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Grade 7 Subject-Science Month-November

Topic: Reproduction in plants


Define the following
1. Reproduction:-The production of new individuals from their parents is known as
reproduction.
2. Fertilization : The process of fusion of male and female gametes (to form a zygote)
is called fertilization.
3. Zygote: The cell which results after fusion of the gametes is called a zygote.
4. Pollination: The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower is
called pollination.
5. Seed dispersal: The process by which the seeds are scattered to different place (far
and wide from their parents) is called seed dispersal.
6. Vegetative propagation: When vegetative parts of a plant like stems, leaves and
root etc., give rise to new ones, it is called vegetative propagation.

Answer the following:

Q.1. Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.


Ans. Different methods of asexual reproduction are:

(a) Vegetative propagation: When vegetative parts of a plant like stems, leaves and
root etc., give rise to new ones, it is called vegetative propagation.

(b) Fragmentation: In this process, body of the organism breaks up into two parts.
Then each part grows into a new filament thus forming two organisms from a single
one.
(c) Spore Formation: The spores are tiny spherical unicellular structures protected by
thick wall. The spores are stored in a hard outer covering and this is called
sporangium. Under favourable conditions the hard cover breaks and spores spread for
germination.

(d) Budding: In yeast, new organisms are produced by the bud formation from the
parent organism. After growing to full size, the bud gets detached and forms a new
independent individual.

Q2. State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.

Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction

It requires only one parent Requires a male and female parent

Daughter cells formed are identical to Newly formed offsprings show variations in
parents and to each other. comparison to the parents.
Special reproductive organs are not Special reproductive organs are required
required

Ex: Yeast, rose, jasmine Ex: Insects, animals

Q3. Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.

Q4. Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.


Ans:

Self-pollination Cross-pollination

In self-pollination, pollen grains are In cross-pollination, pollen grains are transferred


transferred from the anther to the from the anther of one flower to the stigma of
stigma of the same flower. another flower of the same kind.
Self-pollination occurs only in It occurs in both unisexual and bisexual flowers
bisexual flowers

Q5. How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?


Ans: When ripe pollen from an anther of the same kind of flower catches on the
stigma, each pollen grain sends out a tiny threadlike tube. The tube grows down
through the style and pierces one of the ovules in the ovary. This pollen tube carries
a male gamete to meet a female gamete in an ovule. Two gametes fuse together to
form zygote. The process of fusion of male and female gametes (to form a zygote) is
called fertilisation. The zygote develops into an embryo.

Q6. Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed.


Ans: Seeds and fruits of plants are carried away by the wind, water and animals.
Winged seeds such as those of drumstick and maple, light seeds of grasses or hairy
seeds of aak (Madar) and hairy fruit of the sunflower get blown off with the wind to
faraway places. Some seeds are dispersed by water. These fruits or seeds usually
develop floating ability in the form of a spongy or fibrous outer coat as in coconut.
Some seeds are dispersed by animals, especially spiny seeds with hooks which get
attached to the bodies of animals and are carried to distant places. Examples are
Xanthium and Urena. Some seeds are dispersed when the fruits burst with sudden
jerks. The seeds are scattered far from the parent plant. This happens in the case of
castor and balsam.
Q7. Distinguish between the following.

a) Stamen and Pistil


b) Unisexual flower and Bisexual flower

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