and get as close to the object as possible. Always lift with your legs and not your back. 5. Get a good grip with your palms and make sure you have an adequate hold on the object. Be certain you will be able to maintain a hold on the object without having to adjust your grip later. You can use gloves to help maintain an adequate grip, but dont rely on gloves because they can de-sensitize the fingers making you unable to feel the object. 6. Lift gradually with your legs without using jerky motions. By using your leg strength, your chance of lower back injury is greatly reduced. 7. Keep the load close to prevent arching your lower back. As you begin the lift, tighten your stomach muscles and keep your head and shoulders up. The closer the load is to your spine, the less force will be placed on your back. 8. Pivot - dont twist. Move your feet in the direction of the lift. This will eliminate the need to twist at the waist.

Summary
You cannot always avoid lifting, but it is important to know your bodys limitations and how to use proper techniques for protecting your back against strains and sprains. The best way to prevent back injuries is to develop good health habits. Learn to use good body mechanics, including standing, sitting, pushing, pulling, and sleeping. Make some changes in your lifestyle, such as healthy eating habits and exercise regularly. Avoid common lifting mistakes and use proper lifting procedures.
Source; Bongarde Communications & Parley International

Eight Steps to Proper Lifting

There are eight steps to follow in doing a safe lift. They may seem very simple but if you do all of them each time you lift, your chances of an injury will be greatly diminished. When you do a lift, make sure you: 1. Size up the load - check to ensure the load is stable and balanced. Test the weight. Try moving it with your foot, if you cannot, you probably need to ask for help. 2. Plan the job - consider all possibilities. Is the path clear? What is the weight of the load? How much stress will be placed on your back? Is there traffic, a tripping hazard, a doorway to go through, or a stair-

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Lectures Lectures where you or another speaker explain the information should only be one part of your program. Its a good way to define the what and why of your meeting and to outline what youll cover and how long it will take. But it should not be the only method of expressing the material unless its a very short meeting on a very limited and specific topic. Lectures are best when broken up with audiovisuals, discussions, and/or hands-on participation. Using hand-outs or quizzes can reinforce what is being learned. Remember too, than you dont have to be a safety professional in order to address a safety meeting. Other personnel may be able to participate & offer a different perspective on what may be a familiar subject. You may want to invite top management to provide an introduction that underlines the importance of good safety practices to the Department. Outside experts on such topics as emergency response can provide valuable information and examples. Perhaps a representative from an equipment manufacturer can demonstrate how a new piece of equipment works and answer questions. If you are going to be the main speaker, try to outline what you want to say rather than reading a whole presentation. Look directly at your audience as you talk. It will be more conversational and more interesting. Audiovisual Presentations Audiovisual presentations are a good way to get peoples attention and to demonstrate both the potential problems posed by your topic and the correct way to do things. Slides, videotapes, and films are available on many safety topics and make effective contributions to a safety meeting. Some also come with workbooks and other materials designed to reinforce the learning. If your Unit does not have any, check with your District Safety personnel or with the State Safety Office. We have many safety videos If you have a digital or a video camera, you can make any topic more relevant by illustrating it with slides or videos of your work area. Take pictures of equipment, procedures, etc., you want to focus on. Nothing will get the attention of your audience like a familiar landmark or picture. If youre planning a safety talk on housekeeping, take pictures of good and bad examples. The message is sure to be more personal when people see themselves and their work area and equipment highlighted in this way. Youll probably also need to create some visuals as you go. A large flip chart and felt-tipped marker are useful for highlighting or outlining information during the safety meeting. Programmed Instruction Programmed instructionreading material and written exercises can be effective supports to the other parts of your safety meeting. If your audience is accustomed to reading and able to handle written question and answer formats, use books and workbooks to reinforce the learning and to test how well workers have absorbed the information. Demonstrations Demonstrations should be included whenever possible in safety meetings. Show the correct way to perform an operation. Use real labels, material safety data sheets, etc, when you explain what they cover and what the information means. Have protective clothing and equipment with you as examples. Not only is a picture worth a thousand words, but also these real-life examples are an excellent way to tie the training to on-the-job applications. Hands-on Practice Hands-on practice is recommended whenever possible. It gives workers a chance to try out the methods, equipment, etc., that youre covering and it gives you a chance to see how they use them and make corrections on the spot in a no-risk environment.
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When youre conducting a session that includes hands on practice, take it slowly, step by step. First explain the procedure, then demonstrate it. Highlight key points, then allow each participant to try. If there seems to be general difficulty with some specific tasks or concept, go back to the beginning and demonstrate again, then ask for questions. Stay with it until all workers have had a chance to try and master the new skill, approach, or equipment. Give them immediate feedback on what they do right and immediate assistance when they have difficulties. Then follow up within a few days to see if they still know how to do the task correctly and to find out if they have any questions. Discussion Discussion is an excellent way to find out whether workers understand your message and to respond to any questions or problems. If possible, involve other safety personnel, supervisors, and/or outside experts in discussion sessions. Its important, however, that you or the other leaders always control the discussion so that it reinforces what is being covered in the meeting. Here are a few hints for effective discussions: 1. Always answer questions. If you dont have the information, make a note of the question, find out the answer, and get back to the person who asked it. 2. Prepare ahead. Open discussion doesnt always come easily. Prepare some questions to get the ball rolling. If no one volunteers an answer, call on people individually to respond. 3. Dont pass judgment on answers. If someone gives an incorrect response, correct it without comment. If an answer is a matter of judgment, give people a chance to voice different opinions. Discussion is good even when there is disagreement. 4. Compliment good responses or observations.

