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    Work Study

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    Work study involves systematically examining work processes to improve efficiency. It aims to optimize the use of people, materials, money, and machinery. Key elements include method study to develop efficient work procedures and work measurement to establish standard time requirements. Method study involves analyzing existing work methods, recording data on processes, and developing improved methods. Work measurement techniques like time study are used to set performance standards. Establishing standard times allows for planning, scheduling, incentive setting and cost control.

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    Work Study

    Uploaded by

    jesus784
    71 views20 pages
    Work study involves systematically examining work processes to improve efficiency. It aims to optimize the use of people, materials, money, and machinery. Key elements include method study to develop efficient work procedures and work measurement to establish standard time requirements. Method study involves analyzing existing work methods, recording data on processes, and developing improved methods. Work measurement techniques like time study are used to set performance standards. Establishing standard times allows for planning, scheduling, incentive setting and cost control.

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    Work study involves systematically examining work processes to improve efficiency. It aims to optimize the use of people, materials, money, and machinery. Key elements include method study to develop efficient work procedures and work measurement to establish standard time requirements. Method study involves analyzing existing work methods, recording data on processes, and developing improved methods. Work measurement techniques like time study are used to set performance standards. Establishing standard times allows for planning, scheduling, incentive setting and cost control.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    71 views20 pages

    Work Study

    Uploaded by

    jesus784
    Work study involves systematically examining work processes to improve efficiency. It aims to optimize the use of people, materials, money, and machinery. Key elements include method study to develop efficient work procedures and work measurement to establish standard time requirements. Method study involves analyzing existing work methods, recording data on processes, and developing improved methods. Work measurement techniques like time study are used to set performance standards. Establishing standard times allows for planning, scheduling, incentive setting and cost control.

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    Work Study

    30th October, 2007

    What is work Study


    Work Study is defined as process which is used

    to examine human work in all its contexts.


    It leads to systematic investigations of all factors which effect the efficiency of situation being reviewed
    To Seek Improvements

    It aims at finding the best and efficient way of using : Men , Material, Money & Machinery
    2

    Elements of Work Study


    Method and Motion Study:
    Systematic investigation of existing method in order to develop and install an easy ,rapid ,efficient , effective and less fatiguing procedure for doing same job at lower costs. Done by eliminating unnecessary motions, alteration of sequence in a process or alteration of process itself

    Work Measurement
    Application of different techniques to measure and establish the time required to complete the job by a qualified worker at a defined level of performance

    Work Study Advantages & Applications


    Advantages:
    Unfiform and improved production flow Higher productive efficiency Reduced manufacturing costs Fast and accurate delivery dates Better Wage setting procedures

    Applications of Work Study:


    Industries ( production operations,research and development)

    Marketing,sales and distribution


    Offices,stores and warehouses, Material handling

    Building and constructions


    Hospitals and army and agriculture.

    Method Study - Procedure


    Select and set objectives:
    To reduce manufacturing cost Reduce bottle neck

    Increase operator efficiency

    Record all data pertaining to existing method by:


    Process Charts :

    1. Flow process chart


    2. Two handed process chart 3. Multiple activity chart Flow Diagrams Models Motion and film analysis: 1. Simo chart - Simultaneous Motion Chart

    Flow Process Charts for Data Recording


    This chart uses This chart is of 3 types: Man Activities of operator machine - Manner in which the equipment is used Material - the changes the material undergoes in location or condition
    Process

    circles for operations


    arrows for transports squares for inspections triangles for storage letter D for delays.
    Before Layout Revision
    Sl. No . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Operation M achine

    Storage Coining Storage + Relief Plug Assy. Ball Pressing Storage Leak Check Storage Poppet assembly Bearing Pressing Storage Thrust washer Assy. Storage
    Total

    From In trolley Press Trolley Press On the Machine Air Gauge Table Table

    After Layout Revision


    Sl. No. Operation Machine

    Process

    1 2 3 4 5

    Storage Coining Bearing Pressing Ball Pressing Leak Check& Poppet Assy. Thrust washer Assy.

    In trolley Press Press Press Table PokaYoke


    1 5 0 0 0

    Press Table Poka-Yoke -6 6 0 1 4

    Total

    Vertical lines connect these symbols in the sequence they are performed.

    Two handed Process Charts for Data Recording

    Two handed process chart records the activities of left and right hand as related to each other
    Use of human body
    Process
    Left hand Operation Pick up Bolt Hold Hold Hold
    LH

    The two hands should begin and complete their movements at the same time
    The two hands should not be idle at the same time except during periods of rest

    RH

    Right hand Operation Idle Pick up Nut to left hand assemble

    Motions of the arms should be symmetrical,in opposite direction and simultaneous


    Continuous curved movements are to preferred to straight line motions involving sudden and sharp,changes in direction Work should be arranged so that eye movements are confined to a comfortable area, without the need for frequent changes of focus

    Summary of Saving Activity


    Operation Transport Check ing Storage

    LH
    1 0 0 3

    RH
    2 1 0 1

    Multiple Activity Charts for Data Recording


    This chart records simultaneously the activities of all the workers and machine on a common time scale and shows inter- relations between them To detect idle times and to decide no. of workers To balance work team and optimize work distributions between workers

    Applications: Plant repair and maintenance Planning team work

    Flow Diagram for Data Recording


    Flow Diagram depicts the probable
    movement of materials in the floor plant. The movement is represented by a line

    in the plant drawing.


