( Reaffirmed 1997 )

IS : 10659

- 1983

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR DC BRIDGES FOR MEASURING RESISTANCE
Electrical Instruments Sectional
Chairman PROP J. K. CHOUDHURY Jadavpur University Calcutta Members SHHI A. K. BASAK SHRI A. N. SAIIAI ( Akvnate) SHRI V. K. BATRA Representing Development Commissioner, Small Scale Industries ( Ministry of Industry ), New Delhi

Committee,

ETDC

48

National Physical Laboratory ( CSIR ), New Delhi The Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation (I) Ltd, Calcutta SHRI A. K. BARMAN ( Allrraatc ) SERVICE Research Design & Standards Organization. Ministry ELECTRICAL CHIEF of Railways, Lucknow ENQINEICR ADDITIONAL CHIEW ELECTRICAL SERVICES ENGINEER ( Alfernate ) Larson & Toubro Ltd, Bombay SHlLI J.C. COLACO All India Instruments Manufacturers & Dealers SHRI J. J. DARUWELA Association, Bombay SHRI B. K. GERODIA ( Alicrnaic I ) SHKI C. P. GOLIYA ( Alternate II ) National Test House, Calcutta SHRI B. P. GHOSH SHRI D. N. UPADEYAYA ( AltGrnale ) Shanti Electric Instruments, Bombay SI~RI NARENDRA GOLIYA SHRI H. S. SAWARKAR ( Alternafc ) Institute for Design of Electrical Measuring InstruSRRI K. V. GOPALARATNAM ments, Bombay &RI B. V. VARDAI~AJAN ( Alternate ) Instruments Organization Central Scientific SRRI M. R. KATARIA ( CSIR ). Chandigarh Directorate of Industries, Government of Punjab, SHRI K. L. KoLnr Chandigarh SKHI PARMINDER SINUH ( Alternate ) Automatic Electric Ltd, Bombay SHRI S. S. KULKARNI SHRI 0. P. PURI ( Afternate ) The Oriental Science Apparatus, Ambala SHRI LAKSHM~ SAUAR SHH~ K. S. GVPTA ( Aknatc ) SIIRI P. B. CHAI~RA~ARTI ( Continued on page IL ) @ Copyright 1984 STANDARDS INSTITUTION

INDIAN

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Acf ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publiaher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

Ifj:10659 - 1983
( Conhued frompagc Members 1) Representing

Siemens India Ltd, Bombay SHRI M. M. LOHIA SHRI A. H. THAKORE ( Alternate ) Toshniwal Industries Pvt Ltd, Ajmer SHRI S. C. MAHESHWARI SHRI B. SINQII ( Alternate ) SHRI D. B. MALIK SHRI B. N. DAS ( Alternate ) SHRI V. H. NAVKAL

Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi The Bombay Electric Supply and Transport Undertaking, Bombay

SHRI A. D. LIMAYA ( Alternate ) Directorate General of Inspection, Ministry of CAPT C. D. PEBEIRA Defense ( DGI ), New Delhi SHRI K. B. SURI ( Alternate ) British Physical Laboratories India Pvt Ltd, SHRI N. K. RAJASEKHAR Bangalore Sharmasons Sakeva Instruments (P) Ltd, New Delhi SHRI S. SHARMA Directorate of Standardization Ministry of Defence SH~I P. K. SHUKLA ( R&D ), New Delhi SHRI B. M. SRANKAR PRASAD ( AIternate ) Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals SHRI G. K. SINHA ( Inspection ), New Delhi SHRI ANIL GUPTA ( Alternate ) Directorate of Industries & Commerce, Madras SHRI T. SOMASUNDRAM SHRI M. RAJA~OPALAN ( Alternate ) The Motwane Manufacturing Co Pvt Ltd, Gyan SHRI K. THANGARAJ Baugh, Nasik Road SHRI R. VENKATESWaRAN ( Alternate ) Instrumentation Ltd, Kota &RI RAKESH VERMA SRRI F. R. ARA ( Alternate ) Directorate General of Posts & Telegraphs, DepartSHRI R. VISWANATKAN ment of Communication, Jabalpur SHRI S. RAMALINQAM ( Alternate ) Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Bhopal SDI M. S. WANDALKAR SHRI S. K. KASLIWAL ( Alternate ) Director General, IS1 ( Ex-ojicio Member ) SHRI S. P. SACHDEV, Director ( Elec tech ) Secretary SHRI B. K. MARATA Deputy Director ( Elec tech ), IS1

