Estd.

2004
LAKSHMI NARAIN COLLECE OF TECHNOLOGY, INDORE
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Electrical Engineering simulaiion

Experiment 1
Aim: To study the waveforms in MATLAB for
single phasc seni.convertor. with RLIoad.
Theory:
Half controlled bridge rectifier
Is

.
,iT1 A K
io
T T2Dm
Vo

| IDM

Operating princíple of a single phase half controlled bridge converte

With reference of Fig, it be stated that for any load current
can
to tlow one device
(TorT2) and one device firom the bottoin group must conduct. from the top group
iowsr, Ti T2 D,
simultaneously. On the other hand Ti Da and "T2 Di
conducts
or D2 cannot conduct
and the output voltage tends to go negative. Therefore, here aresiinultaicously whenever Ti or T2 are on
lour operating modes of
when cuTent flovws through the load. Of course it is this
conduct. The load current during such periods Will be zero.always possible thal none of the fourconverter
The devices
the voltage across different devices operatiung
during these operating modes arc showIn in
modes of this converter and
Fig. the conduction table of
 This table
has been
prepared with reference to
Fig

T,D -

T,D,
T.D
. T,D,

Conduction Table af
single pliase aalf
controlled converter
Description of compouents
used in
Components Tool Box /
MATLAl sinmilation:
Library browser Block
AC Voltage
Source
| Simpower Systems/
Electrical sources
parameters
AC voltage source
Pcak Amplitude(v) =230
Thyristors
(T1, T2) Simpower Systems / Phase(deg) =0
t Load
Power Electronics
Thyristor Frequcncy(Hz)=50
Simpower Systems/ Default
Elements Series RL
Pulse Generator
Simulink/Sources Branch
Pulse Generator Resistance(Ohm)=1e-3=1
Scope Inductance(H)
Simulink/Sinks Amplitude=1
Pulse
Diode
Scope width=50% of period
Simpower Systems /
Power electronics Period=2sec.
Show Output
Measurement Diode
(Voltage & Simpower Systems/ Forward voltage=0.8
Currentt) Measurements Voltage &Current
Parameter iesistance=0.001
Voltage &Current
 Single phase half controlled
bridge converter using MATLAB Simulatio:
Continuous
powergui

Pulse
Generator2

Lulent 1123suremmènt

Pulse
eneiator
Thytisto
Thyistor7 Scope

FD

AC Voltage Source

Diode Diode1 Lo3d

Voltape Measuiement

Output waveform of current and

voltage:

*********''********'************** ***

********** ***********'***?

*******

****T''*''* *:****** .*

'***
**** **** ****|:*
******** *** *** * *****.

****

9.0A ROT45
*
Result: study the waveforms in
MATLAB.
 Estd. 2004 LAKSHMI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECINOLOGY, INDORE
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Electrical Enginecring simulation

Experiment 2
Object: To.study the waveforms. in
load.
MATLAB.fo-three.phase fully controlled rectifier with-RL
Theory:
If all the diodes are
replaced by thyristors, a threc-phasc full converter
phase input supply is connected to terminals A, B, C and the load RL isbridge
is obtained. The
three
connected across the
output terminals of converter. As in single-phase full converter, thyristor power circuit works as a
three-phase AC to DC converter for firing angle deiay 0 <a<90 and three-phase iine commutated
inverter for 90 < a< 180. A
three-phase full converter is, therefore, preferred where regeneration of
power is required. The numbering of SRCs is 1, 3, 5 for the positive group and 4 (=1+3), 6 (=3 +3),
2 (=5 3 6) for the negative group. This
+

of
numbering scheme is adopted here as it agrees with the
sequence gating of six thyristors in a 3-phase full converter. As the origin at the maximum value of
Vab. Vo is given by
Vo 3 / t -w6-a)(/6t a) Vm COS @t.d(ot)
=
3Vm/ n [sin(a + t/ 6) sin(a +
-

T/ 6)]
3Vm/T cos a
Here Vml is the maximum value of line
voltage.
Ifsine function is used for the source
voltage, then Vab Vnl Sin cot because vab =
0 at wt =
0.
Vo = 3/T Ju3 (2/3+u)V isin ot.d(ot)

Diagram:

Three phase fully contuolled rectitier witl RL o.ad

Conduction table:

