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Name of Student ……………………. Date of Issue …………….

CA-FOUNDATION COURSE
BUSINESS MATHEMATICS
STUDY MODULE – I
THIS STUDY MODULE COVERS –
1. RATIO, PROPORTION & INDICES, LOGARITHM
2. EQUATIONS
3. LINEAR INEQUALITIES WITH OBJECTIVE FUNCTIONS AND OPTIMIZATION W.R.T.
OBJECTIVE FUNCTION.
[Pages Covered 1-32]

IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS –

This study module is strictly meant for circulation among students of
as a part of the Oral Coaching Programme attended by them.
1) Please note, this study module is not a substitute of oral coaching classes conducted
at the aforesaid institute. It is to be used in combination with oral lectures attended
by the students.
2) Students, in their own interest are advised to attend every oral lecture punctually
and attentively. There will be a lot of tutorial notes which will be additionally
provided to them, during the oral lectures by the concerned faculty. Without
taking these oral lectures seriously, this study module may not serve the desired
purpose.
3) Students, in their own interest are advised to attend every oral lecture punctually
and attentively. There will be a lot of tutorial notes which will be additionally
provided to them, during the oral lectures by the concerned faculty. Without
taking these oral lectures seriously, this study module may not serve the desired
purpose.

ALWAYS REMEMBER
PERSISTENT HARD WORK & STAYING MOTIVATED SURELY
LEADS US TO OUR MISSION
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RATIO, PROPORTION INDICES & LOGARITHM
RATIO
RATIO → Ratio is comparative relationship between two quantities of same kind.
It is denoted by a/b or a:b (Read as a is to b)
a → First term/antecedent, b → Second term/consequent
e.g. 3:4, 7:5
IMPORTANT POINTS →
1. Ratio exists only between quantities of same kinds. There can not be ratio between two
quantities of different kind e.g. No ratio between marks and weight.
2. If terms of the ratio are multiplied or divided by same non zero quantities then ratio
will not change.
3. The ratio of two integers (whole No.) then quantities are said to be commensurable
otherwise incommensurable.
4. Order of Ratio is important i.e. [e.g. 3:4≠4:3]
5. To compare two ratios, convert them in equivalent like fractions. (Make denominator
same)
7 𝑋2 3𝑋5
e.g. 7/10 and 3/4 then 10 𝑋 2 & [=> 14:15]
4𝑋5
6. If a quantity increase/decrease in ratio a:b then
𝑏
(New quantity) = 𝑎 (original quantity)
e.g.(1) Sameer weight 56.7kig. If he reduces his weight in ratio 7:6. Find his new
weight.

TYPES OF RATIO →
1. Ratio of equality => a = b (e.g. 5:5)
2. Ratio of inequality => a≠b (e.g. 6:4)
3. Ratio of greater inequality a>b (e.g. 4:3)
4. Ratio of lesser inequality a<b (e.g. 3:4)
5. Compound Ratio => Product of antecedents to the product of consequents of two or
more ratios
[e.g. For a:b & c:d compound ratio is (aXc) : (bXd) => ac : bd]
6. Duplicate Ratio => a2 : b2
7. Sub-duplicate ratio => √𝑎 ∶ √𝑏
1 1
8. Inverse ratio or Reciprocal ratio [e.g. 𝑎: 𝑏 => 𝑎 : 𝑏 => 𝑏: 𝑎 ]
9. Continued Ratio a : b : c [e.g. If 3:4 & 4:5 then 3:4:5]
10. Triplicate Ratio => a3:b3
3
11. Sub triplicate Ratio => 3√𝑎 ∶ √𝑏
COMPARISION OF TWO RATIOS –
Let a : b & c : d are two Ratio then
(i) a : b > c : d if ad > bc [e.g. for 2 : 3 & 3 ; 5]
(ii) a : b < c : d if ad < bc [e.g. 2 : 3 & 4 : 5]
(iii) a : b = c : d if ad = bc [e.g. 2 : 3 & 4 : 6]
 3
PROPORTION
If there is equality of two Ratios then four quantities are said to be in proportion.
e.g. a:b = c : d => a/b =c/d => ad : cd
Terms of proportion are called proportionals a→1st Propoertional, b→2nd proportional
c → 3rd Porportional, d → 4th Proportional
a and d are called extremes and b and c are called means.
CROSS PRODUCT RULE → Product of extremes = Product of means.
CONTINUED PROPORTION → If a:b = b:c => a:b:c
MEAN PROPORTION→Then middle term b = mean proportion of a & c.
 b2 = ac or b =√𝑎𝑐. (It is also known as geometric mean)
e.g. mean proportion of 25 & 81 is
PROPERTIES →
(1) Intvertendo [if a : b = c : d => b : a = d : c]
(2) Alternendo [If a : b = c : d => a : c = b : d]
(3) Componendo [if a : b = c : d => (a+b) : b = (c+d) : d]
(4) Dividendo [if a : b = c : d => (a-b) : b = (c – d) : d]
(5) Componendo & Dividendo [ (a+b) : (a – b) = (c+d) : b = (c – d)]
(6) Addendo [ if a : b = c : d => (a+c) : (b+d)]
(7) Subtrando [if a : b = c : d => (a – c) : (b – d)]

INDICES
If 2X2X2 = 23 is called exponential expression of order there. Here order is index and 2 is
base.
PROPERTIES →(1) am X an = am+n
𝑎𝑚
(2) = 𝑎 𝑚−𝑛
𝑎𝑛

