_tmp_1734603636

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 7

IS t 9677 - 1980

Indian Standard
GUIDE FOR
LIMITS OF TEMPERATURE-RISE OF THE
WINDINGS OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
WHEN TESTED BY DIFFERENT METHODS
Electrotechnical Standards Sectional Committee, ETDC 1

Chairman Representing
SHRI J. S. ZAVERI Bharat Bijlee Ltd, Bombay

Members
SHRI V. K. BATRA National Physical Laboratory ( CSIR ), New Delhi
SHRI T.L. BHATIA Indian Posts and Telegraphs Department ( Ministry
of Communications ), New Delhi
SHRI J. M. NEOOY ( Altcrnnfc )
SHRI V. S. BHATIA Low Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear Sectional
Committee, ETDC 57, IS1
Biro N. DAYAL Ministry of Defence ( DGI )
COL K. V. KUDVA ( Alternate )
DIREOTORSTANDARDS ( ELEOTRI- Research Designs & Standards Organization,
CAL) ( Ministry of Railways ), Lucknew
DI~ECTOB ( TED ) Central Electricity Authority ( Department of
Power ) ( Ministry of Energy ), New Delhi
DEPUTY DIBEOTOR ( TED ) ( Alfcrnatc )
SHRI M. L. DONQRE Power Cables Sectional Committee, ETDC 59, ISI
SHRI R. D. J&IN Conductors and Accessories for Overhead Lines
Sectional Committee, ETDC 60, IS1
SHRI S. K. KA~LIWAL Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Bhopal
SHRI PRAKASH SINGH ( Alternate )
SHRI S. K. MUKHERJEE National Test House, Calcutta
SHRI B. MUKHOPADHYAY ( Alternatr )
SHBI D. V. NARKE Transformers Sectional Committee, ETDC 16, ISI
SHBI N. NATE Relays Sectional Committee, ETDC 35, ISI
SHRI H. M. PAI High Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear Sectional
Committee, ETDC 58, IS1
SHRI D. N. PURANDARE Electrical Wiring Accessories Sectional Committee,
ETDC 44, IS1
SHRI S. G. RAMAOHANDRA Rotating Machinery Sectional Committee, ETDC
15, ISI

( Confinucd on page 2 )

@ CopVrighl 1981
INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
IS : 9677 - 1980

( Cenfinued from page1 )


Members Rejwcsanting
SHRI V. L. SASTRY Electronics and Radar Development Establishment
( Ministry of Defencc ), Bangalore
SHRI K.V. BEAT ( Ahrnotr )
DR S. M. SEN Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta
DB H. V. K. ~JDUPA Secondary Cells and Batteries Sectional Committee,
ETDC 11, IS1
SHBI H. N. VENKOBHA RAO Central Electrochemical Research Institute ( CSIR ),
Karaikudi
SERI Y. MAHADEVA IYER ( Alternate )
SHBI M. P. WAQH Indian Electrical Manufacturers’ Association,
Bombay
SHRI S. D. M~HEKA~ ( Aftsrnafe )
SHRI S. P. SACHDRV, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o&o Mcmbcr )
Director ( Elec tech ) ( Secretary )
IS : 9677 - 1980

Indian Standard
GUIDE FOR
\ LIMITS OF TEMPERATURE-RISE OF THE
WINDINGS OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
WHEN TESTED BY DIFFERENT METHODS

0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution
on 18 December 1980, after the draft finalized by the Electrotechnical
Standards Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electro-
technical Division Council.
0.2 The safe and reliable operation of an electrical equipment is achiev-
ed by ensuring amongst other things that under normal conditions of
operation, the steady state temperature of the equipment is maintained
within the limits for which the electrical insulation is designed. This
factor ultimately decides the safe current ( rated current ) which can
pass through the equipment without the temperature of the insulation
exceeding the safe limits.
0.3 The temperature-rise of the windings in an electrical equipment
depends on several factors such as the categories of duty of the equip-
ment; intermittent or continuous, the degree of exposure of the winding
to the atmosphere, the enclosures and their proximity, conditions of
ventilation, cooling, etc. These factors make it necessary to specify the
permissible limits of temperature-rise of the windings and a precise
method to ensure that temperature-rise of the winding remains within
the safe limits.
0.4 This standard has been brought out with a view to provide guidance
on the limits of temperature-rise of the windings when tested by different
methods such as thermometer, resistance and embedded temperature
detectors.
0.5 The measurement of temperature of the winding by using the
mercury-in-glass thermometer is not always reliable owing to features
such as contact surface available and the accessibility. The choice of
the method also depends on the accuracy desired. Also, while specifying
these values by thermometer method, note is to be taken of the fact that

3
IS : 9677 - 1980

the method would not be able to take into account the ’ hot-spot ’ tem-
perature of winding. In this standard, guidance has been provided on
the limits of temperature-rise measured by the following three methods:

a) Thermometer method,
b) Resistance method, and

c) Embedded temperature detector method.


NOTE - Embedded temperature detectors (E. T. D. ) arc resistance thermometers
or thermocouples built into the equipment appropriately during construction at
points which are inaccessible after the equipment is completed.