You dont have to overdo it, but be sure people get positive feedback when its deserved. 5. Keep the discussion on the topic. Its easy to wander into side issues that make no contribution to mastering the safety topic on hand. 6. Continually relate what youre discussing to the job. Ask participants for examples of related problems theyve had or ways theyve handled situations like the ones under discussion. 7. Use discussion periods to get a feel of how well participants understand the general and specific areas covered by the meeting and to determine whether you need to go back over some things or even have another meeting. Handouts Handouts covering the topic are very useful on-thejob reminders. But dont hand them out until the end of the session or they will just be a distraction to participants. Examples of useful handouts could include a copy of the agenda you covered or an outline of the topics, a safety newsletter, a prepared list of safety tips on the subject, etc. At the end of formal meetings on complex or especially important topics, you may want to give participants certificates stating that they completed the safety program. This will add recognition to the effort and provide a sense of satisfaction to the workers.

Setting Your Objectives

Every safety meeting has its own specific objectives - the results you hope to achieve. Such objectives might include: Developing a safety mindset (or safety culture) among workers Addressing the specific safety needs of your operations
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The Safety Advisor is a monthly publication of the Florida Department of Transportations State Safety Office. It is designed to inform Department employees about safety practices both on and off the job. Your comments are welcomed. Access & Distribution of the Safety Advisor The monthly Safety Advisor is available from several sources ranging from your local Safety personnel, inter-office mail, to email to several web sites, both public & internal; The Industrial Safety Infonet web site; http://infonet.dot.state.fl.us/safetyoffice/Safety_Adv.htm The Florida Department of Transportation's public web site; http://www.dot.state.fl.us/safety/IndustrialSafety/indusSafSafeAdv.htm Do you know of a subject that should be mentioned here? Call or write & let us know what you think!

Work With A Safe Attitude Quiz

1. If youve got a competent crew, you dont have to waste your workers time talking about safety. True or False 2. Its estimated someone is injured on the job every: A) 10 years B) Three minutes C) Five months D) 18 seconds 3. Working without using personal protective equipment is an example of a bad attitude. True or False 4. The safety-conscious worker always makes an effort to stay focused and be aware of his or her surroundings. True or False 5. If youre unsure about what to do, dont ask a question. You might look like a goof. True or False 6. Its wise to take a good look at your surroundings and ask yourself, What could go wrong here? True or False 7. If youre getting behind, working through your breaks is a good idea. True or False 8. Everyone has personal problems and frustrations, but focusing your attention on them while youre working can lead to disaster. True or False 9. Safety is a team approach. If you see a hazard, even though its outside your area, you should do something about it. True or False 10. Fooling around or showing off on the job is a great stress reliever and should be encouraged. True or False See next page for answers

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Providing smooth and safe introductions of new equipment, procedures, and substances Reinforcing previous training Safety meetings will accomplish more if these objectives are stated clearly and understood by everyone in advance. Materials Materials for a safety meeting, as weve discussed here, come in many forms. From safety videos, to handouts & quizzes or electronic PowerPoint presentations, all are available from your District Safety personnel or from us here at the Sate Safety Office. Pick up the phone or send email & you might be surprised at just how many pholks want to help!
Source: Supervisors Safety Meetings Handbook, Bureau of Business Reports

Improving productivity by reducing accidents Reducing costs & lost production resulting from injury or illness Training employees to recognize and report hazards Bringing new employees into line with Department safety policies and practices Training employees to recognize and avoid unsafe practices Explaining how to prevent or minimize injuries on the job Training employees to respond to emergencies