IS : 10659 - 1983

Indian Standard
SPECIlkICATION FOR DC BRIDGES FOR MEASURING RESISTANCE

0.

FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 27 September 1983, after the draft finalized by the Electrical Measuring Equipment Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electrotechnical Division Council. 0.2 This standard covers the requirements of dc bridges and their auxiliary equipment used in the measurement of resistance. This standard has been formulated in the light of the modern practices in the manufacture of bridges. 0.3 In the preparation of this standard considerable assistance has been derived from IEC Publication 564 ( 1977 ) DC bridges for measuring resistance issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission. 0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in The number of significant places retained accordance with IS : 2-1960*. in the rounded off value shauld be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard specifies the requirements of dc bridges for measuring resistance from 0.1 to 100 000 Ohms. It also applies to auxiliary equipment which is a built-in part of the bridge. 1.2 This standard does not apply to bridge comparators nor to selfbalancing bridges nor to those which emply graduations on the null detector to obtain a part of the indicated value, nor to external auxiliary equipment used with the bridge.
NOTE - A bridge comparator is a device example, a two arm adjustable ratio set. *Rules for rounding off numerical intended to compare two resistors, for

values ( revised ).

IS:10659

- 1983

2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of this standard the following definitions in addition to. the relevant definitions given in IS : 1885 ( Part 11 )-1964 shall apply. 2.1 DC Bridge for Measuring Resistance ( Hereinafter Designated Bridge ) - The assembly of at least three resistance arms which, together with a test resistor, forms a bridge network; a source of direct current and a null detector are also required for its operation: these may or may not be built in. At balance, there exists a calculable relationship between the resistance values of the resistors.
NATE - A dc bridge for measuring resistance may be intended to measure twoterminal or four-teminal resistors each with or without a leakage current screen ( circuit ); it will be termed accordingly a two-terminal bridge or a four-terminal bridge with or without provision for a leakage current screen ( circuit ).

2.2 Test measured.

Resistor

The

resistor

whose

resistance having

value

is to be

2.3 Two-Terminal Resistor - A resistor current-potential terminal at each end. 2.4 Four-Terminal Resistor

a single combined

- A resistor 2.4.1 Current Terminal end for current carrying circuit. 2.4.2 nection Potential Terminal - A to a potential measuring resistor circuit.

having having

two terminals two terminals

at

each

for con-

NOTE - The value of the resistance is defined as the quotient of the potential difference between the two potential terminals to the current entering and leaving the current terminals, provided that no current is drawnfrom the potential terminals.

2.5 Resistor with Leakage Current Screen ( Circuit having a leakage current screen ( circuit ) connected terminal, which is often called the guard terminal.

) - A resistor to a separate

NOTE - A resistor with leakage current screen ( circuit ) may bc represented as a delta network consisting of an equivalent value of resistance connected between each pair of terminals. Of these three resistances, the resistance between the two main The terminals is the main equivalent resistance which is intended to be measured. other two resistances of the delta network are usually insulation ( leakage ) resistances which, for very high values of the main equivalent resistance, may be of the same order to smaIIer than it. The main, equivalent resistance may appear either as a two-terminal resistor. *Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 11 Electrical measurements.