(3) (am)n = amn

(4) (ab)n = an bn
𝑎 𝑛 𝑎𝑛
(5) (𝑏 ) = 𝑏 𝑛

(6) a0 = 1
1
(7) 𝑎 −𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛
1
𝑛
(8) 𝑎1/𝑛 = √𝑎 = (𝑎)𝑛
𝑛
(9) 𝑎1/𝑛 . 𝑏1/𝑛 = √𝑎𝑏 = (𝑎𝑏)1/𝑛
Important points → If ax=by=cz then let it be k i.e. ax = by=cz=K
Now obtain relation between a, b & c according to given condition & then solve.
e.g. (1) x1/p = y1/q = z1/r & xyz = 1 then find p+q+r
Sol.
e.g. (2) solve if ax=by=cz & b2=ac then y=?
Sol.
 4
LOGARITHM
INTRODUCTION : Logarithms is developed by John Napier. With the help of log multiplication,
computation of power & roots etc. can be done easily in much less time.
If a, X & n are any three number such that
ax=n then logan=x
Here x is called exponent or index, it is called logarithm of number ‘n’ to the base ‘a’
e.g. loga1=x=> 1=ax=>a0=ax=>x=0
IMPORTANT POINTS →
(1)
Log of only the real no. are defined.
(2)
If no base is given. The base is taken as 10.
(3)
Log at base 10 is called common log.
(4)
Log at base e is called exponential log or natural log.
(5)
If log value = 2.0134 then whole part is called characteristic & non negative decimal part
is called Mantissa.
PROPERTIES →(1) loga1=0 (At any base)
(2) logaa = 1 ( any value at same base)
(3) loga(mXn) = logam+logan [e.g. loga(2X3)=loga2+loga3]
𝑚
(4) log a ( 𝑛 )=logam – logan [e.g. loga(2/3)=loga2 – loga3]
(5) loga(m)n=nlogam [e.g. loga(2)3=3loga2]
PROPERTIES RELATING TO CHANGE BASE
(6) To insert new base ’b’
logam=logbm/logba
e.g. change the base of log531 into the common logarithmic base.
log10 31
Sol.` log 5 31 = log10 5

(7) logab X logba =1

(8) logba X logcb=logca [e.g. log23Xlog42=log43]
(9) logam=1/logma [e.g. log23=1/log32]
(10) log 1=0, log10=1, log100=2, log1000=3
METHOD OF DETERMINE CHARACTERISTIC –
Case (1) When the logarithm of a number is greater than 1. In this case, the characteristic of the
logarithm of number greater than 1 is positive & one less than the number of digits before the
decimal point.
e.g.(3) Find the characteristic of logarithms of 4.358
Case (2) When the log of number is less than ʎ in this case the characteristic of log is one less than the
no. of digit before decimal point.
e.g. (4) Find the characteristic of logarithms of 0.4358
 5
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
RATIO & PROPORTION
1. Find the ratio of 3 score to 6 dozen.
(a) 5:6 (b) 6:5 (c) 4:5 (d) None

2. Find the ratio of 3500 m to 1.5km.

(a) 3:4 (b) 7:3 (c) 3:7 (d) 4:3

3. Find the compounded ratio of 2:3, 4:5 and 7:11.

(a) 56:165 (b) 50:107 (c) 76:99 (d) None

4. Find the duplicate ratio of 15:17.

(a) 225:289 (b) 125:169 (c) 225:276 (d) none

5. Find the sub duplicate ratio of 169:625.

(a) 25:23 (b) 23:25 (c) 13:25 (d) 25:13

6. Find the triplicate ratio of 4:7.

(a) 64:343 (b) 68:434 (c) 46:344 (d) 45:343

7. Find the sub triplicate ratio of 125:512.

(a) 7:8 (b) 8:7 (c) 5:8 (d) 8:5

8. What is the inverse ratio of 15:8.

(a) 8:15 (b) 7:15 (c) 7:19 (d) 6:7

9. What is the continued ratio of 1200m, 1000 m and 400 m.

(a) 6:5:2 (b) 7:3:4 (c) 5:2:7 (d) 2:3:4

10. What is greater 7:5 or 5:3.

(a) 5:3>7:5 (b) 7:5>5:3 (c) 7:5=5:3 (d) None

11. Are the ratios 3:8 and 6:16 equal?

(a) yes (b) No (c) Nothing can be said with certainty (d) None

12. Are 3, 6, 12, 24 in proportion?

(a) Yes (b) No (c) Cann’t be said (d) None

13. Find x if 5:12::x:48.

(a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 17 (d) 10

14. The mean proportional of 9 and 25.

(a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17 (d) 18

15. Find the fourth proportional to 2, 5, 9

(a) 23.5 (b) 22.5 (c) 21.5 (d) 20.5

16. Find x if 9, x and 4 are in continued proportion.

(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9

17. What should be added to the terms of 3:5 so as to get 2:3.

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

18. What quantity must be added to each of the terms of the ratio a:b so that it may become equal to C:d?
𝑎𝑑−𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑑−𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑑−𝑎𝑐 𝑎𝑑−𝑎𝑏
(a) 𝑑−𝑐 (b) 𝑐−𝑑 (c) 𝑑−𝑐 (d) 𝑐−𝑑

19. An ornament weights 12.5 gms of which 2.5gm is pure silver and the rest alloy. Find the ratio of pure
silver to alloy?
 6
(a) 1:3 (b) 1:4 (c) 1:5 (d) 4:1

20. Ratio a:b is called ratio of

(a) second term : first term (b) first term : second term
(c) antecedent : consequent. (d) (b) or (c)

21. In ratio, quantities to be compared must be the

(a) same units (b) different units (c) same qualities (d) different qualities.

