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    8_Lab_Report101

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    8_Lab_Report101

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    3 views7 pages

    8_Lab_Report101

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    of 7

    Electronics- I

    Lab 8: Common Emitter Amplifier

    Names Abdul Wahab


    Muhammad Rehan Tabassum

    Registration
    FA20-BEE-010
    Number
    FA19-BEE139

    Class BEE-3A

    Instructor’s Name Ma’am Riffat Shaista

    Lab Assessment
    Post Lab Total
    Pre-Lab In-Lab
    Data Presentation Data Analysis Writing Style
    Objectives:
    1: Demonstrate the operation and characteristics of the small signal common emitter
    amplifier and
    2: Investigate what influences the voltage gain

    Equipment:
    Breadboard
    Function Generator
    Oscilloscope
    Digital Multimeter
    DC Voltage Source: VDC: 15V
    Resistor: 150Ω, 560kΩ, 4.7kΩ, 2.7KΩ, 3.9 KΩ
    Capacitor: 2.2µF 10µF
    Transistor: 2N2222

    In-Lab I: Common Emitter Amplifier Functional Experiment


    Experimental and Simulated Data:
    Parameter Measured Expected Error
    VB 4.92V 4.773V 2.98%
    VC 11.96V 9.40V 21%
    VE 3.96V 4.11V 3.78%
    VBE 0.65V 0.66V 1.5%

    Parameter Measured Calculated


    IC 1.366mA 1.43mA
    IE 1.55mA 1.44mA
    IB 7µA 6.8µA
    B 195.14 210.29
    rπ 3203.87 3814.95
    gm 0.0596 0.05538

    Oscilloscope output

    For the experiment both the simulated and measured values were really close and provided
    accurate values with a tolerance of 5%. However, only for VC the error was around 21% which is
    a significant difference. It had very little effect on other parameters.
    Simulated Data:

    The simulated output matches with the calculated values, moreover, there is a small difference
    between experimentally obtained data and simulated data. This can be attributed to tolerances
    of electronic components like resistors and capacitors as well as weak junctions and wire
    resistances.
    Comparison between Normal Configuration and configuration without Load and No By-Pass
    Capacitor.

    Condition Vi (V) Vo (V) Gain Measured Gain Calculated Error


    Normal 0.2041 2.041 10 10.74 7.4%
    Without Load 0.2041 3.641 17.83 22.175 19%
    No By-Pass Capacitor 0.204 0.240 1.176 0.67 43%
    Normal Configuration
    Without Load

    Without load the output voltage is shifted up to +9.28Volts with Vmax = +13.68 and Vmin = 4.81V.
    The VPP is 8.87V and Vm = 4.435V.
    Without By-Pass Capacitor

    The simulated result and the measured values for the No By-Pass Capacitor circuit showed a
    43% error. The simulation yielded Vmax = 135.4mV for Vi = 0.2V which gives a gain of 0.67. While
    experimentally derived value for Vmax is 0.24V which results in a gain of 1.176.

    Design Problem
    Design a single stage BJT CE amplifier with the following specifications
    AV = -10 RL = RC = 4.7 KΩ VCC = 10V
    Output

    Output Result:
    B Vout Vin AV
    200 1.1536V 1V 1.15

    In the design problem we ran into the problem of output signal clipping which caused
    unsatisfactory results. The voltage gain remained low, while the calculated values didn’t
    yield expected simulated outcomes. The most amplification we managed was 1.15
    without any clipping in the output signal.
    Critical Analysis:
    1: In this lab we created and used Common Emitter Amplifier to amplify a weak AC signal
    into large useable Voltage, albeit the signal was inverted on the output. This is a
    characteristic of a CE configuration although it provides both significant Current and
    Voltage gain.
    2: In the lab we created a normal CE amplifier using Voltage Divider Bias Circuit and
    measured the values.
    3: Later we disconnected the load and measured again to check the behavior and noticed
    the gain increased significantly. This points to the fact that attacking a load decreases the
    gain and as such a load should be connected while creating more precise amplifier.
    4: Moreover, we also disconnected the By-Pass capacitor and noticed that the gain
    decreased significantly, as the Emitter resistor became part of the circuit.

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