IS : 10659 - 1983 2.6 Resistance Decade - A multiple resistor which, usually by means of a switching device, allows the selection of a combination of resistance values rising in equal steps, each step corresponding to an increment of a decadic resistance value such as, far example 0.1 R, 1 ~2or IOQ. NOTE- A resistance decade generally allows a selection of 10, 11 or values ( including zero ).
12 resistance

2.7 Range-Changing Device - A switch or similar device whereby the effective range may be multiplied by a factor ( for example, 0.1 ) which is known as the range factor or range multiplier. 2.8 Measuring Dials - The dials from which, taking into account the setting of range-changing device(s), ifany, the value of the test resistor is determined. 2.9 Connecting Resistance ( Potential ) - For a four-terminal bridge, the resistance of the conductor connecting a potential terminal of the bridge to the corresponding potential terminal of the test resistor, plus the resistance of the potential conductor inside the test resistor. a four-terminal bridge, the 2.10 Link Resistance ( Current ) -For resistance of the conductor connecting a current terminal of the bridge to the corresponding current terminal of the resistor, plus the resistance
of the current conductor inside the test resistor.

2.11 Auxiliary Equipment - Additional equipment, which is or is not an integral part of the bridge, necessary to enable the bridge, to operate accurately and safely as specified. 2.12 Ripple Content - The ripple content of a dc as a percentage of the mean value of the supply is: rms value of the fluctuating component ___ mean value of the supply 2.13 Leakage Current Screen ( Circuit ) prevents
NOTE

supply, expressed

x 100

leakage
-

currents

from affecting

A conducting path which the results of measurements.

guard terminal.

The terminal of the leakage current screen ( circuit ) is often called the

conductive enclosure or 2.14 Electrostatic Screen - An electrically coating intended to protect the enclosed space from external electrostatic influences. 2.15 Measuring Terminals is intended to be connected. The terminals to which the test resistor

2.16 Measuring Circuit - The internal circuit of the bridge which -is ( or can be ) conductively connected to the measuring terminals. 5

IS-: 10659 - 1983

2.17Effective Range - For a specified range factor, the range between the minimum and maximum values of resistance wihch can be measured with the stated accuracy.
2.18 Overall Effective Range - Using all range factors, the overall range of resistance values which can be measured with stated accuracy. 2.19 Dial Setting - The setting of the measuring balancing the bridge, multiplied by the range factor, when determining the value of a test resistor. dial(s) after if applicable,

dials with discrete settings only, the 2.20 Resolution - For measuring resistance corresponding to one step on the measuring dial of lowest value on any specified range. For measuring dials in which one dial is continuously adjustable, the resistance corresponding to the smallest division on the measuring dial of lowest value in any region of the dial setting on any specified range.
For continuously adjustable NOTE may change with the dial setting.

dials

which

are

non-linear,

the resolution

2.21

Influence quantity, which

Quantity - A quantity, is liable to cause unwanted

other than the measured variation in the dial setting. which

conditions under 2.22 Reference Conditions - The specified the bridge meets the requirements concerning intrinsic error(s). of an single value 2.23 Reference Value - A specified within the stated tolerance, the bridge quantity at which, requirements concerning intrinsic error(s). 2.24 Reference quantity within intrinsic error(s). Range which -

influence meets the

A specified range of values of an influence the bridge meets the requirements concerning

2.25 Variation with Influence Quantity - The difference between the dial settings for a constant value test resistor when an influence quantity assumes successively two different specified values. 2.26 Nominal Range of Use influence quantity can assume the specified limits. A specified range of value which each without causing a variation exceeding values being longer

2.27 Limiting Values of an Influence Quantity - Extreme which an influence quantity may assume without the bridge damaged or permanently altered in such a way that it no satisfies the requirements of its accuracy class.

2.28 Fiducial Value - A single value for each effective range to which reference is made in order to specify the accuracy of a bridge. 6

IS:10659

- 1983 of

Unless otherwise stated by the manufacturer, the fiducial value effective range is the highest integral power of 10 within that range.

NOTE - For a bridge offering measurement from 1 milliohm to 11 11 Mrgohm with seven different range settings ( .OOl, *Ol, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1 000 ) and having four resistance decades of ( units, tens, hundred and thousand ) the Fiducial Value will be 10 ohm, 1~0 ohm, 1 000 ohm, 100 kiloohm, 1 M and 10 megohm.