2002 FDOT Statistics; Over 12% of all Workers Comp Claims cited the back/spine as the injured body part.

Back Injury Prevention & Safety Meetings

Answers: 1.) False 2.) D 3.) True 4.) True 5.) False

Answers

6.) True 7.) False 8.) True 9.) True 10.) False

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From: _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

Florida Department of Transportation State Safety Office 605 Suwannee St MS #53 Tallahassee, FL. 32399-0450 Attention: Industrial Safety

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Safety Slogan of the Month Entry Form

You are encouraged to submit safety slogans applicable to the monthly safety themes. Slogans are judged on originality, pentameter & relevance to the months theme. Due to publishing requirements all entries should be received two (2) months in advance. This should alleviate delays & allow us to get the Safety Advisor to you prior to the end of each month. Themes of the Month for 2004 January: April: July: October:
Back Injury Prevention Safety Meetings Hazardous Materials Blood borne Pathogens Heat Stress Outdoor Hazards Fire Protection Personal Protective Equipment

February: May: August: November:

Fall Protection Traffic Safety Respiratory Protection Tool Safety Work Zone Safety Safety Committees Vehicle Safety Ergonomics

March: June: September: December:

Laboratory & Office Safety Materials Managing Stress Fitness/Nutrition Bike/Pedestrian Safety Holiday Safety Electrical Hazards

PLEASE PRINT
Safety Slogan for the month of ______________________

__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

Name: ___________________________________ Location/Office ______________________________ District: _______________________ Phone: ( ) _________________ Suncom: ____________________

THINK
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Safety Slogan Winners

First Place
Safety meetings are not a chore You know good subjects are always in store!
Roger Bolman Jax Maintenance D-2

First Place
Lifting with your back can cause a strain You will know for certain when you feel the pain!
Buddy Sparkmann Jax maintenance D-2

Second Place
Come one, come all Theres a Safety Meeting down the hall!

Second Place
To lift a heavy load, try a mechanical mode, Something like a pallet jack Could keep injury from your back!
Stanley Youngblood Jax Maintenance D-2

TR Slaughter III Jax Maintenance D-2

Quotables
" The reward of a thing well done is to have done it. " --Ralph Waldo Emerson "Whatever is begun in anger ends in shame." --Ben Franklin

FDA and CDC Statement Concerning Rumors About Recalled Lot of Influenza Vaccine
Rumors have been circulating that a "contaminated" lot of flu vaccine has been recalled by the FDA. This is false. No contamination of any flu vaccine has been identified anywhere in the U.S., and the FDA has not recalled any lot of flu vaccine. Flu vaccine is routinely tested for safety, purity, and potency and all lots released have met these standards. As with any vaccine, flu vaccine is capable of causing some side effects, these are very rarely severe. Most side effects from flu vaccine are mild, such as arm soreness, redness or swelling where the shot was given, fever, or achiness. More serious reactions to the flu vaccine do occur, but they are rare. While FDA and CDC are currently investigating several recent reports of possible significant allergic
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reactions to flu vaccine, it is important to note that the number and type of reactions reported to date are not unexpected. The reactions reported, not all of which may have been caused by the administration of vaccine, do not, at this time, suggest any problem with the flu vaccine. However, FDA and CDC will continue to investigate these and any other reports and will provide any further information as available. While serious reactions to flu vaccine are rare, each year about 114,000 people in the U.S. are hospitalized and about 36,000 people die because of the flu.

The flu vaccine is the best way a person can protect themselves and their loved ones against influenza. October and November are the best months to get vaccinated - however, vaccination in December or later still provides considerable protection. For more information about influenza, go to http:// www.cdc.gov/nip/Flu.
Source; Centers for Desease Control

Safety Advisor Customer Satisfaction Survey We are interested in your opinion! In order to better serve your needs, please take a moment to fill out this brief questionnaire and send it either 1. By fax to 850-245-1552 (SunCom fax 205-1552) or 2. Via US Postal Service to the address shown below. Thanks for your time! You can reach us by mail at: Attn: Sunil Nath, Manager, Industrial Safety Florida Department of Transportation Safety Office M.S. #53 605 Suwannee Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0450

Survey Questions

Yes No 1. Are the Safety Advisor topics relevant to your day to day job? 2. Are the materials contained in the Safety Advisor sufficient for your safety meetings? 3. What would you suggest to improve the suitability of the Safety Advisor to our needs or to improve the overall quality? (Please be specific) ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 4. Do you have any questions regarding Industrial Safety programs and/or operations? Please feel free to include questions or comments. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ Back Injury Prevention & Safety Meetings

From: Florida Department of Transportation State Safety Office 605 Suwannee St MS 53 Tallahassee, FL. 32399-0450

To:

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