22. The fraction by which the original quantity is multiplied to get a new ratio is called
(a) Factor (b) multiplying ratio (c) dividing ratio (d) (a) or (b).

23. Ratio a:b is the inverse of

(a) a:b (b) a:a (c) b:a (d) none.

24. A ratio compounded of itself is called its

(a) similar ratio (b) Parallel ratio (c) ever ratio (d) duplicate ratio.

25. Continued ratio is the relation between the magnitudes of

(a) one or more quantities (b) two or more quantities
(c) three or more quantities (d) any of them.

26. A proportion is an expression which states that two ratios are equal, and it represented as
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑐 𝑏 𝑑 𝑎 𝑑
(a) 𝑏 = 𝑐 (b) 𝑏 = 𝑑 (c) 𝑎 = 𝑐 (d) 𝑐 = 𝑏 .

27. In proportion a : b :: c : d, the first and last terms (a and d) as are known as
(a) extremes (b) interms (c) mean (d) none.

28. In case of proportion product of means is always equal to:

(a) Value of Extremes (b) Value of mean
(c) Product of Extremes (d) Product of mean.

29. If x is the third proportional to a, b, then

(a) a:b ::b : d (b) a:b :: c : d (c) a: b :: b : x (d) a : b :: x : b.

30. If x is the mean proportional between a and b then

(a) ab = x (b) ax = bx (c) x = ab (d) 𝑥 = √𝑎𝑏 .

31. A ratio is a comparison of the sizes of two or more quantity of the _________ by division.
(a) same kind (b) different kind (c) any kind (d) homogenous items

32. In the ratio a:b, a and b are called the terms of the ratio; ‘a’ is the ________ and ‘b’ in the _______
(a) Consequent, antecedent (b) antecedent, consequent
(c) (a) or (b) (d) (a) and (b)

33. One ratio is the _________ of the another if their product is 1.

(a) Proportion (b) inverse (c) same (d) none.

34. a3:b3 is the ___________ ratio of a:b.

(a) duplicate (b) triplicate (c) (a) or (b) (d) none.
3
35. The ________ ratio of a:b is 3√𝑎 : √𝐵
(a) duplicate (b) triplicate (c) Sub-duplicate (d) Sub-triplicate.

36. ___________ ratio is the relation between the magnitudes of three or more quantities of the same kind.
(a) Compound (b) triplicate (c) sub-triplicate (d) continued.
 7
37. A __________ is an expression which states that two ratios are equal.
(a) ratio (b) proportion (c) comparison (d) Indices.
𝑎+𝑏 ?
38. In the expression =𝑑
𝑏
(a) c (b) c + d (c) c – d (d) a +b.
𝑎−𝑏 𝑐−𝑑
39. In the expression 𝑎+𝑏 = ?
(a) a – b (b) a + b (c) c – d (d) c +d.
𝑎+𝑏
40. The expression 𝑎−𝑏 is equal to
𝑎 𝑎−𝑏 𝑐−𝑑 𝑐+𝑑
(a) 𝑏 (b) (c) 𝑐+𝑑 (d) 𝑐−𝑑
𝑐

𝑎+𝑏 ?
41. In the expression = 𝑐−𝑑
𝑐+𝑑
(a) a + b (b) a – b (c) c – d (d) c + d.

42. If a:b =C:d then b:a =d:c, property of proportion is called

(a) Invertendo (b) Altermendo (c) Domonendo (d) Dividendo

43. If a:b = c:d then a:c = b:d, property of proportion is called

(a) Invertendo (b) Altermendo (c) Domonendo (d) Dividendo

44. If a:b = c:d then a + b:b = c + d: d, property of proportion is called

(a) Invertendo (b) Altermendo (c) Componendo (d) Dividendo

45. If a:b=c:d then a – b : b = c – d : d, property of proportion is called

(a) Invertendo (b) Altermendo (c) Domonendo (d) Dividendo

46. If a:b = c:d then a + b : a – b = c + d : c – d the property of proportion is called

(a) Componendo (b) Dividendo (c) Alternendo (d) (a) and (b)

47. If a:b = c:d = e:f = ____________ then each of these ratios called Addendo is equal to
(a) (a + c + e + ……….) : (b + d + f + ………..)
(b) (a – c – e - ………..): (b – d – f – ………….)
(c) (a) or (b) (d) (a) and (b)

48. Antecedent is also known as first term.

(a) True (b) Partly True (c) False (d) None.

49. Consequent it also known as second term

(a) True (b) Partly True (c) False (d) None.

50. Bothe terms of a ratio can be multiplied or divided by the same number (i.e. none zero number).
(a) True (b) Partly True (c) False (d) None.

51. To compare two ratios, convert them into equivalent like fractions.
(a) True (b) Partly True (c) False (d) None.

52. One ratio is the inverse of another if there product is zero

(a) True (b) Partly True (c) False (d) None.

53. Each quantity in proportion is called term of proportional.

(a) True (b) Partly True (c) False (d) None.
𝑎 𝑐
54. If 𝑏 = 𝑑 then a,b, c, d are known as 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th proportional respectively.
(a) True (b) Partly True (c) False (d) None.
 8
55. The ratio compounded of 4:9 and the duplicate ratio of 3:4 is
(a) 1:4 (b) 1:3 (c) 3:1 (d) none of these

56. The ratio compounded of 4:9, the duplicate ratio of 3:4 the triplicate ratio of 2:3 and 9:7 is
(a) 2:7 (b) 7:2 (c) 2:21 (d) none of these

57. The ratio compounded of duplicate ratio of 4:5, triplicate ratio of 1:3, sub duplicate ratio of 81:256 and
sub triplicate ratio of 125:512 is
(a) 4:512 (b) 3:32 (c) 1:12 (d) none of these

58. If a:b = 3:4, the value of (2a+3b) : (3a + 4b) is

(a) 54:25 (b) 8:25 (c) 17:24 (d) 18:25

59. Two numbers are in the ratio 2:3. If 4 be subtracted from each, they are in the ratio 3:5. The numbers
are
(a) (16, 24) (b) (4, 6) (c) (2, 3) (d) none of these.