2.29 Error - The value obtained by subtracting measured quantity from the dial setting.

the true

value

of the

NOTE 1 - Since the true value cannot be determined by measurement, a value obtained under specified test conditions and at a specified time is used. This value is derived from national measurement standards or a measurement standard agreed upon by the manufacturer and the user. NOTE 2 - The error due to any auxiliary equipment which is not built-in bridge is not included in the error of the bridge. to the

2.30 Intrinsic conditions.

Error

An

error

determined

under

reference of

of a bridge is defined by the limits 2.31 Accuracy - The accuracy intrinsic error and the limits of variations due to influence quantities. 2.32 Accuracy which can be the requirements 2.33 Class

Class - A class of bridges, the accuracy of ~a11 of designated by the same number if they comply with all of this standard. The number which designates the accuracy class.

Index

3. CLASSIFICATION 3.0 Bridges shall be classified as given in 3.1 and 3.2.

3.1 According to whether they measure the values of two-terminal of four-terminal resistors with or without a leakage current screen ( circuit ).
NOTE - Some type of resistor. bridges may be capable of measuring the value of more than one

3.2 According 4. STABILITY

to their accuracy

classes as given in Table

1.

4.1 Bridges shall comply with the relevant limits of intrinsic error specified for their respective accuracy classes for the duration of one year from the date of certification associated with delivery or another date to be agreed upon by the manufacturer ( or responsible supplier ) and the user ( or ourchaser ), provided that the conditions of use, transport and storage specified by the manufacturer are complied with.
NOTE - For bridges stability with regard to time is an essential characteristic. Here, it is specified only for the duration of one year, but experience has shown that the rate of change due to ageing effects generally decreases with time. 7

IS : 10659 - 1983
TABLE O.COl ( 10 pm 0.2 ( 2 000 ppm 0.002 ) ( 20 ppm ) o-5 1 ACCURACY CLASS FOR DC BRIDGES

( Cluuse3.2 ) 0.005 001 2 0.02 5 0.05 10 or parts per million

( 50 ppm )
1

( 100ppm ) ( 200 ppm ) ( 500 ppm ) ( 1 OOo lppm )

) ( 5 000 ppm ) ( 10 000 ppm ) ( 20 000 ppm ) ( 50 000 ppm ) ( 100 000 ppm )

The class index of a bridge may be expressed either in percent ( ppm ) or both. If a bridge has several NOTE 1 - Accuracy intended for use except low resistance. measuring

ranges, each range may have its own class index.

classes 2 to 10 ( 20 000 ppm to 100 000 ppm ) are not with bridges measuring very high values of resistance or very test should be determined by choosing a suitable standard is obtainable with a ratio of 1 : 1 and all the resistance

NOTE 2 - The accuracy resistance so that balance arms are used.

5. PERMISSIBLE 5.1 The

parts: a) Constant b) Variable permissible

LIMITS
limits

OF INTRINSIC
of error of

ERROR
are composed of two

a bridge

term related

to the fiducial

value, and and the negative values

term proportional

to the dial setting.

5.1.1 The two limits are given by the positive respectively, of the binomial formula:

Elim =
where Eli,,, = permissible RN = fiducial X =

&A-(+- tx)
limit of the error, expressed in ohms; and value. ( ppm ), the in ohms; as a percentage; states a higher in ohms;

value, expressed expressed

dial setting,expressed

c = class index,

k = 10 unless the manufacturer

When the class index c is expressed formula given below should be used:

in parts per million

Elim = f
NOTE

100 000 0

-~

RN k

f)
is included in the permissible may have its own

error.

1-

Any error due to lack of perfect resolution

NOTE 2 - If a bridge has several measuring permissible limits of intrinsic error. 8

ranges each range

IS:10659

- 1983

5.1.2 Bridges intended to measure values of four-terminal resistors shall comply with the requirements of 5.1.1. If, in order to meet these requirements the connecting resistance and link resistance should have a specified value(s) or range of values, the manufacturer shall state these values for each effective range, as appropriate.
6.

