Networks_enmanuelvelasquez

COMPUTER AND MOBILE DEVICE ARCHITECTURE. SOFTWARE. NETWORKS.
Search for the next concepts in the Internet and write the information on this document.
Basic Network Concepts:
a) Define what a computer network is.
It is a group of interconnected nodes that can communicate and share resources, such as data,
files, or hardware. This nodes are linked through wired or wireless connections, and data is
exchanged using standardized protocols. Other key components are transmission media
(cables or wireless signals), network devices (routers, switches), and protocols (TCP/IP, HTTP).
b) Explain the differences between a LAN, MAN, and WAN network.
LAN (Local Area Network) covers a small area (e.g., home, office) with high-speed connections
and low latency. While MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) spans a city or large campus,
connecting multiple LANs with moderate-speed connections. And for WAN (Wide Area
Network) aliments large areas (e.g., countries or continents), connecting LANs and MANs with
slower speeds and higher latency.
Network Components:
a) What are the functions of a router, a switch, and a modem in a network?
Router: Connects different networks (e.g., LAN to the internet), routes data packets, manages
traffic, and provides security (e.g., NAT, firewall).
Switch: Connects devices within a LAN, forwards data based on MAC addresses, and reduces
collisions by directing traffic to the correct device.
Modem: Converts digital data to analog signals (and vice versa) to enable internet access by
connecting the local network to the ISP.
b) What is an IP address, and what is it used for?
An Internet Protocol address is a unique numerical identifier assigned to each device on a

network. It allows devices to communicate with each other by routing data to the correct
destination.
• IPv4: 32-bit address format (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
• IPv6: 128-bit address format, designed to provide more address space.
IP addresses come in two types:
• Private IP: Used within local networks.
• Public IP: Used for devices directly connected to the internet.
Network Classification by Topology:
a) Name and describe three types of network topologies.

Bus Topology: All devices share a single central cable. Simple and cost-effective, but a
failure in the central cable disrupts the whole network.
Star Topology: Devices connect to a central hub or switch. Easy to manage and isolate
issues, but if the central device fails, the entire network is affected.
Ring Topology: Devices form a circle, and data travels in one direction. Efficient for
handling traffic, but a single failure can disrupt the entire network.
b) Mention one advantage and one disadvantage of each.
Bus Topology is simple and cost-effective, however, if there’s a central cable failure, the entire
network could be disrupted.
Despite that a central hub failure can affect the entire network. the Star Topology allows an
easy control and troubleshoot.
And for Ring Topology, it’s efficient for high traffic and has minimal collisions. But it’s
vulnerable to failure, a disruption in any connection affects the entire network.
Internet Security:
a) What is a firewall, and how does it protect a network?
A firewall is a security device or software that monitors and controls network traffic based on
security rules. It protects a network by:
• Filtering traffic, blocking or allowing data based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols.
• Preventing unauthorized access. It stops malicious or unapproved connections from

entering the network.
• Intrusion detection: Detects and blocks attacks like DoS or unauthorized access attempts.
• Monitoring and logging. Recording network activity for auditing and troubleshooting.
• VPN support. It secures remote access to the network via encryption.
b) Explain two basic tips for maintaining a secure network.
Use Strong, Unique Passwords to protect devices and prevent unauthorized access, and you
could also consider using multi-factor authentication (MFA) for added security.
Regularly Update Software and Firmware: Keeping network devices up to date with the latest
security patches to close vulnerabilities and protect against any exploits.
Internet Services:
a) Define what the HTTP protocol and the FTP protocol are.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used for transferring web pages and resources
over the internet. It enables communication between web browsers and servers (e.g.,
requesting and displaying a webpage).
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol): A protocol for transferring files between computers over a
network. It allows users to upload, download, and manage files on remote servers.
b) Explain a practical scenario where each would be used.
HTTP is used for accessing websites and browsing content, like visiting an online store and
viewing product pages, involving HTTP requests between your browser and the web server.
FTP is used for transferring files between computers or servers. For example, a web developer
uses FTP to upload website files from their local machine to a remote server.

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COMPUTER AND MOBILE DEVICE ARCHITECTURE. SOFTWARE. NETWORKS.

Basic Network Concepts:

a) Define what a computer network is.

b) Explain the differences between a LAN, MAN, and WAN network.

a) What are the functions of a router, a switch, and a modem in a network?

b) What is an IP address, and what is it used for?

An Internet Protocol address is a unique numerical identifier assigned to each device on a

• IPv4: 32-bit address format (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

• IPv6: 128-bit address format, designed to provide more address space.

IP addresses come in two types:

• Private IP: Used within local networks.

• Public IP: Used for devices directly connected to the internet.

Network Classification by Topology:

a) Name and describe three types of network topologies.

b) Mention one advantage and one disadvantage of each.

a) What is a firewall, and how does it protect a network?

• Preventing unauthorized access. It stops malicious or unapproved connections from

• VPN support. It secures remote access to the network via encryption.

b) Explain two basic tips for maintaining a secure network.

b) Explain a practical scenario where each would be used.

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