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    Ratio and Proportion

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    Rugenie Domingo

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    Ratio and Proportion

    Uploaded by

    Rugenie Domingo
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    Ratio and Proportion

    Uploaded by

    Rugenie Domingo

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Ratio and Proportion: Basics and Concepts

    1. Ratio
     Definition: A ratio is a way to compare two quantities by showing the
    relative size of one quantity to another.
     Notation: Ratios are usually written in the form a:ba:ba:b or ab\frac{a}
    {b}ba, where aaa and bbb are the quantities being compared.
     Example:
    o If a basket contains 6 apples and 4 oranges, the ratio of apples to
    oranges is 6:46:46:4, which can be simplified to 3:23:23:2.

    2. Proportion
     Definition: A proportion states that two ratios are equal.
     Notation: If two ratios ab\frac{a}{b}ba and cd\frac{c}{d}dc are equal, we
    write ab=cd\frac{a}{b} = \frac{c}{d}ba=dc or a:b=c:da:b = c:da:b=c:d.
     Example:
    o If 2 pens cost $10, how much will 6 pens cost?

    o Set up a proportion: 210=6x\frac{2}{10} = \frac{6}{x}102=x6. Solve


    for xxx: x=30x = 30x=30. So, 6 pens cost $30.

    Key Concepts
    1. Simplifying Ratios: Divide both terms of the ratio by their greatest common
    divisor (GCD).
    o Example: Simplify 12:1612:1612:16: 1216=34\frac{12}{16} = \
    frac{3}{4}1612=43, so the simplified ratio is 3:43:43:4.
    2. Cross-Multiplication in Proportion: To solve proportions, use cross-
    multiplication.
    o If ab=cd\frac{a}{b} = \frac{c}{d}ba=dc, then a×d=b×ca \times d =
    b \times ca×d=b×c.
    3. Unitary Method: Break down a problem to find the value of one unit and
    then multiply to find the desired amount.

    Applications
     Scaling: Used in maps, models, and recipes to scale quantities up or down.
     Financial Problems: Used to solve interest, profit-sharing, and cost
    allocation.
     Geometry: Helps with similar figures, where corresponding sides are in
    proportion.

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