CONDITIONS ERRORS

FOR THE
values

DETERMINATION

OF INTRINSIC
quantities are

6.1 The

reference shown in Table 2.

relative

to each of the influence

6.2 Before any measurment, sufficient time shall elapse for the bridge to reach a stable state and to be in equilibrium with the reference values of the influence quantities. 6.3 The leakage if any shall be instructions. current screen connected in ( circuit ) accordance and the electrostatic screen, with the manufacturers

6.4 The test shall be carried out in succession for both polarities of the dc If the difference between the results of the two supply source. measurements does not exceed 20 percent of the value corresponding to the class index, it is considered as negligible. When the difference exceeds this amount, the error shall be taken as equal to the mean of the errors obtained for each of the two polarities.
NOTE - The test resistor should not be a source of emf or, if it is a source of emf, this should be allowed for in determining the error of the bridge. -TABLE 2 REFERENCE CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCES INFLUENCE QUANTITIES ( Clauses 6.1, 7.1 49.1.1 INFLUENCEQUANTITY Ambient temperature Relative humidity Position Bridge supply voltage or current Ripple content of bridge supply Duration of application of bridge supply REFERENOE~ONDITION* 27C 40 to 60 percent Any Rated value Less than 0.1 percent Any f10 percent ) TOLERANOEPERMITTED F~RTEsTINuP~RPO~E~~ *lC OF THE

*Unless otherwise indicated by the manufacturer. tFor a reference range, no tolerance is allowed.

IS ~: 10859

- 1983 VARIATIONS

7. PERMISSIBLE

7.1 Limits of Variation - When the bridge is under the reference conditions given in Table 2 and a single influence quantity is varied in accordance with the requirements of 7.2, the variation shall not exceed the values specified in Table 3.
TABLE 3 LIMITS OF THE NOMINAL RANGE PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS ( Clauses 7.1, 7.2 and 9.1.1 ) INFLUENCE QUANTITY Ambient temperature Relative humidity Bridge supply voltage nor current CLAss ?_.____h_____ Percent O*OOl 0.002 0.005 . . . 005 0.1 . 10 INDEX ppm 10 . . . 20 Reference value &2C 50 . . . 500 Reference value f5C 1 000 . . . 100 000 Reference value ilO% 25 percent and 75 percent Rated value l5 percent - 75 percent 100 percent 20 percent 10 percent LIMITS OF NOMINAL RANGE OF USE* PERMISSIBLE VARIATICN~ OF USE AND

*Unless otherwise indicated by the manufacturer. $Expressed as a percentage of the permissible intrinsic error.

7.2 Conditions for the Determination of the Variations Variations shall be determined for each influence quantity. During each test, all other influence quantities shall be maintained at their reference conditions. The variation is assessed as follows:

a) When a reference value is assigned to the bridge, the influence quantity shall be varied between that value and any value within the limits of the nominal range of use as given in Table 3. b) When a reference range and a nominal range of use are assigned to the bridge, the influence quantity shall be varied between each of the limits of the reference range and any value in that part of the nominal range ofuse adjacent to the chosen limit of the reference range. 8. ADDITIONAL

ELECTRICAL

AND

MECHANICAL

REQUIRE-

MENTS

8.1 The

requirements for the voltage test and other safety requirements are specified in IS : 9249 ( Part 1 )-1979*.
instruments

*Safety requirements for indicating and recording electrical measuring and their accessories: Part 1 Common safety requirements for instruments.