Vra

T,T
TT|
T.T|
T.T
TT.| .o u

T,T0 Yi
NONE -| -- E
Description of components used in MATLAB sinmulatio::

Tool Box/ Block parameters

Components
Library browser
AC vollage source Peak Anmplitude(v) -230
Simpower Systens/
Pase(Ceg) =0,-120,120
Electrical sources
AC Voltage Frcquency(Hz) =50
Source

Simpower Systems/ Thyristor Default

Thyristors
(T1, T2, T3 Power Electronics

,T4,T5,T6) Resistance(Ohm) =10

Simpower Systens / Series RL
Inductance(H) = le-3
Elements Branch
Load
Simulink/Sources Pulse Generator According to the conduction
Pulse Generator
able
Simulink/Sinks Scope Output current
Scope
Output voltage
Measurement Simpower Systems/ Voltage & Curent Voltage & Current
(Voltage & Measurements Parameter
Current )
 Three phase fully controlled bridge converter using MATLAB simulation:

ordinuous
powerg

L
Copes E Scope3
1

Fulse
Generato1

AC Vollage Source Pul L

tseialos 5 pe

9eniato
LAC Voliage Souce1
Vollae Measureent

AC Vollage Souice2

scopei
Scopeo Scope&

Pulse
JUL
Polse Pulse
enetatoN
eneato TEheralou

Output

***

***********V*** **** ' '*. :*'*******.

***' '******'*
**'*****'***

* ***************'*** *

****************'*****'*i'**'***********'**********''****'****'*** *********
.

*******'**** ******'*****'***'** ' ' " " *****''****** **** *****

1.

'

*''**

''**'***

'*'**'*****

..

waveform:
Result: study the wavefoms in MATLAB
 Estd. 2004
LAKSHMINARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOAOGY, INDORE
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Electrical Engineering simulation

Experiment3
Object: To study the waveforms in MATLAB for chopper circuit.
Theory:
A chopper is static device which is used to obtain a variable
a
de voltage from a constant dc
voltage source. A chopper is also known as dc-to-dc converter. The
etficiency, fas:er response, lower maintenance, smaller size and sniooththyristor
Controi.converter offer gre2ter

STEP DoWN CHOPPER WITII ROLLOAD

A chopper (dc-dc), Only a switch is shown, for which belonging to trensistor

diode
family is used. Also a
(temed as freewheeling) is used to allow the load current to flow tl1rough it, when the
switch
(ie., a device) is turned off. The load is inductive (R-L) one. ln some cuses, a
connected in series with the load (inductive). Due to the load battery (or back emf) is
inductance, the load cyrrent must be
allowed a path, which is provided by the diode; otherwise, i.e., in the
absencc of the above diode, the
high induced emf of the inductance, as the load current tends to decrease,
switching device. If the switching device used is a thyristor, this circuit is called as a damage to the
may cause

chopper, as the output voltage is normally lower than the input voltage. step-down
is termed as buck one. due to reason Similarly, this dc-dc converter
given later.

hopper

FWD o

STEP DOWN CHOPPER WITH

R::L LOAD
 Description of components used in MATLAB siiilati0a:
Components Tool Box/ Block parameters
Library browser
DC Vollage
Simpower Systems DC voltage source
Electrical sources Peak Amplitude(v) =5
Source

IGB1 Simpower Systems IGBT Desaul

Power Electronics

Simpower Systems/ Series RL Resistance(Ohm) =10

Load Elements Branch aductance(H) = le-3

Simulink/Sources Pulse Gcnerator Ámplitude=1

Pulse Generator
P'eriod(sec.)=0.02
Scope Simulink/Sinks Scope Pulse Gen. Output
Output current
Output voltage
Measurement Simpower Systems / Voltage & Current Voltage & Current
(Voltage & Measurements Paramcter
|Current)

Chopper circuit using MATLAB simulation:

Pulse
Generator

Scope1
Cutent Me asuteme t

IGBT

BiLC Branch
oc Voltage Souice ylt3e lulè3surement

Chopper circuit using MATLAB simulation

Output waveform:

* ********,

allakcialA.iaikaAA

*********"**************

''***********

****'***:**********
'********" *****'**********'****"*****'***********

******* *******
*

'***** *****'***********
***

Result: study the waveforms in MATLAB.

