SCULPTURE

SCULPTURE
Sculpture is the carving, modeling,
casting, contructing ang assembling of
materials and objects into primarily
three dimensional works of arts.
 Types of
Sculpture

Relief Sculpture Free-standing Sculpture (also

called in the round)
The figures or images projected It is characterized by the
to varying degrees from a two presistence of space on all sides,
dimensional plane like in a piece except on the base, therefore the
of wood or a slab of marble. viewers may go “around” the
artwork, enabling their to see it
from different angles.
 FREE-STANDING
RELIEF SCULPTURE
SCULPTURE
 Basic process in creating
sculpture

Subtractive Process Additive Process

Generating a sculpture by eliminating Creating a sculpture by constructing,
parts of the material in order to crate a attaching and reconfiguring materials
piece such as carving wherein the together. The artist may use different
material is removed from the original in
materials and attach them together by
order to defined a figure or an image.
welding or using adhesives.
 Carving
A subtractive process, the sculptor begins with a block of material
and chips or cuts portions of it away until the desired result takes
shapes. This is a demanding technique that requires intense physical
labor.

Modeling
A pliable material such as clay or wax is built up, added and shaped
Various Sculptural into a three-dimensional form. The artist may manipulate the
Techniques material by hand and use variety of tools.

Casting
A process by which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which
contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify.
The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken
out of the mold to complete the process.
Types of
Materials
 Stone
This is extremely hard, earthen material
that can be carved, scraped, drilled and
polished. The durability makes stone
appropriate for monuments and statues
meant to outlive generations is also what
makes working with it a tedious process.
Types of stones used are marble, granite,
basalt and limestone.
 Wood
It may be carved using a variety of tools and
possesses different degrees of hardness that
affects its workability and durability. The
sculptors carve works from solid blocks of
woods or laminate pieces of wood together
using adhesive, heat and pressure in the case
of very large works.
 Clay
This is a naturally occuring material that
is more pliable than stone or wood.
Compared to stone or wood, clay has little
strength and not typically considered a
permanent material unless it is exposed to
heat in high temperature as in ceramics.
Metal
The process of casting metals such as
bronze, gold, silver or iron has changed
little over the centuries. Contemporary
artists have assembled direct-metal
sculptures often of steel by welding,
riveting and soldering.
 Modern of
Materials and
Methods
The past centuries have led to technological changer giving rise to new materials what plastic and
fluorescent lights and to new ways of working with traditional material. Experimentation has led
to new approaches in creating and redefining sculptures.

1. Constructed Sculpture -is built of constructed from an assortment of materials-pieces of wood,

sheet metal wire, plastic, found object or just about anything.
2. Assemblage -is a form of constructed sculpture in which pre-existing or found objects are
integrated and combined in new combinations that take a meaning of their own or separate from
their constituent parts creating a piece.
3. Mixed Media -refers to a catchall category that describes constructions and assemblages in
which artists use a combination of mediums and materials, sometimes in combination with found
objects.
4. Kinetic sculpture -incorporates actual movement caused by the wind, magnetic fields, jets of
water, electric motors and variations in the intensity of light or the active manipulation of the
audience.
History of
Sculpture
1. Pre-Historic Sculpture Sculpture -may be the oldest of the visual arts.
People carved before they painted or constructed dwellings. The earliest
drawings were probably carved on rock or incised (scratched) in earth.
Therefore, these drawings were as much forerunners of relief sculpture as of
painting.

Only a few objects survive to show what sculpture was like thousands of
years ago. There are, however, hundreds of recent examples of sculpture
made by people living in primitive cultures. These examples may be similar
to prehistoric sculpture.
 2. Egyptian Sculpture -Egyptian sculpture and all Egyptian art were based
on the belief in life after death. The body of the Egyptian ruler, or pharaoh,
was carefully preserved, and goods were buried with him to provide for his
needs forever. The pyramids, great monumental tombs of Giza, were built
for the most powerful early rulers. The pharaoh and his wife were buried in
chambers cut deep inside the huge blocks of stone.
Egyptian
Life-size and even larger statues, carved in slate, alabaster, and limestone,
Sculpture were as regular and simple in shape as the tombs themselves. Placed in the
temples and inside the burial chambers, these statues were images of the
rulers, the nobles, and the gods worshiped by the Egyptians. The Egyptians
believed that the spirit of the dead person could always return to these
images. These statuettes were astonishingly lifelike. Scenes carved in relief
and painted in the tomb chambers or on temple walls described Egyptian
life in all its variety.
 3. Greek Sculpture -Around 600 BC., Greece
developed one of the great civilizations in the history
of the world. Sculpture became one of the most
important forms of expression for the Greeks.
Greek
The Greek belief that "man is the measure of all
Sculpture
things" is nowhere more clearly shown than in Greek
sculpture. The human figure was the principal subject
of all Greek art. Beginning in the late 7th century BC,
sculptors in Greece constantly sought better ways to
represent the human figure
 Greek sculpture and Greek art had been exported to
italy long before Romans ruled the land. By the 7th
and 6th centuries BC. the Etruscans were firmly
settled in Italy. Hundreds of objects have been and are
Etruscan and Roman still being found in vast. Etruscan cemeteries. Some of
Sculpture the sculpture and many vases are Greek, while others
are lively Etruscan translations of Greek forms. Many
small bronze figures of farmers, warriors, or gods
show the great talents of the Etruscans as
metalworkers and sculptors.
 A new and brilliant chapter in Christian art
began after the year 1000. For the next three
centuries sculptors, architects, masons,
Early Christian
carpenters, and hundreds of other craftsmen
Sculpture
created some of the most impressive
Christian churches ever built.
 Sculpture after the 12th century gradually
changed from the clear, concentrated
abstractions of Romanesque art to a more
Gothic Sculpture natural and lifelike appearance. Human
figures shown in natural proportions were
carved in high relief on church columns and
portals.
 The Italian peninsula, at the crossroads of several worlds, had
been the heart of the Roman Empire. As early as the 13th
century the Italians planted the seeds of a new age: the
Renaissance. Although the elements of medieval and Byzantine
art contributed a great deal to the formation of Renaissance
sculpture, Italian artists were interested in reviving the classical
Renaissance Sculpture approach to art. (Renaissance means "rebirth.").