60. The angles of a triangle are in ratio 2:7:11. The angles are
(a) (200, 700, 900) (b) (300, 700, 800) (c) (180, 630, 990) (d) none of these

61. Division of Rs. 324 between X and Y is in the ratio 11:7.X & Y would get Rupees
(a) (204, 120) (b) 200, 124) (c) (180, 144) (d) none of these

62. Anand earns Rs. 80 in 7 hours and Promode Rs. 90 in 12 hours. The ratio of their earnings is
(a) 32:21 (b) 23:12 (c) 8:9 (d) none of these

63. The ratio of two numbers is 7:10 and their difference is 105. The numbers are
(a) (200, 305) (b) (185, 290) (c) (245, 350) (d) none of these

64. P, Q and R are three cities. The ratio of average temperature between P and Q is 11:12 and that between
P and R is 9:8. The ratio between the average temperature of Q and R is
(a) 22:27 (b) 27:22 (c) 32:33 (d) none of these

65. If P:q is the sub duplicate ratio of p-x2:q-x2 then x2 is

𝑝 𝑞 𝑝𝑞
(a) 𝑝+𝑞 (b) 𝑝+𝑞 (c) 𝑝−𝑞 (d) none of these

66. If 2s:3t is the duplicate ratio of 2s-p: 3t-p then

(a) P2 = 6st (b) p = 6st (c) 2p = 3st (d) none of these

67. The number which when subtracted from each of the terms of the ratio 19:31 reducing it to 1:4 is
(a) 15 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d) none of these

68. Daily earning of two persons are in the ratio 4:5 and their daily expenses are in the ratio 7:9. If each
saves Rs. 50 per day, their daily incomes in Rs. Are
(a) (40, 50) (b) (50, 40) (c) (400, 500) (d) none of these

69. The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7:8. If the second train runs 400 Kms. In 5 hours, the speed
of the first train is
(a) 10 Km/hr (b) 50 Km/hr (c) 71 Km/hr. (d) none of these

70. The mean proportional between 25, 81 is

(a) 40 (b) 50 (c) 45 (d) none of these

71. The number which has the same ratio to 26 that 6 has to 13 is
(a) 11 (b) 10 (c) 21 (d) none of these

72. If four numbers ½, 1/3, 1/5, 1/x are proportional then x is

(a) 6/5 (b) 5/6 (c) 15/2 (d) none of these
 9
73. If A = B/2 = C/5, then A:B:C is
(a) 3:5:2 (b) 2:5:3 (c) 1:2:5 (d) none of these

74. If a/3 = b/4 = c/7, then a + b + c /c is

(a)1 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) none of these

75. If p/q = r/s =2.5:1.5, the value of ps : qr is

(a) 3/5 (b) 1 : 1 (c) 5/3 (d) none of these

76. If (5x-3y)/(5y – 3x) = ¾, the value of x:y is

(a) 2:9 (b) 7:2 (c) 7:9 (d) none of these

77. If A : B = 3:2 and B:C=3:5, then A:B:C is

(a) 9:6:10 (b) 6:9:10 (c) 10:9:6 (d) none of these

78. If x/2 = y/3 =z/7, then the value of (2x – 5y + 4z) /2y is
(a) 6/23 (b) 23/6 (c) 3/2 (d) none of these

79. The sum of the ages of 3 persons is 150 years. 10years ago their ages were in the ratio 7:8:9. Their present
ages are
(a) (45, 50, 55) (b) (40, 60, 50) (c) 35, 45, 70) (d) none of these

80. The numbers 14, 16, 35, 42 are not in proportion. The fourth term for which they will be in proportion
is
(a) 45 (b) 40 (c) 32 (d) none of these

81. If x/y = z/w, implies y/x = w/z, then the process is called
(a) Dividendo (b) Componendo (c) Alternendo (d) none of these

82. If p/q = r/s = p-r/q-s, the process is called

(a) Subtrando (b) Addendo (c) Invertendo (d) none of these

83. If a/b =c/d, implies (a+b)/(a-b) = (c+d)/(c-d), the process is called

(a) Componendo (b) Dividendo
(c) Componendo & Dividendo (d) none of these

84. If u/v =w/p, the (u-v)/(u+v) = (w-p)/(w+p). the process is called

(a) Invertendo (b) Alternendo (c) Addendo (d) none of these

85. The mean proportional between 1.4 gms and 5.6 gms is
(a) 28gms (b) 2.8gms (c) 3.2gms (d) none of these
𝑎 𝑏
86. If = then
4 5
𝑎+4 𝑏−5 𝑎+4 𝑏+5 𝑎−4 𝑏+5
(a) = 𝑏+5 (b) 𝑎−4 = 𝑏−5 (c) 𝑎+4 = 𝑏−5 (d) none of these
𝑎−4

𝑎 𝑏
87. If a:b = 4:1 then √𝑏 + √𝑎 is
(a) 5/2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) none of these
 10
Answers Sheet

