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    XII_EXP-8

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    harshrajlohani2002
    Class 12th physics experiment

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    XII_EXP-8

    Uploaded by

    harshrajlohani2002
    2 views2 pages
    Class 12th physics experiment

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Class 12th physics experiment

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views2 pages

    XII_EXP-8

    Uploaded by

    harshrajlohani2002
    Class 12th physics experiment

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Experiment 8

    AIM
    To draw the I - V characteristic curves of a p-n junction in forward and reverse bias.

    APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED


    A p-n junction diode, a resistor of value (3 Ω, 1⁄2 𝑊), one variable voltage power supply (0 – 12 V), a
    voltmeter, milliammeter (mA), a plug key, connecting wires, sand paper and a microammeter (µA).

    PRINCIPLE
    Forward bias:
    When an external voltage is applied to a p-n junction diode in such a way that the p-side is at a
    higher potential with respect to the n-side, it is said to be forward biased.
    Reverse bias:
    When the n-side of a p-n junction diode is at a higher potential with respect to the p-side, it is
    said to be reverse biased. In reverse bias, the p-side of the p-n junction diode is connected to the
    negative of the battery.
    Reverse saturation current:
    As the applied voltage is increased in the reverse biased condition, starting from zero value, the
    current increases, but soon becomes constant. This current is very small (a few microamperes).
    It is called the reverse saturation current.

    PROCEDURE
    1. Ends of the connecting wires are cleaned with the help of sand paper.
    2. Range and least count of the given voltmeter (V), milliammeter (mA) and the microammeter
    (μA) are noted.
    3. All the components are connected as shown in Figure in forward biasing.
    4. Gradually, the applied voltage is increased from 0 and the corresponding voltmeter and
    milliammeter readings are noted.
    5. Now, the p-n junction is reversed in the circuit and milliammeter is replaced by microammeter
    (μA).
    6. The applied voltage is increased from 0 to 30 V and the corresponding voltmeter and
    microammeter readings are noted.
    7. I-V graphs in forward and reverse biasing are drawn on graph paper.
    OBSERVATIONS
    Forward Biasing:
    1. Range of milliammeter = 0 to … mA
    2. Least count of milliammeter = … mA
    3. Range of voltmeter = 0 to … V
    4. Least count of voltmeter = … V
    Reverse Biasing:
    1. Range of microammeter = 0 to … μA
    2. Least count of microammeter = … μA
    3. Range of voltmeter = 0 to … V
    4. Least count of voltmeter = … V

    (A) Readings of voltmeter and milliammeter in forward biasing:


    Applied voltage Current through the diode
    S.No.
    Voltmeter Reading V (Volt) Milliammeter reading (mA)
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.
    8.
    9.
    10.

    (B) Readings of voltmeter and microammeter in reverse biasing:


    Applied voltage Current through the diode
    S.No.
    Voltmeter Reading V (Volt) Milliammeter reading (µA)
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.

    RESULT
    1. The value of cut-in voltage for the given diode is ………. V.
    2. The reverse saturation current for the given diode is …….. μA.

    PRECAUTIONS
    1. Observation should be taken properly.
    2. Voltage of the source should be constant.
    3. All the connections and plugs should be tight and cleaned.

    SOURCES OF ERRORS
    1. Plug in the key may be loose or it may not be clean.
    2. The voltage of the source may not be constant.

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