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    WORK SYSTEMS AND DESIGN LECTURE NOTE for CHAPTER 2.2

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    L2.2

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    mehmetfaruk1981
    4 views19 pages
    WORK SYSTEMS AND DESIGN LECTURE NOTE for CHAPTER 2.2

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    WORK SYSTEMS AND DESIGN LECTURE NOTE for CHAPTER 2.2

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views19 pages

    L2.2

    Uploaded by

    mehmetfaruk1981
    WORK SYSTEMS AND DESIGN LECTURE NOTE for CHAPTER 2.2

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 19

    IE333 FALL 2024 / 2025

    OCTOBER 9, 2024

    WEEK 2
    IE333 FALL 2024 / 2025

    Manual Work & Worker-Machine Systems

    1. Manual Work Systems


    2. Worker-Machine Systems
    Chapter 2
    3. Automated Work Systems
    4. Determining Worker and Machine
    Requirements
    Categories of Work Systems

    1. Manual work system


    – Worker performing one or more tasks without the aid
    of powered tools
    Categories of Work Systems

    2. Worker-machine system
    – Human worker operates powered equipment
    Categories of Work Systems

    3. Automated work system


    – Process performed without the direct participation of
    a human worker
    Work Unit

    Work unit – the object that is processed


    by the work system
    – Workpiece being machined (production work)
    – Material being moved (------------ work)
    – Customer in a store (------------- work)
    – Product being designed (------------ work)
    Manual Work Systems

    Human body accomplishing some physical task


    without an external source of power

    • With or without hand tools


    Hand Tool : a small tool that is operated by
    the skill & strength of the human user

    • Other human abilities are required, such as


    hand-eye coordination and mental effort
    Pure Manual Work

    • Some examples:
    – Material handler moving cartons in a
    warehouse
    – Workers loading furniture into a moving van
    without the use of dollies
    – Office worker filing documents
    – Assembly worker snap-fitting two parts
    together
    Manual Work with Hand Tools
    • Some examples:
    – Machinist

    – Material handling worker


    Manual Work with Hand Tools

    • Some other examples:


    – Painter using paintbrush to paint door
    – Assembly worker using screwdriver
    – QC inspector using micrometer to measure a shaft
    diameter
    – Office worker writing with a pen
    Repetitive vs. Nonrepetitive Tasks

    • Repetitive Task
    – Relatively short duration (usually a few minutes or less)
    – High degree of similarity from one cycle to the next

    • Nonrepetitive Task
    – Takes a long time
    – Work cycles are not similar
    Cycle Time Analysis

    Cycle time Tc
    ne
    Tc   Tek
    k 1

    where
    Tek= time of work element k
    ne = number of work elements
    Repetitive Manual Task -- Example
    Repetitive Manual Task -- Example
    Repetitive Manual Task -- Example
    Repetitive Manual Task -- Example
    One Best Method Principle

    Of all the possible methods that can be used to


    perform a given task, there is one optimal
    method that minimizes the time and effort
    required to accomplish it
    – Attributed to Frank & Lillian Gilbreth
    – A primary objective in work design is to determine
    the one best method for a task, and then to
    standardize its use
    Cycle Time Variations

    Once the method has been established,


    the actual time to perform the task is a
    variable due to
    – Differences in worker performance
    – Variations in hand and body motions
    – Blunders and bungles by worker
    – Variations in starting work units
    – Differences among workers
    – The learning curve phenomenon
    Worker Performance

    Defined as the pace or relative speed of


    working
    • As worker performance increases,
    cycle time decreases
    • From the employer’s viewpoint, it is
    desirable for worker performance to
    be high

    • What is a reasonable pace to expect


    from a worker?

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