The most significant change in art that occurred in the

Renaissance was the new emphasis on glorifying the human
figure. No longer was sculpture to deal only with idealized
saints and angels; sculpted figures began to look more lifelike.
 Sculptors in the 17th century continued to deal with the
same wide variety of sculptural problems as their
Renaissance predecessors, using the human figure as a
form of expression. Baroque artists during this period
Baroque Sculpture employed the use of emotions in their pieces. They
reacted, however, against the mannerism of late 16th
century sculptors. They worked instead for a return to the
greater strength of Michelangelo and the energy and
agility of 15th-century sculpture.
 Statuettes and statues of small groups were
designed as pleasant and often witty additions
to lovely rooms. The individual talents of the
Rococo Sculpture sculptors and their joint efforts created an
ornamental effect. The same brilliance and skill
also created a group of superbly beautiful
churches in southern Germany.
 The pendulum of taste swung in a new direction in the
late 18th century while Clodion (1738-1814) and other
rococo sculptors were still active. This direction, called
neoclassic to describe the deliberate return to classical
Neoclassic and
subject matter and style, lasted in strength for nearly a
Romantic Sculpture century. The change can be seen in the work of the
distinguished sculptor Jean Antoine Houdon (1741-
1828). His statue of George Washington could be
compared to a portrait of a Roman emperor.
 Although the Romantic movement was growing,
many artists still preferred to work in the classical
tradition followed in the academies. In the 1860's a
young sculptor named Auguste Rodin was turned
Rodin
away three times from the École des Beaux-Arts,
the academy in Paris. By the end of the century he
was the most famous sculptor in France and
throughout most of Europe.
 The 20th century was an age of
experimentation with new ideas, new styles,
and new materials. Studies of the human figure
20th-Century gave way to new subjects: dreams, ideas,
Sculpture emotions, and studies of form and space.
Plastic, chromium, and welded steel were
used, as well as boxes, broken automobile
parts, and pieces of old furniture.
Sculpture in the
Philippines
Even before the Spaniards arrived in the
Philippines in the early 16th century, some
forms of native sculpture, mostly idols existed.
Because of their pagan origin, the Spaniards
destroyed the native idols. In time Christianity
spread, and so the subject matter of sculpture
was focused on images of saints, crosses,
crucifixes and other religious objects.
The Manunggul Jar is a secondary burial jar excavated from
Neolithic burial site in Manual ar cave of Lipuun Point. Quezon,
Palawan dating from 890-710 B.C. The two prominent figures at
the top handle of its cover represent the journey of the soul to the
after life...

The Manunggul Jar is widely acknowledged to be one of the Manunggul Jar

finest Philippine pre-colonial artworks ever produced and is a
considered a masterpiece. It is denoted a national treasure and it
is designated as item 64-MO-74 by the National Museum of the
Philippines. It is now housed at the Museum of the Filipino
People and is one of the most popular exhibits there. It is made
from clay with some sand soil.
 Philippine
Woodcarving
Philippine woodcarving has a long tradition. Some carvings are merely
decorative, but many carved objects and motifs have a symbolic meaning.

1. The bulol of the Ifugaos and the other provinces in the Cordillera are
carvings of simplified human figures. They are commonly mistaken for rice
gods and fertility symbols. The bulol is anointed with the blood of butchered
animals in order to transfer the patient's illness to the bulol. Because the figure
is no longer needed after the ritual is completed, some farmers would put
them to use by placing them in their rice granaries as a warning that illness or
death could befall those who attempt to steal their rice.

2. Okir-a-datu are elaborate curvilinear carved motifs made by the Maranao

and Tausug tribes of Mindanao. The main okir motifs are the Sarimanok
(mythical bird), the naga (mythical serpent) and the pako rabong (fern). Such
motifs are used to decorate the houses of Sultans.
3. The Tagbanua bird and animal carvings are religious symbols
that are carved in blackened wood with incised geometric
designs that stand out in the light original wood color against the
blackness.

4. Paete in Laguna is known for all kinds of woodcarvings,

especially santo or religious figures.
5. Pakil in Laguna is known for filigree-like
woodcarvings.

6. Betis, Pampanga is known for its artisans'

skillful carved embellishment of wooden
furniture.
 THAT’S ALL
THANKYOU!!