0.6 Even though it is observed that in most of the cases, while specifying
the requirements relating to temperature-rise of the electrical equipment,
the factors mentioned in this guide are taken care of, there are instances
where adequate differentiation of the limits by the three methods have
not been made. Moreover, the presumptions that are to be valid
regarding hot spot temperature, etc, are not clearly brought out in certain
cases. It is felt that a common standard would provide adequate
guidance while specifving the limits in the individual specifications and,
would serve as a useful guide in case of any divergent views. It isr
however, not intended to enforce literally the provisions of this guide fos
the individual specifications and the relevant Sectional Committee
would be free to use the guide to the extent it is relevant.

0.7 While formulating this standard, information contained in IS : 1271-


1958* has been used.

0.8 While it is generally desirable not to exceed the limits specified in


IS : 1271-1958*, due to special consideration, not provided in this guide,
and dictated by the needs of specific equipment or specific design/
application of same equipment, more stringent or liberal limits may be
imposed in the individual specifications along with a clarification for the
same.

0.9 It is also recognized that this phenomenon of temperature-rise is an


important criteria for parts other than windings of electrical equipment,
such as contacts, terminals metallic parts acting as springs, etc. How-
ever, the recognized method for temperature rise in all such cases is the
contact thermometers.

0.10This standard shall be read in conjunction with IS :9678-1980t.


*Classification of insulating materials for ekctrical machinery and apparatus in
relation to their thermal stability in service.
tMcthods of measuring temperature-rise of electrical equipment.

4
IS : 9677 - 1980

0.11 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of


this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the rounded
off value should be the same as that of the specified vaiue in this
standard.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies guidelines for the limits of temperature-rise
for windings in electrical equipment measured by the following methods:
a) Thermometer method,
b) Resistance method, and
c) Embedded temperature detector method.

2. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
2.0 As indicated in 0.3, the temperature-rise in a winding depends on
several factors. While all these factors are kept in view while laying
down the limits ‘for individual equipment, guidance on general consi-
derations applicable for all cases is given below.

2.1 Reference Ambient Temperature


2.1.1 The limits of temperature-rise are generally applicable, over a
reference ambient temperature and for the limits of altitude specified in
the individual standards.
2.1.2 Unless otherwise specified in the individual standards, the
standard reference ambient temperature for electrical equipment is 4O”C,
at an altitude not exceeding 1 000 metres.
NOTE -The basis for arriving at the standard reference ambient temperature of
40% and the assumptions made are covered in IS : 9676-1980t.

2.2 Methods of Measurement of Temperature-Rise


2.2.1 The methods of measurement of temperature-rise, and the
special precautions to be observed are covered in IS : 9678-1980$

*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised 1.


$Rcference ambient temperature for electrical equipment.
fMethods of measuring temperature-rise of electrical equipment.

5
IS : 9677 - 1980

2.2.2 The limits of temperature-rise are specified in the individual


specifications in relation to the method most appropriate and suitable for
the winding under test. While the rise in temperature is the difference
between the steady state temperature of the winding and the cooling
medium temperature, the limits shall have to be based on the particular
method which has been indicated.
2.2.3 In the thermometer method of measurement, the temperature is
determined by thermometers applied to the accessible surfaces of the
winding. The term thermometer also includes non-embedded thermo-
couples and resistance-thermometers, provided they are applied to the
points accessible to the usual bulb thermometers. As, by this method,
only the temperature at the accessible surface is measured, the limits of
temperature-rise specified for the hot-spot shall be lowered unless other-
wise specified, by 15”C, to account for the gradient allowance.
2.2.4 In the resistance method of measurement, the temperature-rise
of the windings is determined by the increase in the resistance of the
windings. The change in the resistance of the winding corresponds to
average temperature-rise of the winding and therefore limits of
temperature-rise specified are 5°C lower than the class of insulation to
compensate for hot-spots.
2.2.5 Embedded temperature detector employs requisite number of
detectors built into the windings, suitably distributed around the
winding. The location of detectors are so chosen that the temperatures
someasured are indicative of the hot-spots in the winding. Embedded
temperature detectors shall therefore be placed as far as possible at the
hot spot. Due to constructional constraints, if it is not possible to place
them at the hot spot, suitable allowance shall have to be made on the
limits of temperature measured.
NOTE - Unless otherwise specified, embedded temperature detectors, shall be of
the resistance temperature detector type.

3. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
3.0 It is generally desired that the limits of temperature-rise specified
be adhered to, to the extent possible. Actual application of the
electrical equipment involves many varieties of cases, and more stringent
or liberal limits may be applicable departing from the values specified in
the individual specifications. Suitable guidelines are hence provided in
the individual specifications of electrical equipment in order to cater to
such specific cases.
3.1 Operating Altitude - No adjustment in the limits of temperature-
rise are required if the altitude does not exceed 1 000 metres. However,
for altitudes different from normal service altitude, allowances on the
limits shall be, as specified in the relevant specifications.

You might also like