THE VISUAL ARTS AND PERFORMING artistic expression.

It allows artists to
ARTS convey beauty, emotions, and ideas,
offering a unique window into culture,
history, and human experiences.
PAINTING

SCULPTURE
What is PAINTING?

What is SCULPTURE?
 Painting is a way for artists to express
themselves.
 Painting is the application of pigments  The definition of sculpture is an art
to a support surface that establishes form through which 3D pieces of art
an image, design, or decoration. are produced. There are a few unifying
 In art the term “painting” describes characteristics that most sculptures
both the act and the result. share. One is that sculpture is 3D:
 Painting is also important to help sculptures can be in-the-round,
improve creativity, improve cultural meaning they are not connected to
appreciation, and it can have various background material, or they can be
physical and emotional benefits, such reliefs, meaning they are partially
as improving focus and building self- connected in some way to background
esteem. material. Because of the three-
 Most painting is created with pigment dimensional nature of sculpture,
in liquid form and applied with a another key characteristic of sculpture
brush. is that sculptors can explore the
artistic element of form more so than
any other branch of art.
7 Elements in PAINTING

What does “SCULPTURE” mean?

 Color
 Form
 Line  The word "sculpture" is derived from
 Shape the Latin word "sculpere," meaning "to
 Space cut," "to carve," or "to engrave." Both
 Texture the term "sculpture" and the practice
 Value of the art form are truly ancient. The
word "sculpture" has been used as
early as the 14th century and evolved
Examples of famous paintings
with the various romantic languages of
Europe as time went on.
 Las Menins by: Diego Velasquez
 The Creation of Adam by: Michael
History of SCULPTURE
Angelo

