ipchaitanya (1)

Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 16

lOMoARcPSD|50581935

Physics Investigatory Project

Wireless transmission of electricity -


electromagnetic induction

Submitted By: Chaitanya Meher


Class: 12 Science

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50581935

Acknowledgement
I extend my sincere appreciation to Mr. Amit Kane for his
invaluable guidance, support, and encouragement that have
been instrumental in the successful completion of this physics
project. His expertise in the subject, unwavering dedication,
and willingness to assist whenever needed have significantly
enriched my understanding of the concepts involved.
Furthermore, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to
my parents for their unwavering support and encouragement
throughout this project. Their belief in my abilities and their
continuous motivation have been indispensable. I am
especially grateful for their crucial contribution in acquiring the
materials necessary for the completion of this project.
Their unwavering support made it possible for me to conduct
experiments and delve deeper into the subject matter.
Mr, Amit Kane’s guidance and my parents support have been
the cornerstone of this project, and I am profoundly thankful
for their assistance.

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50581935

Index

Sr. No Topic Page No.


1 Aim 1
2 Introduction 1
3 Materials 3
Required
4 Principle 5
5 Construction 7
and working
6 Observations 8
7 Applications 12
8 Bibliography 14

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50581935

AIM:
To study the phenomenon of Wireless Transmission of
Electricity and Electromagnetic Induction.

INTRODUCTION:
Wireless power transfer (WPT), wireless power transmission,
wireless energy transmission (WET), or electromagnetic
power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without
wires as a physical link. In a wireless power transmission
system, a transmitter device, driven by electric power from a
power source, generates a time-varying electromagnetic field,
which transmits power across space to a receiver device,
which extracts power from the field and supplies it to an
electrical load. The technology of wireless power transmission
can eliminate the use of the wires and batteries, thus
increasing the mobility, convenience, and safety of an
electronic device for all users. Wireless power transfer is
useful to power electrical devices where interconnecting wires
are inconvenient, hazardous, or are not possible. Moreover,
this method can be involved in a variety of applications, like
to charge mobile phones, laptops wirelessly. And this kind of
charging gives a far lower risk of electrical shock as it would
be galvanically isolated. This is an emerging technology, and
further, the distance of power transfer can be improved as the
study across the world is still going on.

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50581935

MATERIALS
REQUIRED:

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50581935

• 1 centre tapped insulated copper wire coil (40 turns)


radius: 3.5 cm.
• 1 insulated copper wire coil (40 turns)
• 9V battery (Nippo)
• 22kΩ resistor
• 2N2222A transistor
• Connecting wires
• Battery connector
• LED bulb
• Switch
• Distance between two coils: 1.5cm
• Hot glue gun

9V VCC

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50581935

PRINCIPLE:
Wireless power transmission is based on the principle of
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION, specifically Mutual
Induction.
Electromagnetic Induction: Electromagnetic induction (or
sometimes just induction) is a process where a conductor
placed in a changing magnetic field (or a conductor moving
through a stationary magnetic field) causes the production of a
voltage across the conductor. This process of electromagnetic
induction, in turn, causes an electrical current.
The process by which a changing electric field in the primary
coil induces a current in the secondary coil is described by
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
When an alternating current (AC) flows through the primary
coil, it generates a changing magnetic field around it. This
changing magnetic field extends into the surrounding space,
including the region where the secondary coil is located.
According to Faraday's law, a changing magnetic field induces
an electromotive force (EMF) or voltage in any nearby
conductor. This induced EMF is directly proportional to the
rate of change of the magnetic field. When the secondary coil
is within this changing magnetic field, the magnetic flux
passing through it changes over time.
As a result of this changing magnetic flux, an EMF is induced
across the ends of the secondary coil. This induced EMF
creates a potential difference that, if the secondary coil is part

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50581935

of a closed circuit, drives a current to flow in the secondary


coil. This induced current flows in such a direction as to create
a magnetic field opposing the change in the original magnetic
field (as per Lenz's law).
In summary, the changing magnetic field produced by the
alternating current in the primary coil induces an EMF in the
secondary coil. This induced EMF drives a current in the
secondary coil if it forms part of a closed circuit,
demonstrating the principle of electromagnetic induction.