    This chart indicates the movement of men and materials If these movement are reduced it will lead to cost and effort reduction The path of movements can be

    better visualized
    Measures the distances moved and points out if the work stations are

    suitably located

    Method Study - Procedure


    Examine asking questions
    Purpose what is done ? Person Who does it ? Place Where it is done ? Means how is it done ? Sequence When it is done 1. Why is it necessary ,why is it done by that method etc., 2. Determine alternate ways of doing 3. Determine best method of of doing

    Operation Analysis
    10

    Method Study - Operation Analysis


    Detailed study of different operations involved In doing a work Some of the work elements to be Combined Eliminated Altered in sequence Worker in terms of fatigue Setup in terms of modification of setup, availability of equipments and number of setups Material specification,cost

    Operation analysis involves in optimizing the processes with regard to:


    Material handling backtracking,distance reduction


    Operations Tools and fixtures easy to use Work condition lighting,ventilation Identification of productive and idle motions Elimination of unnecessary and non- productive motions Redesign of the existing operatios by employing minimum number of motions and appropriate sequence

    Analysis of motion :

    11

    Method Study - Work place Layout design


    Materials and tools to be available in predetermined places closes to the worler To be located in the order of their use Use of gravity , for raw material to reach operator wherever possible Comfortable posture for operator Should be able to operate levers and handles without alteration in body postures Working place classification Actual working area most convenient area to work (1) Normal working area it is within the reach of the operator (2) Maximum Working area - It is accessible with full arms stretch (3) 3 1 2

    12

    Method Study - Procedure


    Develop best method which is :
    Practical , feasible, safe and economical

    Acceptable to design and production and quality control and


    sales

    Install developed method and examine for

    problems
    Maintain new method by periodic checks

    and verifications

    13

    Work Measurement
    Work measurement is the application of techniques designed to establish

    The time for a qualified worker to


    Carry out a specified job at a defined level of

    performance
    A qualified worker is one who is: Accepted as having the necessary physical attributes,

    Who possesses the required intelligence and education,


    Who has acquired the necessary skill and knowledge to carry out the work in hand to Satisfactory standards of safety,quantity and quality

    14

    Work Measurement - Application


    The uses of work measurement To compare the efficiency of alternative methods To balance the work of members of teams, in association with Multiple activity chart To determine, in association with man machine multiple activity charts, the number of machines an operative can run

    The time standards, once set, may then be used:


    For production planning and scheduling Determine plant and Labour requirements

    To set standards of machine utilisation and Labour


    performance and as a basis for incentive schemes To provide information for Labour-cost control 15

    Work Measurement Technique Time Study


    Time study is a work measurement technique for recording the times and rates
    of working for: The elements of a specified job

    Carried out under specified conditions,


    Analysing the data so as to obtain the time necessary for carrying out the job at a defined level of performance

    Basic time study equipment

    A stop watch A study board time study forms camera

    16

    Time Study Procedure


    Obtaining and recording all the information available about the job, the operative and the surrounding conditions
    Recording a complete description of the method,breaking down the operation into elements

    An element is a distinct part of a specified job selected for convenience of observation, measurement and analysis
    A work cycle is the sequence of elements which are required to perform a job or yield a unit of production.The sequence may sometimes include occasional elements Measuring with a timing device(usually a stopwatch) and recording the time taken for each element At same time, assessing the effective speed of working(Rating)

    Extending the observed times to Basic times


    Determining the allowances to be made over and above the basic time for the operation Determining the standard time for the operation

    17

    Time Study Rating & Rating Factor


    Rating Rating is the assessment of the workers rate of

    working relative to the observers concept of the


    rate corresponding to standard performance

    How the rating factor is used


    Observed Time x Rating = Basic time Standard Rating(100)

    Basic time is the time for carrying out an


    element of work at standard rating
    18

    Time Study Standard Time

    + CA

    19

    Work Measurement Other Techniques


    Predetermined Motion Time System (PMTS):
    Does not measure elemnt time All manual tasks are made up of certain basic human movement which are common to all jobs The average time taken to perform a movement is constant (BS 3138 :1969) Basic time can be calculated by summing times of all motions and applying rating factor

    Method Time Measurement (MTM):


    Time measurement unit ( 1 TMU = 0.0006 min.) Analyses the human movements , depending on types of motion and conditions predetermined time values are given for each motion Basic time can be calculated by summing times of all motions and applying rating factor

    20

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