1-a 2-b 3-a 4-a 5-c 6-a 7-c 8-a 9-a 10-a
11-a 12a 13-b 14-a 15-b 16-a 17-a 18-b 19-b 20-d
21-a 22-d 23-c 24-d 25-c 26-b 27-a 28-c 29-c 30-d
31-a 32-b 33-b 34-b 35-d 36-d 37-b 38-b 39-d 40-d
41-b 42-a 43-b 44-c 45-d 46-d 47-a 48-a 49-a 50-a
51-a 52-c 53-a 54-a 55-a 56-c 57-d 58-d 59-a 60-c
61-d 62-a 63-c 64-b 65-d 66-a 67-a 68-c 69-d 70-c
71-d 72-c 73-c 74-c 75-b 76-d 77-a 78-d 79-a 80-b
81-d 82-a 83-c 84-d 85-b 86-b 87-a

INDICES

35.273.94
1. Simplify 3.814

(a) 35 (b) 37 (c) 33 (d) 39

5 7
𝑋 4/7. √𝑋 3 . √𝑋 3.𝑌 2
2. Simplify 8 5 3
√𝑋 −3 . √𝑦5 .𝑋 8.(𝑋 1/8)
(a) X (b) y (c) XY (d) None.
5 7
3. Divide 𝑥 5/8 . 𝑦 −3/5 . 𝑧 3/7 𝑏𝑦 √𝑥 2 . 3√𝑦 4 . √𝑧 6
(a) 𝑥 9/40 𝑦 −29/15 𝑧 −3/7 (b) 𝑥1 𝑦 2 𝑧 3 (c) 𝑥 8/31 𝑦 8/21 𝑧 −8/7 (d) 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 5
3 4
4. Which is smaller √5 𝑜𝑟 √6
3 4 4 3 4 3
(a) √5 > √6 (b) √6 > √5 (c) √6 = √5 (d) none

1
1
5. Evaluate √ + (0.01)−2 − (27)2/3
4
(a) 3/2 (b) 2/3 (c) 1/3 (d) 3/5

6. Find the value of x if 2𝑥+1 + 3. 2𝑥−3 = 76

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

7. Find the value of 4√(16)−3

(a) 1/8 (b) 1/7 (c) 8 (d)7
1 1 1
(𝑥 𝑏 ) 𝑏𝑐 (𝑥 𝑎 ) 𝑎𝑏 (𝑥 𝑐 ) 𝑎𝑐
8. Find the value of ( (𝑥 𝑐) ) . ( ) .( 𝑎 )
(𝑥 𝑏 ) (𝑥 )
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) None

8 −1/3
9. (125) =?
(a) 5/2 (b) 3/2 (c) 7/2 (d) None

10. Find the value of 51/4 x(125)0.25

(a) 6 (b) 1/5 (c) 5 (d) None

11. If 85/3 x4−4/5 = 2𝑥 , then X=?

(a) 17/5 (b) 18/5 (c) 19/5 (d) None
𝑙+𝑚
𝑥 𝑚 𝑚+𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 𝑛+𝑙 𝑥𝑙
12. The value of ( 𝑥𝑛 ) 𝑋 ( 𝑥𝑙 ) 𝑋 (𝑥 𝑚 ) ___________ is
(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) none
 11
9 1
13. If 27𝑘= , then the value of is _____________.
3𝑘 𝑘2
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

14. If 7𝑥−𝑦 = 49 and 7𝑥+𝑦 = 343, the value of x and y is _______, ______________.
(a) 5/2, ½ (b) 5/2, 3/2 (c) 3/7, ½ (d) None

(33 )2𝑥/3x (23 )−𝑥/6

15. Simplify (2𝑋32)−𝑥/2
(a) 25𝑥 (b) 27𝑥 (c) 18𝑥 (d) 9𝑥
𝑙
𝑥𝑙 𝑥𝑚 𝑚
16. (𝑥 𝑚) 𝑋 ( 𝑥 𝑙 ) ÷ [(𝑥 𝑙 )𝑙 𝑋(𝑥 𝑚 )𝑚 ] [(𝑥 𝑚 )𝑙 𝑋(𝑥 𝑙 )𝑚 ]
(a) 𝑥 −4𝑚𝑙 (b) 𝑥 8𝑚𝑙 (c) 𝑥 2𝑚𝑙 (d) 𝑥 −2𝑚𝑙

17. If 3𝑥 = 4𝑦 = 12𝑧 , then z is equal to

𝑦+𝑥 𝑥𝑦 𝑥−𝑦 𝑥𝑦
(a) 𝑧 = 𝑦𝑥 (b) 𝑧 = 𝑥+𝑦 (c) 𝑧 = (d) 𝑧 = 𝑥−𝑦
𝑥𝑦

18. Certain higher order operations with powers and roots are studies under the heads of
(a) ratio (b) indices (c) Log (d) Both (b) & (c)

19. In the expression 𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑋𝑎𝑋𝑎𝑋𝑎 ___________ to n factors, an is a power of “a” whose base is “______”
and index power is “_____”
(a) ‘a’ ‘b’ (b) ‘n’ ‘a’ (c) a, n (d) none

20. 𝑎 𝑚 𝑋𝑎 𝑛 is also expressed as

(a) am (b) an (c) am+n (d) amn

21. _________ is also expressed as am+n.

𝑎𝑚 𝑎𝑛 𝑎 𝑚+𝑛
(a) (b) 𝑎𝑚 (c) (d) none.
𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛

22. Vale of a0 is __________.

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ∞ (d) none.

23. Expression (am)n = amn is

(a) True (b) Partly True (c) False (d) None.

24. (ab)n = anbn where can take all the values. This relationship is
(a) True (b) Partly True (c) False (d) None.