10

IS : 10659 - 1983 shall state the mini8.2 Insulation Resistance - The manufacturer mum value of dc insulation resistance, measured at 500 V & 10 percent, between anv accessible terminal of the bridge circuit to any other accessible point not intended to be connected to the bridge circuit. This value shall be not less than 5 Meghoms. The measurement shall be made between application of the test voltage. 1 and 2 minutes after the

8.2.1 Except for the condition referred to in 8.2.2, the connection of any one terminal to the case or to earth shall not produce a variation For this exceeding 10 percent of the permissible limits of intrinsic error. test, the case, if it is conductive, shall be connected to earth, If the case is made of insulating material, the bridge shall be placed on a conductive plate which shall be connected to earth. 8.2.2 If there are limitations on earthing, the manufacturer shall state which terminals may be connected to earth or co the case, and/or which terminals need to be connected to earth or to the case. He shall also state which terminals are factory-connected to the case. 8.2.3 If means are provided for avoiding leakages associated with the test resistor by connecting its screen to the leakage current screen ( circuit ) of the bridge, the manufacturer shall state the minimum value of leakage resistance which produces a variation of not greater than 10 percent of the permissible limits of intrinsic error. Under these conditions, the requirements of 8.2.1 do not generally apply. 8.3 Duration of the Application of a Limiting Value of an Influence Quantity - When the limiting values of an influence quantity are dependent on the duration of application, this fact, together with the length of time for which the influence quantity may be applied, shall be stated by the manufacturer. 8.4 Limiting Temperature for Storage, Transport and Use Unless otherwise stated by the manufacturer, bridges shall be capable of withstanding, without damage, exposure to ambient temperatures within the range of -10 to 50C. After returning to reference conditions, the bridges shall meet the requirements of this standard.
NATE 1 - If bridges are installed in racks or test desks, care should be taken to ensure that the ventilation required for their operation is nut impeded. NOTE 2 - Bridges should be tramported and stored in accordance with the manufacturers instructions so as to prevent a change in periormance by using a method which avoids shock, continued vibration and wide temperature fluctuations.

11

IS :10659

- 1983 MARKINGS AND SYMBOLS

9. INFORMATION, 9.1 Information

9.1.1 The following information shall be given by the manufacturer: a) Manufacturers supplier; name or trade-mark or that of the responsible

b) Type reference, if any, given by 4 Serial number; 4 Effective range, resolution and 4

the manufacturer;

f) ?d Reference h) 9 k) ml 4

range factor(s); alternatively, at the choice of the manufacturer, the overall effective range may be given for bridges of classes 0*5..... 10 ( 5 OOO..... 100 000 ppm); Accuracy classes or a single accuracy class when the overall effective range is given; Value of k if other than 10 ( 5.1 ); value and nominal range of use for temperature if different from those given in Tables 2 and 3;

Where relevant, reference position and nominal range of use for position; Reference value ( range ) and nominal range of use for other influence quantities [ see Item (g) and (h) ] if different from those given in Tables 2 and 3; Duration of application of a limiting quantity, if necessary ( 8.3 ); Where ment; relevant, essential characteristics value of an influence of the auxiliary equip-

Test voltage; for transport,

limits and other requirements P) Temperature storage and use, if necessary ( 8.4 ); q) Circuit parts; diagram, values of components

and list of replaceable

r) Procedure for use of the bridge; s) Values or range of values of the connecting resistance and link resistance ( 2.8 and~2.9 ), if relevant; and t) Value of the dc insulation resistance ( 8.2 ). 9.1.2 If a certificate is supplied by agreement between the manufacturer or responsible supplier and the user, it shall contain the following information: a) Certified values together with their uncertainties reference condition, 12 at specified

IS:10659
b) Date of certification, c) Designation and authority.
-

- 1983

of certifying

9.2 Marking, Symbols and Their Locations symbols shall be legible and indelible.

The

markings

and

The symbols specified in Table 4 shall be used where relevant. 9.2.1 The on the case: following information shall be marked on the nameplate or

a) 9.1.1(a), (b) and (c); b) 9.1.1(e), using symbol E-7 or E-8; c) 9.1.1(h), using symbols D-l to D-6; and d) 9.1.1(n),
9.2.1.1

using symbols C-l to C-3. the following marking shall be made: dc

resistance

In addition, bridge.