 Estd. 2004
LAKSHMI NARAIN COLLEGE OF
Department of Electrical TECHNOLOGY, INDORE
and
Electronies Engincering
Electrical Engineering simulation

Object: To
EXperi1ent 8
study the waveforms in
MATLAB for AC voltage coiirolicr.
Theory: AC volage controllers (ac line
the alternating voltage voltage
applied to load circuit controllers)
a
are
eniployed to vary the RMS value of
constant voltage ac by introducing
by controlling the
source. The RMS
value of Thyristors between the load and a
triggering angle of the
alternating voltage applied to load circuit is a
In brief, an ac
voltage controller
Thyristors in the ac
voliage controller circuits.
controlled
a fixed is a
type of
voltage, fixed frequency ac input hyristor power
of the ac
output voltage and the ac supply to obtain vaiablc converterac which is used to convert
a

trigger angle. 'a' power flow to the load is voliage output. The RMS value
co:rollcd by
There are mainly two varying (adjusting) the
techniques with which AC
Phase control technique voitage controllers can be
Integral cycle control. operated.
P INCIPLE OF PHASE
CONTROL
basic operation of this mode ofTECHNIQUE:-
operation is similar
yristors T1 and T2 are connected in anti to
that of phase
wavefom follows the parallel and caclh controlled rectifie.
crossing of input voltage.input
one is
waveform after TI is fired until iircd at a
tiring angle a, fwo
The other it is line The output
continues until the thyristor T2 start
conduclion commutated at
and the RMS value positive zero
crossing. Thus in both hall ol the alter tic angle a in negative zeroo
is controlled by changing the value of AC wave
form the negative helf and
PRINCIPLE OF ON-OFF CONTROL firing angle u. thyristor coiucts
Another type of the AC
of on-off control voltage control TECHNIQUE (INTEGRAL CYCLE
technique is
explained with reierence to
technique is CONTROL):
called
ntegral cyclc control. as
circuit shown below. The Thc basic
trigger pulses to connect thyristor switches Tl and T 2 sngle phase full wave ac
a

the input ac principle

interval tON. The thyristor supply the load for
to
are turncd
by applying voltage controller on

m'number of input cycles switches 1 Tand 2 "n number of input

T are tumed oft by cycles appropriate gate
consists of an integral numberduring the ime interval during the time
tOFF. The ic blocting the gate trigger
of input
cycles. controller ON time pulses for
The schematic tON usually
selection and the
diagram for both the typc of
in phase control
selcction of the
duiy periods.controllers are same only dilierence
CVcle the technique duty eycle is being the firing angle
hile the period
some
can
may be
include many equal
cycles ol
to one
1put
cycle ol he
input
hsricters absent, voltage some ol waveform while in
are fired at zero according
crossing and
to the iiring angle which may be
present in integralS
then both contro. 1iere the
output
hyrisio'S are
al.owed to
is zcro
that means
conduct tor a
period
cquivalent to particular no of cycles.

Circuit diagram:

Ti P
s
O

Yo
R
Ac voltage controller

Deseription of components used in MATLAB simulation:

Components Tool Box/ Block parameters
Library browser
Simpower Systemns/ AC voltagc sourcc
AC Voltage Electrical sources
Source Peak Amplitude(v) =100
Frequency(Hz) =50
Thyristors Simpower Systems /
(T1, T2) Power Electronics
Thyristor Delault

Simpower Systems/ R Branch

Load Elements Resistance(Ohm) =1
Pulse Generator Simulink/Sources | Pulse Gencrator
Amplitude=1
Scope Simulink/Sinks Scope
Period(scc.)=0.02
Pulse Gen. Output
Measurement Simpower Systems Output voltage
(Voltage & Voltage & Current
Measurements Parameter Voltage
Current
AC voltage controller circuit with Phase control techuique using
MATLAB simulation

entinuous
vwergu Pulse
eeiato

Thyisto

Scope
) AC
Vollagc Me asurement1

Thyristor1 Pulse
Generator1

Output waveform: 1. AC controller with Plhase control tcclnique ising MATLAB

**

* ' * * * ****'*****7' *****T':'***********'**

** ***** **********f '*****'*** ' **''*******

********.

**''*'***** **t *****

********" *** ****'**'*

********

** ' ' * * * * * * * * ' '***" ' * * * * ' * : * * ' * * * * * * * * * ' * * * * ' ' * * * * ' * * * * * * ' * ' ***
'***

**''****'****" *****''* *!* *** '''**''

***********'*''***** *********"'';' *'***'''''

N****''****''**********
 AC
voltage controler circuit with Integral eycle control teelhnique using
MATLAB simulation:
|Continuuous
powergui

Thyristor
Selies ELC Bianch

Voltae Measurement1 S0ope

Tnyistori

JUL
Pulse
Generator1

Output waveform: 2. AC controller with Integral cycle control technique using MATLAB

AMAAMA AA
0N00VATATEYA8S

'***** **.