25. If ax = b, by = c and cz = a and a ≠0, then which one is correct

(a) xyz = 0 (b) xyz = 1 (c) xy = 1 (d) xz = y2

26. 4x-1/4 is expressed as

(a) -4x1/4 (b) x-1 (c) 4/x1/4 (d) none of these

27. 2½ . 4¾ is equal to
(a) a fraction (b) a positive integer (c) a negative integer (d) none of these
1
81𝑥 4 4
28. [ 𝑦 −8 ] has simplified value equal to
(a) xy2 (b) x2y (c) 9xy2 (d) none of these

29. (xa-b).(xb-c).(xc-a) is equal to

(a) x (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) none of these
0
2𝑝2𝑞3
30. The value of ( ) is equal to
3𝑥𝑦
(a) 0 (b) 2/3 (c) 1 (d) none of these
 12
31. Which is true?
(a) 20>(1/2)0 (b) 20<(1/2)0 (c) 20 = (1/2)0 (d) none of these

31. If x1/p =y1/q = z1/r and xyz = 1, then the value of p+q+r is
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) ½ (d) none of these

33. The true option is

3 3 3
(a) 𝑥 2/3 = √𝑥 2 (b) 𝑥 2/3 = √𝑥 3 (c) 𝑥 2/3 > √𝑥 2 (d) 𝑥 2/3 < √𝑥 2

2 3 6
(𝑥+𝑦)3 (𝑥−𝑦)2
34. The value of { } is
√𝑥+𝑦 × √(𝑥−𝑦)3
(a) (x+y)2 (b) (x-y) (c) x+y (d) none of these

35. [1 − {1 − (1 − 𝑥 2 )−1 }−1 ]−1/2is equal to

(a) x (b) 1/x (c) 1 (d) none of these

36. {(xn)n-1/n}1/n+1 is equal to

(a) xn (b) xn+1 (c) xn-1 (d) none of these

37. If a3-b3 =(a-b) (a2+ab+b2), then the simplified from of

𝑙2 +𝑙𝑚+𝑚 2 2 2 2 2
𝑥𝑙 𝑥 𝑚 𝑚 +𝑚𝑛+𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 𝑙 +𝑙𝑛+𝑛
[𝑥 𝑚] 𝑋 [ 𝑥𝑛 ] 𝑋 [ 𝑥𝑙 ]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) x (d) none of these

38. Using (a-b)3 = a3-b3-3ab(a-b) tick the correct of these when x = p1/3-p-1/3
(a) x3+3x =p+1/p (b) x3+3x =p -1/p (c) x3+3x =p+1 (d) none of these

39. On simplification, 1/(1+am-n+am-p)+1/(1+an-m+an-p)+1/(1+ap-m+ap-n) is equal to

(a) 0 (b) a (c) 1 (d) 1/a
1 1
40. If 𝑥 = 33 + 3−3 , then 3x3-9x is
(a) 15 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) none of these

41. The value of ya-b yb-c yc-a is:

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) none of these
7/2 −5/2
6−172 6−2 73
42. The value of (627−4 ) 𝑋 (637−5 ) is
(a) 0 (b) 252 (c) 250 (d) 248
1 1 1
43. On simplification 1+𝑧 𝑎−𝑏+𝑧 𝑎−𝑐 + 1+𝑧 𝑏−𝑐+𝑧 𝑏−𝑎 + 1+𝑧 𝑐−𝑎 +𝑧 𝑐−𝑏 would reduces to
1 1
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 0
𝑧 2(𝑎+𝑏+𝑐) 𝑧 (𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)

44. If (5.678)x=(0.5678)y=10z then

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1 (b) 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0 (c) 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = −1 (d) None

45. If x=41/3+4-1/3 prove that 4x3 – 12x is given by

(a) 12 (b) 13 (c) 15 (d) 17

46. If a=xym-1 b=xyn-1 c=xyp-1 then the value of 𝑎 𝑛−𝑝 𝑋𝑏𝑝−𝑚 𝑋𝑐 𝑚−𝑛 reduces to
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) None

47. If 𝑥 = √2 − √2 − √2 … … … . . ∞ the value of x is given by

(a) -2 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 0
 13
Answers Sheet
1-a 2-b 3-a 4-a 5-a 6-d 7-a 8-a 9-a 10-c
11-a 12-b 13-a 14-a 15-b 16-a 17-b 18-d 19-c 20-c
21-d 22-b 23-a 24-a 25-b 26-c 27-b 28-d 29-b 30-c
31-c 32-b 33-a 34-c 35-a 36-d 37-b 38-b 39-c 40-b
41-a 42-b 43-c 44-b 45-d 46-a 47-b

LOGARITHM

1. Find the logarithm of 2025 to the base 3√5.

(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) None
16 25 81
2. Solve 7 log 15 + 5 log 24 + 3 log 80 .
(a) log 2 (b) log3 (c) log 5 (d) 2 log 5

3. Change the base of log245 to common logarithmic base.

(a) log1045 X Log102 (b) log 1045÷log 102
(c) log 102- long 1045 (d) log 102+log 1045

4. Find the characteristic of logarithms of

(i) 4.358 (ii) 432.8
(a) 0, 2 (b) 2, 0 (c) 1, 2 (d) 2, 1

5. Find the characteristic of logarithm of

(i) 0.4358 (ii) 0.004358.
(a) 1, 2 (b) 1, 3 (c) 2, 3 (d) 3, 2

6. Find the value of the following :

(i) log264 (ii) log3243
(i) (a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) None
(ii) (a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) None