 Early Forms of Sculpture. Sculpture

Summary of PAINTING
has been used as a form of human
expression since prehistoric times—
 Painting is a form of visual art where the earliest known works of sculpture
artists use pigments and various date from around 32,000 B.C. Early
mediums to create images or scenes man created utilitarian objects that
on a surface. It has a rich history were decorated with sculptural forms.
dating back to prehistoric times, with Ancient peoples also created small
examples found in cave paintings. animal and human figures carved in
Throughout the ages, painting styles bone, ivory, or stone for possible
and techniques have evolved, spiritual or religious purposes.
becoming an important means of
  Traditions of carving and casting structure and design. Additive
emerged from the ancient civilizations sculpture includes methods such as
of the Mediterranean. The cultures of modeling and casting techniques.
Egypt and Mesopotamia often created Modeling refers to a soft material
sculptures on a monumental scale. being built up to create a design and
These sculptures were related to includes the use of clay or papier
religious life or functioned as a lasting mâché. Using clay often requires the
memorial to the power of rulers. In adding of pieces of clay onto a
ancient Greece and Rome, the human structure and onto other layers of clay
form was the dominant subject in that are built up to create a finished
sculpture, and the artists of classical design. Papier mâché works very
Greece achieved a high degree of similar to clay sculpting, where layers
naturalism in sculpting the human of paper and glue or plaster are
form. From the rigid archaic male applied to a frame or other layers of
figures, known as kouroi, of the sixth paper. Another type of additive
century B.C. to the naturalism of sculpture is known as readymade or
Classical Greece and Rome, the found object sculpture. Marcel
human form was considered the most Duchamp is known for inventing the
respected subject matter for art. concept of readymade.
 Subtractive Sculpture
Subtractive sculpture is defined as a
Elements of SCULPTURE
method of sculpture that requires the
removal of material. Subtractive
 Form sculpture methods include primarily
 Line carving, but can include modeling as
 Plane well, as clay or other soft materials are
 Volume sometimes removed in the process of
 Color sculpting. Carving methods use tools
 Mass such as chisels, knives, gouges, and
 Space hammers to remove material to reveal
 Mass a design. Materials used in carving
 Shape techniques include primarily wood and
stone, as both substances are soft
enough to be shaped but hard enough
Types of SCULPTURE
to hold their shape when carved.
 Casting in sculpture
 Relief Sculpture It refers to the process of creating a
Relief sculpture is a type of sculpture three-dimensional reproduction of an
that is connected on one side to the original artwork or model, typically
background material. Relief sculpture made of a moldable material such as
is in opposition to sculpture in the clay, wax, or plaster. This involves
round, which is a sculpture that is pouring a liquid or molten material
completely separate from any such as metal or resin into a mold,
background. Relief sculpture is known allowing it to harden, and then
for blending both 2D and 3D art. removing the mold to reveal the final
Because it is connected to the cast sculpture.
background, relief sculpture is often The basic need of casting is to make
viewed from one perspective, like difficult and complex shapes that are
paintings. However, it is a form of nearly impossible to make by simple
sculpture because subjects are methods and techniques. Heavy
sculpted and provide a textural machinery and shapes like ships, beds,
component to the work. and other objects can be cast easily
 Additive Sculpture rather than made by joining different
Additive sculpture refers to a smaller objects one by one.
sculptural method that includes the
addition of materials to build up a
 Casting is the oldest known sculpting It was a welcome alternative to stone
technique out there, and it is said to and wood
be in use since 3200 BC. Allowed for the erection of taller
buildings with thinner walls.
Has great strength but is heavy.
ARCHITECTURE
 Steel
Very strong metal with some carbon
What is ARCHITECTURE? and other metals.
Harder than cast iron and very
expensive.
 Architecture is the art of building. It
 Concrete
satisfies a basic, universal human
Architectural concrete refers to
need for shelter.
concrete that while providing an
An architect is an artist who designs
aesthetic finish to the building also
structures to enclose residential,
serves a structural function.
commercial, or public space.
Architects work with construction
technologies, building materials, MUSIC
topography, contractors, and
governmental regulations within a
What is MUSIC?
project budget to satisfy their clients'
wants and needs.
 Music, art concerned with combining
vocal or instrumental sounds for
What is the purpose?
beauty of form or emotional
expression.
 Architects play a critical role in  Music move us, it makes us feel the
designing buildings and public spaces tears but cannot trace the source,
that are not only functional but also says Leticia Sayden.
beautiful and sustainable. architecture  Franz Liszt defines it as the language
exists to create the physical of the heart.
environment in which people live, but
architecture is more than just the built
Properties of MUSIC
environment, it's also a part of our
culture
 Pitch
Highness or lowness of the tone
5 Material of ARCHITECTURE
 Duration
Longness or shortness of tone
 Stone  Volume
Massive and virtually indestructible Loudness or softness of tone
and a symbol character of strength  Timbre or tone color
and permanence it can express Individual quality of musical sound
warmth.
 Wood
6 Classes of Voices
wood has excellent sound absorption.
Stopping sound waves therefore
provides greater acoustic comfort. In  Soprano
the same way, wood also acts as a  Mezzo Soprano
thermal insulator, which not only gives  Alto
the material a pleasant touch but  Tenor
reduces energy consumption.  Baritone
 Cast Iron  Bass
Was also a product of the 19th
century's Industrial Process.
MUSICAL STRUCTURES
Introduction The movement may end with a coda
and there is a slow introduction before
the start of exposition.
 The smallest structure in music is a
figure, sometimes known as a cell. The
melody is made mainly from Musical Structures
repetitions of a four-note figure at
different pitches.
 Rondo Form
It is based on the idea of a rondo
Structures theme (A) that repeatedly comes
around in the tonic key between
contrasting episode (B, C and so on) in
 Strophic Form
related keys. This gives rise to
Simplest form, using the same tune for
structures such as ABACA or ABACABA.
each verse of a song and the structure
 Arch Form
is AAA.
Arch form has a symmetrical structure
 Verse and Chorus Form
such as A B C B A.
Each verse (A) has a similar music but
 Ritornello Form
different words, and followed by
The 'ritornello' of the title refers to the
contrasting chorus (B). Thus, the
opening section in the tonic key.
structure is ABABB.
 Binary Form
It returns to the related keys,
It has two sections, usually repeated in
separated by modulating episodes for
the pattern AABB.
one of more soloists.
The first and second section.
Rondo themes complete and in the
The second section is usually longer
tonic every time it returns
than the first. The first section must
end with a key, and the second section
ends with a tonic. Structures

Lastly often used for dances in the

 Longer musical forms
17th and 18th centuries. It was also
Suite, Concerto, and Symphony
used for short piano pieces in 19th
 Pop song structures
century.
Developed from verse and chorus
 Ternary Form
songs in the early 20th century A short
Ternary form has three sections, the
introduction replaces the first verse
first of which returns at the end, either
and the rest of the song consists of a
exactly (A B A) or varied (A B A1).
repeated 32 bar chorus made from
four eight bar phrases in the pattern
The B section usually contrasts with
AABA.
the A sections in key or content (or
both).
MUSICAL DESIGN
Many 18th century songs do this and
are consequently known as 'da capo'
 Musical design is the art and practice
arias.
of creating soundtracks for a variety of
 Sonata Form
needs. It involves specifying, acquiring
It begins with a section called
or creating auditory elements using
exposition in which a main theme
audio production techniques and tools.
called the first subject is heard in the
tonic key.
Use of MUSICAL DESIGN
It moves to a closely related key that
features a contrasting second subject.
 Film Making
 Television Production
  Sound Recording Elements of MUSIC