9.2.1.2 Where essential information

symbol F-33 showing that relevant, is given in a separate document.

some other

9.2.1.3 If a reference value or a reference range is marked, it shall be identified by underlining. 9.2.2 All terminals function and supply. shall be marked to show polarity ( where relevant); shall be identified by

9.2.2.1 In particular, the following terminals a marking adjacent to the terminal:

4 Measuring terminals; b) Terminals for connection to auxiliary equipment; c) Earth terminal, if any ( using symbol F-31 ); d) Terminal(s) of the leakage current screen ( circuit 4 Terminal of the electrostatic screen, if any.

), if any; and

9.2.3 The following information shall be given either on the name plate or on the case or in a separate document:

9.1.1(d), (g) and (k).

9.3 Documentation
9.3.1 Documentation 4

shall state: in 9.1.1(a), (b), (c), ( f), (k), (m), (p),

Information as given (q), (r), (s), (t); and

13

IS : 18859 - 1983
b) Following shall be stated in case these are not marked on the nameplate or on the case [ see 9.2.3(d), (g) and (k) 1. 9.3.2 The certificate referred the information given in 9.1.2. 9.4 Examples of Marking to in 9.1.2, when supplied, shall state,

of a Bridge

9.4.1 Bridge specified in terms of the effective ranges.

N. N.
No. 123L5

dc

resistance A.B.C.

bridge Cl.

Type x 0.1

@@$J@ (O...lOOkRIl~)(xl) 20...23...28C 2 0.

In this example, the markings provide the following information: a) DC resistance bridge, manufactured by N.N; Type A.B.C.D., 1 range serial number factor 12345, 0 to

b) The effective range using the x 100 kQ with 1s~ resolution.

is from

Range factor of x0.1, x 1, x 10 and x 100 correspond to class indices of 50 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm, respectively; Reference value of temperature: 23C.

Nominal range of use from 20 to 28C ( these values are shown because they are different from those specified in Table 1 and 2 ); Test voltage: 2 kV; and The absence of a position symbol shows that the bridge may be used in any position. 14

IS:106599.4.2
N N. No 67890

1983

Bridge ~___

specified

in terms
dc

of overall reslstance

effective
bridge

range:

r-

Type

E F G H

In this example, a) DC resistance manufactured b) Overall is less factors: ranges: c) Bridge d) Test

the markings bridge. by N.N;

provide

the following serial

information: number 67890,

Type

E.F.G.H.

effective range from 0 to 10 MD: the limit of resolution Range than the permissible limit of intrinsic error. Class index on all x0.1, x 1, x 10 and x 100. 0.5; is to be used with the supporting 500 V.
4 SYMBOLS FOR MARKING RRIDGES

surface

vertical;

and

voltage:
TABLE

( Clause 9.2 )

No.
C C-l SAFETY

ITEM

SYMBOL

Test voltage 500 V Q

c-2

Test voltage above 500 V ( for example 2 kV

) I2

c-3

Apparatus not subjected

to a voltage test

D D-l

POSITION Bridge to vertical

OF USE be used with the supporting surface

( Continued )

15

IS:10659-1983
TABLE No. D-2 Bridge to 4 SYMBOLS FOR ITEM be used with the supporting surface MARKING BRIDGES-Confd. SYMBOL

horizontal D-3 Bridge plane to be used ( that with is the supporting the surface

r-l

inclined

60 ) from

horizontal

L
80...90

SO

D-4

Example

for bridge

to be used as D-l

nominal

range of use from 80 to 100

..loo

D-5

Example for bridge to be used as range of use from - 1 to i-1

D-2

nominal

D-6

Example

for bridge

to be used as D-3

nominal

range of use from 45 to 75 E E-7 ACCURACY CLASS

Class index with errors expressed as a percentage ( for example 0.01 ) when the permissible error is proportional in part to the fiducial value and in part to the dial setting Class index with errors expressed in parts per million ( for example 100 ppm ) when the permissible error is proportional in part to the fiducial value and in part to the dial setting GENERAL Electrostatic SYMBOLS screen

E-8

Q
100 ppm

F F-27

.-: \

k-0

F 31

Earth terminal

F-33

Reference

to a separate

document

F-41

Leakage

current

screen

( Under consideration),,

16