7. Evaluate log264-log82.
17 3 13 17
(a) 3 (b) 17 (c) 17 (d) 13

8. If log √7 𝑥 = 16 , then find x.

(a) 78 (b) 87 (c) 77 (d) 88

9. If log 102 = 0.30103, then find the value of log102128

(a) 38.53184 (b) 37.5784 (c) 36.5704 (d) 38.0004

10. The value of log 15- log 12 –log 125 is.

(a) 2 (b) -2 (c) 1 (d) -1

11. If for a positive real number (a≠1), am=b, then the index m is called the logarithm of b to the base a,
then is expressed as
(a) logba=m (b) logma=b (c) logab=m (d) logam=b

12. Formula loga(mnpq………)=logam+logan+logap+logaq+___________ is called

(a) Product formula (b) Quotient formula
(c) Reciprocal formula (d) Power formula
𝑚
13. Formula 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 ( 𝑛 ) = log a 𝑚 − log a 𝑛 is called
 14
(a) Product formula (b) Quotient formula
(c) Reciprocal formula (d) Power formula

14. Formula logba  logab=1 is called

(a) Product formula (b) Quotient formula
(c) Reciprocal formula (d) Power formula

15. Fomula loga(mn)=n logam is called

(a) Product formula (b) Quotient formula
(c) Reciprocal formula (d) Power formula

16. There are two bases of logarithms are generally used i.e. log base e and another is base 10, such logarithms
is known as
(a) Natural logarithms (b) Common logarithms
(c) Reciprocal logarithms (d) (a) and (b)

17. The ___________ of a number to a given base is the index or the power to which the base must be raised
to produce the number
(a) Indices (b) Ratio (c) Proportion (d) Logarithms.

18. In the expression am=b ↔ logab=m where, am=b is called the _________ and logab=m is called the
_______.
(a) logarithmic form, exponential from (b) exponential form, logarithmic form
(c) (a) or (b) (d) none.

19. Logarithm of 1 to ____________ is equal to zero.

(a) base 0 (b) base 1 (c) base e (d) any base.

20. Logarithm of any number to the __________ is 1.

(a) base 0 (b) base 1 (c) Same base (d) any base.

21. Logarithms to base e are called _________ logarithms.

(a) natural (b) common (c) power (d) none.

22. ‘Log’ is an abbreviation of the word ‘logarithm’

(a) True (b) Partly True (c) False (d) None.

23. The logarithm of the product of two number is not equal to the sum of their logarithms.
(a) True (b) Partly True (c) False (d) None.

24. In the formula logba X logab=1, number a & b are negative and equal to 1,
(a) True (b) Partly True (c) False (d) None.

25. Which one is correct

(a) log (m+n)=log m+ lon n (b) log (m – n)=logm – log n
(c) log ba X log a b=1 (d) logmn=(logm)n

26. If logex. Log5e=3, then x is equal to:

(a) 5e3 (b) e5 (c) 125 (d) 243

27. If log4(x2+x) – log4 (x+1)=2, then

(a) x=2 (b) x=4 (c) x=5 (d) x=16.

28. Find the value of Logba. Logcb. Logac

(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) Cannot be simplified.

29. If a, b and c are any three consecutive integers, find the value of log(1+ac) in terms of b
𝑏
(a) log 2b (b) 2 log b (c) log 2 (d) – log b.
 15
30. Find the value of log3(27) 3

(a) 27 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) 81.

31. If log3(log2x)=1, Find the value of x

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 8

32. If antilog of 0.7551=5.690, find the antilog of 3.7551

(a) 5690 (b) 56.90 (c) .5690 (d) 569.0
log10 125
33. What is the value of ?
log10 25
(a) 5 (b) 3/2 (c) 2 (d) 6

34. If log8m + log82=2/3, then what is the value of m?

(a) 1 (b) 3/2 (c) 2 (d) 0

35. If log 2=0.30103, then the value of log 200 is

(a) 13.0103 (b) 3.30103 (c) 1.30103 (d) 2.30103

36. The relation logex+loge(1+x)=0 is equal to

(a) x2 + x + e=0 (b) x2 + x – e=0 (c) x2 +x – 1=0 (d) x2 + x + 1=0.
𝑦
37. If 𝑥 = then m is equal to
(1+𝑎)𝑚
𝑦
log ( 𝑥) 𝑦−𝑥 log 𝑦 𝑦
(a) log (1+𝑎) (b) log(𝑦+𝑎) (c) log[𝑥(𝑦+𝑎)] (d) log (𝑥 ) log(1 + 𝑎).

1
38. log 27 (81) is equal to
3 1 4 4
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) − 3 (d) 3

39. log 144 is equal to

(a) 2 log 4 + 2 log 2 (b) 4 log 2 + 2 log 3
(c) 3 log 2 + 4 log 3 (d) 3 log 2 – 4 log 3
𝑥+𝑦 1 𝑥 𝑦
40. If log = 2 (log 𝑥 + log 𝑦) , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 + 𝑥 =
5
(a) 20 (b) 23 (c) 22 (d) 21.
3𝑥−3𝑦
41. If log(𝑥 + 𝑦) = log ( ) , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 log 𝑥 − log 𝑦 =
2
(a) log 2 (b) log 3 (c) log 5 (d) log 6.

42. If log2x + log4x + log16x=21/4, then x=

(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 16.

43. log 3 10 is equal to

1 10
(a) (b) log103 (c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 ( ) (d) none of these.
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 3 2

44. log 6 + log 5 is expressed as

(a) log 11 (b) log 30 (c) log 5/6 (d) none of these.

