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    Ammara Jabeen Roll no 32 editted

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    Ammara Jabeen Roll no 32 editted

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    Ammara Jabeen Roll no 32 editted

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    i.rabiafiaz

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    Chemistry department

    Assignment
    Topic: Use of Enzymetic Processes In The Tanning of
    Leather Material
    Submitted To Dr. OmerJaved
    Course Code. 702
    Roll no MS-chem-F24-R-32
    Submitted by Ammara Jabeen

    1|Page
    Use Of Enzymetic processes In The Tanning of Leather Material

    Mostly people first choice to use leather products due to it's unique properties. To save natural
    environment from the harmfull effects of chemical used in tanning of leather new technologies
    made use of enzyme that give most durable and soften leather products by replacing chemical
    dyes and colorant into bio based dyes water based liquoir into organic solvent.leather is produce
    by number of steps .Take raw hide from animal body by chemical and mechanical process take
    finished hides then soaking is takes place .The purpose of soaking to clean the hide dust ,blood
    and other dirty material from hides and then salt soaking for hours to todys. Soaking process use
    many enzyme such as amidase ,phosphilase .after that unhaairing occur which leads to removal
    of non structural protein and interfibrilary substances.This also occur by enzyme protease which
    leads to spliting of collagen fibers and give more open structure.This is most active enzymetic
    activity and give most high tensile strength leather without demaging the skin collagen was
    obtained with 1percent alkaline protease.Unhairing leads to bating process to remove hair
    roots ,keratin and other protein and glands by using enzyme trypsin extracted from the bovine of
    pancreatic tissue but have many adverse effect due to unpleasant odour impurity and
    infections .Recent studies investigates another microbial origin acidic protease provide
    outstanding performance for pelt bating.Hide contain fats which can be removed by degreasing
    by emulsification and solubilizatiin in solvent chemically as well enzymetically .lipase enzyme is
    used for degreasing .lipase 10mg of raw hide enable successfull degreasing in 15 mint at PH
    7.The difference between the waste of dgreasing show that enzymetically process is favourable
    for environment.Now hide is ready for tanning ,this leads to stabilized the collagen
    fiber .Tanning can takes place by many methods( vegetable ,minerals,syntans) depending upon
    which type of leather is needed.But mostly chromium sulphate tanning is used with the use of
    enzyme.The eco friendly proteolytic enzymes dyes are used that absorbed deeply and give more
    shades and give shiny ,soften leather.The use of enzymes is less time consuming and more
    effective Sach as a class of enzyme hydrolyase convert long protein chain into small chain and
    degradation of peptide chain connecting amino acid. Another enzymes ( cellulase,pectinase etc)
    used in textile industry for taking soften textile products .These enzymes modify fiber structure
    degrade gum ,remove natural fiber give a white colour,dye,give shine and soften textile. But
    these inovations made advanced products but release hazardous waste into environment lead to
    the death of world economy day by day.The tanning generates 2MT waste biomass annually
    which goes to landfills to contaminate soil and water make soil unsuitable cause global warming
    due to bio acumulation of pollutants. So new technologies launches by the industries to menage
    the tannary waste by recycling waste material or collecting waste from every stream by
    management regulation authorities.This artical give us information about the advantages and
    disadvantages of use of enzymes in leather tanning industry.

    2|Page

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