**** ******

Result: study the waveforms in

MATLAB.
 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

FOR

MOSFET CHARACTERISTICS APPARATUS

MODEL NO. ME 548D & 548P

Mars' made MOSFET Characteristics Apparatus has been designed to plot the V-I Characterstins cia MOSFET
(N-channel enhancement type No. IRF 840).

The instrument comprises of the following builtin parts:

Two continuously variable DC Regulated Power Supplies of 0-5V for gate and -25V for Drain& Gte
voltage are provided.

Input Voltage 230 V10% AC, 50 Hz

Load Regulation 0.2%
Line Regulation 0.05%
Ripple Less than 3 mV R.M.S
Protections Against Short Circuit& Over Load

Three meters to measure Voltage & Current are mounted on front panel & connections brouyhi out

Sockets.

One N-channel enchancementtype MOSFET No. IRF 840 placed behind the cabinet & crnnecticn3 r

brought out at sockets.

THEORY
MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) is a field effecttransistor whose draiti Cuint
is controlled by the voltage on the gate. This n-channel enhancement MOSFET finds wide application in digitat
circuit. MOSFET has a much higher input impedance because of very small gate leakage current. In a
MOSFET gate is formed as a smail capacitor. One plate of this capacitor is the gate and the other plate is the
N-channel with metal oxide as the dielectric.

When positive voltage is applied to the gate, more electrons are made available in the n-chaa
Therefore more number of conduction electrons are made available for current conduction from souroE e drsi
as a result current from source to drain increases.

NOTE: 1. In n-channelenhancementtype MOSFET, Gate is can never operated with negativa v 2 / .

2. There is no pss Parameter in n-type enhancement MOSFET

PACF
 PROCEDURE
Drain CharacteristicS:
1 Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. (1).

MOSFET CHARACTERISTIcS APPARATUs

5V 5! 251A V
0-5V D 5/25mA C
VGS D

LACK RED
5mA 25m A
BLACK RED BLACK REU

Rs
O*********. O****oasenn

IRFZ
) 44N

vus
SET VOLTS
0-5VDC SE. VC.73

FI6. (1)

2 Keep control Knobs of both the Power supplies anticlock wise & switch on the instrurnent

Keep Vas (Gate to Source Voltage) constant

S.Vos2.9V Vs
at 2.9V.
No. Vos
Keep Drain to Source voltage at 0.5 v& note
down the corresponding Drain current.

Increase the drain-source voltage in the steps 5

of 0.5 Vand note the effect of that voltage on 6

drain current I TABLE NO. (3)

Now repeat the steps 4&5 for different Gate voltages

say 3V, 3.1V etc and note down the observation in Table
No. (3).

Plot a Graph between Drain to source Voltage (VDS)8& ******* **

..
Drain Current (1) keeping Vos (Gate to Source Voltage)
constant as shown in Fig. (2).

.
Transfer Characteristics
1 Connect the circuit as shown DS20
in Fig. (1).
- -

No.

2 Keep control Knobs of both the Power

supplies anticlock wise &
switch on the instrument.

6
3 Keep Vos (Drain to Source Voltage) constant at
20Volts TABLE NO. (4)

Keep Gate to Source voltage at 0.5V and note down the drain
current. Vos 20V

Increase the gate source

voltage in steps and note down corresponding
drain current in Obsenvation Table No.
(4).

Plot a graph between Gate- Source Voltage (Vcs) and VGS fV

Drain Current
() as shown in Fig (3).
FiG. 3

Note: Vas May Varies from standard value.

STANDARD ACCEsSORIES
1. Nine Single point Patchchords for Interconnections.

2 Instruction Manual (DOC 548D &P).