Mathew Physics Project

UNION CHRISTIAN PUBLIC
SCHOOL,
CHETPET
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

ON
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
NAME : MATHEW ANU JOY
CLASS : 12 A
ROLL NUMBER :
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SSCE -2023 -2024
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, MATHEW ANU JOY of class XII A has been
successfully completed the project on the topic”ELECTRO-
MAGNETIC INDUCTION” under the guidance of Mr.P.Arocky in
partial fulfillment of the physics practical examination conducted by
SSCE, CBSE, New Delhi for the academic year 2023 – 2024.
Signature of teacher in charge Signature of Principal
This project submitted for the SSCE Practical Examination of class

XII held in the subject of Physics conducted on …………………….. at Union
Christian Public School, Chetpet, Chennai as per the guidelines issued by CBSE.
Signature of Internal Examiner Signature of External Examiner
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many people have

best owned upon me their blessings and the heart pledged support. So I
am utilizing this opportunity to thank all the people who have been
concerned with my project.
Primarily I would like to thank God almighty for giving me the strength,
knowledge and good health to complete this project with success.
Then I would like to thank our Principal Mrs. Nisha Anil John for her
continuous support and our physics teacher Mr. P. Arocky whose whole
hearted guidance helped me to patch this project and make it full proof
success. The suggestions and instructions given by them served as the
major contribution to the completion of this project.
Then I would like to thank my parents and friends who have helped me
with their valuable suggestions and guidance, which has been helpful in
various phases of the completion of this project.
Last but not the least I would like to thank my classmates who have
helped me a lot.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
S NO. TOPICS PAGE NO.
1 Introduction 4-5
2 Aim 6
3 Materials required 6
4 Theory 6-9
5 Observation 9-10
6 Application 10-11
7 Precautions 10
8 Source of Error 10
9 Conclusion 11-12
10 Bibliography 12
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INTRODUCTION
Electro Magnet:
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the
magnetic field is produced by electric current. The
magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off.
Induction:
This process of generating current in a conductor by
placing the conductor in a changing magnetic field is
called induction.
Electromagnetic Induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential
difference (voltage) across a conductor when it is
exposed to a varying magnetic field.
Electromagnetic induction is when an electromagnetic
field causes molecules in another object to flow. Induction
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can produce electricity (in coils), heat (in ferrous metals),
or waves (in a radio transmi tter).
Finally it is refers to the phenomenon where an emf is
induced when the magnetic flux linking a conductor
changes.
Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the magnetic
flux density and the area normal to the field through
which the field is passing. It is a scalar quantity and its
S.I. unit is the weber (Wb).
φ=BA
Principle:
Electromagnetic induction (or someti mes just induction)
is a process where a conductor placed in a changing
magnetic field (or a conductor moving through a
stationary magnetic field) causes the production of a
voltage across the conductor. This process of
electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes an electrical
current - it is said to induce the current.
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AIM:
To Study The Phenomenon Of

Electromagnetic Induction
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
Voltmeter
Coil
Connecting Wires
Magnet
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THEORY:
Invention:
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery
of induction in 1831 though it may have been anticipated
by the work of Francesco Zantedeschi in 1829. Around
1830 to 1832, Joseph Henry made a si milar discovery, but
did not publish his findings until later
Induced e.m.f.s :
If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an e.m.f. will be

generated in the coil. This effect was first observed and explained
by Ampere and Faraday between 1825 and 1831. Faraday
discovered that an e.m.f. could be generated either by,
(a) moving the coil or the source of flux relative to

each other or by
(b) changing the magnitude of the source of
magnetic flux in some way. Note that the e.m.f.
is only produced while the flux is changing.
For example, consider two coils as shown in Figure 1.
Coil A is connected to a galvanometer and coil B is connected to a

battery and has direct current flowing through it. Coil A is within
the magnetic field produced by B and an e.m.f. can be produced
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in A by moving the coils relative to each other or by changing the
size of the current in B. This can be done by using the rheostat R,
switching the current on or off, or (c) using an a.c. supply for B.
(An e.m.f. could also be produced in coil A by

replacing coil B with a permanent magnet and moving this
relative to coil A.)
Representation:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential
difference (voltage) across a conductor when it is exposed to a
varying magnetic field.
Working and Construction:

Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved
through a magnetic field because the magnetic lines of
force are applying a force on the free electrons in the
conductor and causing them to move. This process of
generating current in a conductor by placing the conductor
in a changing magnetic field is called induction. This is
called induction because there is no physical connection
between the conductor and the magnet. The current is
said to be induced in the conductor by the magnetic field.
One requirement for this electromagnetic induction to take

place is that the conductor, which is often a piece of wire,
must be perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force in
order to produce the maximum force on the free electrons.
The direction that the induced current flows is determined
by the direction of the lines of force and by the direction
the wire is moving in the field. In the ani mation above the
ammeter (the instrument used to measure current)
indicates when there is current in the conductor.
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If an AC current is fed through a piece of wire, the
electromagnetic field that is produced is constantly
growing and shrinking due to the constantly changing
current in the wire. This growing and shrinking magnetic
field can induce electrical current in another wire that is
held close to the first wire. The current in the second wire
will also be AC and in fact will look very similar to the
current flowing in the first wire.
It is common to wrap the wire into a coil to concentrate

the strength of the magnetic field at the ends of the coil.
Wrapping the coil around an iron bar will further
concentrate the magnetic field in the iron bar. The
magnetic field will be strongest inside the bar and at its
ends (poles).
Lenz's Law:
When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux
according to Faraday's Law, the polarity of the induced emf is
such that it produces a current whose magnetic field opposes the
change which produces it. The induced magnetic field inside any
loop of wire always acts to keep the magnetic flux in the loop
constant. In the examples below, if the B field is increasing, the
induced field acts in opposition to it. If it is decreasing, the
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induced field acts in the direction of the applied field to try to
keep it constant.
OBSERVATIONS
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APPLICATIONS
The principles of electromagnetic induction are
applied in many devices and systems, including:
 Electrical generators
 Induction motors
 Induction sealing
 Inductive charging
 Transformers
 Wireless energy transfer
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PRECAUTIONS
 Keep yourself safe from high voltage

 Do not use digital voltmeter for above demonstration .
 Use and handle lab instruments with care
 Do not scratch insulated copper wire while making loop
SOURCES OF ERROR
 Values may be wrong

 Error in instruments
CONCLUSION
Faradays Law Of Electromagnetic Induction, first

observed and published by Michael Faraday in the mid-
nineteenth century, describes a very important electro-
magnetic concept. Although its mathematical
representations are cryptic, the essence of Faraday’s is
not hard to grasp: it relates an induced electric potential
or voltage to a dynamic magnetic field. This concept has
many far-reaching ramifications that touch our lives in
many ways: from the shining of the sun, to the
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convenience of mobile communications, to electricity to
power our homes. We can all appreciate the profound
impact Faraday’s Law has on us.
Bibliography
 Physics Class XII NCERT Textbook
 Comprehensive Practical Physics by Lakshmi Publications
 www.hyperphysics.com
 Google images
 pdfcoffee.com_physics-investigatory-project-3-pdf-free.pdf"
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UNION CHRISTIAN PUBLIC

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

Signature of teacher in charge Signature of Principal

This project submitted for the SSCE Practical Examination of class

Signature of Internal Examiner Signature of External Examiner

In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many people have

To Study The Phenomenon Of

If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an e.m.f. will be

(a) moving the coil or the source of flux relative to

Coil A is connected to a galvanometer and coil B is connected to a

(An e.m.f. could also be produced in coil A by

Working and Construction:

One requirement for this electromagnetic induction to take

It is common to wrap the wire into a coil to concentrate

 Keep yourself safe from high voltage

 Values may be wrong

Faradays Law Of Electromagnetic Induction, first

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