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50581935

CONSTRUCTION AND
WORKING:
For the transmitter, wind the wire till 20-turns, then the loop

for centre tap


connection and again
make 20 turns of coil.
And for the receiver,
make a 40 turns of coil
winding without the
centre tap.
The 2N2222A transistor is used to create oscillations in the
circuit.
According to the
frequency measurement, the recorded oscillating frequency is
approximately 300kHz.

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50581935

Hence the alternating current changes its direction in the


primary coil at 300kHz.
The transistor has 3 pins, namely collector, base, and emitter.
It can be visualized as a switch. The switch is in off position
when there is no current through the base pin. The switch is in
on position when there is some current through the base pin.
The emitter is connected to ground. The current enters the
transistor through the collector pin.

OBSERVATIONS
Experiment: introducing a steel plate between the two coils
Observation: bulb doesn’t glow
Reason:
When we introduce a conductor like a steel plate between the
coils, it interacts with the changing magnetic field. This
interaction can induce eddy currents within the plate due to
electromagnetic induction. Eddy currents are circular currents
that flow within conductive materials when exposed to a
changing magnetic field.

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50581935

These eddy currents create their own magnetic field, which


opposes the original changing magnetic field that induced
them (in accordance with Lenz's law). As a result, the
magnetic field that reaches the secondary coil is altered or
weakened due to the presence of the steel plate and the
opposing magnetic field generated by the eddy currents.
This alteration or weakening of the magnetic field can reduce
the induced EMF in the secondary coil, which means there
might not be enough current flowing through the secondary
coil to light up the bulb.
So, in summary, the introduction of the steel plate can indeed
generate eddy currents that create an opposing magnetic field,
which could weaken the induced electric field and current in
the secondary coil, leading to the bulb not glowing or glowing
dimly.

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50581935

Experiment: introducing a paper between the two coils


Observation: bulb glows Reason:

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50581935

Paper, being a non-conductive material, does not allow the


flow of electric current like conductors do. Therefore, it
doesn't induce eddy currents or interfere with the magnetic
field in the same way that conductive materials do.
When you place paper between the coils, it doesn't
significantly affect the magnetic field's strength or induce
opposing currents like a conductor would. As a result, the
magnetic field created by the primary coil should still
penetrate through the paper and induce an electric current in
the secondary coil (assuming the paper is not excessively
thick or dense).
Thus, placing paper between the coils is unlikely to
significantly disrupt the electromagnetic induction process.

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50581935

The induced current in the secondary coil should still be


present, allowing the bulb to glow if the induced current is
sufficient to power it.

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50581935

APPLICATIONS
Wireless transmission of electricity, while still in the developmental and
experimental stages for widespread commercial use, holds promising
applications in various fields:
1. Consumer Electronics: Wireless charging pads for smartphones,
smartwatches, and other portable devices are already available
commercially. This technology eliminates the need for cables and
connectors, providing convenience to users.
2. Electric Vehicles (EVs): Implementation of wireless charging
infrastructure for EVs allows for convenient charging without physical
connections. This technology could revolutionize the EV industry by
enabling charging while parked or driving on specially equipped roads.
3. Medical Devices: Implantable medical devices, such as pacemakers and
insulin pumps, could benefit from wireless power transfer. It could
eliminate the need for invasive surgeries to replace batteries and reduce
the risk of infections.
4. Industrial Automation: Wireless power transmission has potential
applications in industrial automation, enabling machines and robotics to
operate without the limitations of wired connections. This can enhance
flexibility and safety in manufacturing processes.
5. Remote and Harsh Environments: In areas where traditional power
transmission methods are difficult or dangerous to implement, wireless
power transfer could provide an efficient solution. This includes remote
locations, extreme climates, or hazardous environments.
6. Space Technology: Wireless power transmission may be essential for
future space missions or settlements where long-distance power
transmission is necessary. It could enable the beaming of solar power
collected in space back to Earth.
7. Consumer Appliances and Furniture: Integration of wireless charging
technology into household items such as lamps, furniture, and kitchen
appliances allow for convenient charging without the need for multiple
power cords.

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50581935

8. Public Infrastructure: Implementation of wireless charging pads or


systems in public places like airports, cafes, or public transportation hubs
provides a convenient way for people to charge their devices on the go.
While wireless transmission of electricity offers numerous potential
applications, further research and development are needed to enhance
efficiency, safety, and scalability for broader commercial use in various industries.
Regulatory and standardization efforts also play a crucial role in its widespread
adoption.

Downloaded by TeamNGUlaserFTW ([email protected])

You might also like