Elements of MUSICAL DESIGN  Melody

This refers to the succession of
consecutive notes or tones changing
 Concept and Theme
and pitch and duration.
The set design should align with the
 Rhythm
concept and theme of the musical. It
This has something to do with the
should visually represent the time
patterns in time. (Tempo, meter, and
period, location, mood, and overall
rhythmic pattern)
atmosphere of the story being told.
 Harmony
 Visual Composition
This may refer to a combination of
The set design should have a strong
different tones or pitches played or
visual composition, considering
sung together.
elements such as balance, proportion,
 Texture
symmetry, and focal points. It should
This element refers to the relationship
be visually appealing and draw the
of melodic and harmonic lines in
audience's attention to key areas of
music.
the stage.
 Dynamics
 Creativity and Innovation
This refers to the degree of softness
A good set design for musicals often
and loudness of music.
incorporates creativity and innovation
 Timbre
to bring unique and fresh perspectives
This refers to the quality of sound
to the production. It can involve
generated by instrument or by voice.
inventive use of materials,
 Form
unconventional shapes or structures,
This element refers to how other
and creative ways to depict fantastical
elements of music are organized.
or abstract concepts.
 Attention to Detail
The set design should pay attention to Historical Background
detail to create a realistic and
immersive environment. This includes
 Starts off with ethnic music
elements such as textures, colors,
- Music of tribes
props, and scenic painting. Details
- Use for occasions
help to enhance the storytelling and
 Spans until the post-spanish era
create a believable world on stage.
- Music influenced by the spaniards
 Collaboration
and other cultures
Set design is a collaborative process
 American Colonial Period (Late 19th to
involving directors, producers,
Early 20th Century):
choreographers, and other members
 And even until the modern filipino
of the production team. It is important
music
for the set designer to collaborate
closely with others to ensure the set
supports the overall vision of the Musical Background
musical and aligns with other
production elements.
 Use for feast and rituals of the tribe
- Pre/Post-harvest rituals
PHILIPPINE MUSIC - Weddings
- Pre/Post-war rituals
Music  Connection with nature
- Mimicry of movements in nature
- Copying monkeys, birds, etc.
 Music is considered to be the least
tangible of the arts
Form of Music
  Ethics - Filipino version of the spanish
 Percussions are mainly used zarzuela
 Sometimes gongs are also used
 Pentatonic scale - Use as theater music or
- Five-note scale entertainment
- not commonly used - A form of operetta
 Diatonic Scale
- seven-note scale (operetta- a.k.a opera contains
- Watch preferred over dialogue)
pentatonic
 Kundiman
(percussion- striking of a musical
instruments to produce tones) - "Should-it-not-be"
 Hispanic
- Delivered with romantic lyrics and
 Banda mellow melodies

- Form that kept a spanish - Considered as one of the most

characteristics romantic Filipino love songs

- Much like the spanish and mexican - Accompanied usually by a guitar or

style bans violin

- Use as a competitive tool between - Use for serenading

different municipal (Mellow- soft and rich in sound)
 Randolla  Awit and Corrido
- Ensemble of plectrum instruments - Similar to ancient epic tale telling
- Use overtures and arias from operas - An array of songs and dances
compatible with the philippine music performed by local talents
-Shift between major and minor chords - Translated and spread to different
-Recreation of courtship usage regions of the philippines.

(Plectrum- used for plucking of strings,  Modern

Overture- used as an introduction to  Original Philippine Music (OPM)
an opera, Opera- dramatic - Songs created in the Philippines or
composition accompanied by music, created by Filipinos or those with
Aria- a melody song with Filipino origin
accompaniment, Accompaniment- part
of a composition that serves as a - Mostly comprised of Tagalog, English
background) or Taglish ballads
 Sarswela - Songs of other languages also exist
and are considered as OPM because of
- Filipino version of the spanish the composer/creator
zarzuela
 Pinoy Rock (Filipino Rock Music)
- Use as theater music or
entertainment - Usually in taglish which catches the
attention of most listeners due to the
- A form of operetta use of the language for casual
(operetta- a.k.a opera contains conversation in the philippines
dialogue) - A 'renre similar to that of rock in the
 Filipino USA, through a filipino origin
 Sarswela  Choral Music
 - Performance of a group through
choral singing
- Made famous by the world renown
philippine madrigal singers (Madz)
- The philippines is one of the most
prestigious multi-awarded country in
asia in terms of choral singing.
(Madrigal- usually of 4 to 6 voices
singing without accompaniment)
 Neo-Traditional
- Modern Filipino music fuse with
ethnic music
- Examples are music from joey ayala
and pinikpikan