45. log28 is equal to

(a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 3 (d) none of these.

46. log 32/4 is equal to

(a) log 32/log4 (b) log 32 – log 4 (c) 23 (d) none of these.

47. log (1X2X3) is equal to

(a) log 1 + log 2 + log 3 (b) log 3 (c) log 2 (d) none of these.
 16
48. The value of log 0.0001 to the base 0.1 is
(a) -4 (b) 4 (c) ¼ (d) none of these.

49. If 2 logx=4 log 3, the x is equal to

(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 2 (d) none of these.

50. log √2 64 is equal to

(a) 12 (b) 6 (c) 1 (d) none of these.

51. log 2√3 1728 is equal to

2
(a) √3 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) none of these.
1
52. log ( ) to the base 9 equal to
81
(a) 2 (b) ½ (c) -2 (d) None

53. Given log2=0.3010 and log3=0.4771 the value of log 6 is

(a) 0.9030 (b) 0.9542 (c) 0.7781 (d) none of these.

54. The value of log22 is

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) none of these.

55. If lob x + log y=log (x+y), y can be expressed as

(a) x-1 (b) x (c) x/x-1 (d) none of these.

56. The value of log2[log2{log3(log3273)}] is equal to

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) none of these.

57. Given that log102=x and log103=y, the value of log1060 is expressed as
(a) x – y + 1 (b) x + y + 1 (c) 2x – y – 1 (d) none of these.

58. Given that log102=x, log103=y, then log 101.2 is expressed in terms of x and y as
(a) x + 2y – 1 (b) x + y – 1 (c) 2x + y – 1 (d) none of these.

59. Given that log x=m + n and log y=m – n, the value of log 10x/y2 is expressed in terms of m and n as
(a) 1 – m + 3n (b) m – 1 + 3n (c) m +3n +a (d) none of these.
4 3
60. The simplified value of log √729 √9−1 . 27−4/3 is
(a) log 3 (b) log 2 (c) log ½ (d) none of these.

61. The value of log825 given log2=0.3010 is

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1.5482 (d) none of these.
1 1 1
62. + + is equal to
logab (𝑎𝑏𝑐) logbc (𝑎𝑏𝑐) logca (𝑎𝑏𝑐)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) -1
1 1 1
63. 1+log + 1+log + 1+log is equal to
a (𝑏𝑐) b (𝑐𝑎) c(𝑎𝑏)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) -1
1 1 1
64. log + log + log is equal to
a/b(𝑥) b/c(𝑥) c/a (𝑥)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) -1

65. logb(a1/2).logc(b3).loga(c2/3) is equal to

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) None

66. The value of alog b/c . b log c/a . c log a/b . is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) None
 17
67. The value of (bc )logb/c .(ca) .(ab)
logc/a log a/b

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) None

𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑛 𝑐𝑛
68. The value of log 𝑏𝑛 + log 𝑐 𝑛 + log 𝑎𝑛 is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) None

69. On solving the equation log t + log (t-3)=1 we get the value of t as
(a) 5 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0

70. If x2a-3y2a=x6-ay5a then the value of a log(x/y) is

(a) 3 log x (b) log x (c) 6 log x (d) 5 log x

Answers Sheet
6-(i)-a
1-a 2-a 3-b 4-a 5-b (ii)-c 7-a 8-a 9-a 10-b
11-c 12-a 13-b 14-c 15-d 16-d 17-d 18-b 19-d 20-c
21-a 22-a 23-c 24-c 25-c 26-c 27-d 28-c 29-b 30-b
31-d 32-a 33-b 34-c 35-d 36-c 37-a 38-c 39-b 40-b
41-c 42-a 43-a 44-b 45-c 46-b 47-a 48-b 49-b 50-a
51-c 52-c 53-c 54-c 55-c 56-c 57-b 58-c 59-a 60-a
61-c 62-c 63-b 64-a 65-b 66-b 67-b 68-a 69-a 70-a
 18
EQUATION
EQUATION :- If is difined to be mathematical statement of equality.
ROOTS OF EQUATION - Determination of Values of the variable involved which satisfies as equation is
called solutions or root of the equation.
Types of equations:- (1) Equation with highest power of 1 is called linear equation or simple equation in
one degree. (example - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0)
(2) Equation with two degree is called quardratic equation. Std. form is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 having two
roots.
(3) Equation with three degree is called cubic equation. Standard form in 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 = 0
having three roots.

Methods of Solution –
(a) Elimination Method – In this method two given linear equations are reduced to a linear
equation in one unknown by eliminating one of the unknowns and then solving for the other
unknown.
(b) Substitution Method – Value of one variable is substituted in other equation to make other
equation in one variable.
(c) Cross Multiplication Method – Let two equations be:
a1𝑥 + b1 y + c1 = 0

a 2 𝑥 + b 2 𝑦 + c2 = 0

We write the coefficients of 𝑥, 𝑦 and constant terms and two more columns by repeating the coefficients of 𝑥 and 𝑦
as follows:

1 2 3 4
b1 c1 a1 b1

b2 c2 a2 b2
𝑥 𝑦 1
And the result is given by: = (c = (a
a1b1−a2b1 1a2 −c2a1) 1b2−a2b1)

b1c2−b2c1 c a −c a
So the solution is : 𝑥 = 𝑦 = a 1b2−a2 b1 .
a1b2−a2b1 1 2 2 1

Example (1): Solve : 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 9 and 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5.

• Roots of quadratic equations

−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
X=
2𝑎
𝑏
• Sum of the roots (𝛼 + 𝛽) = −
𝑎
𝑐
• Product of the roots (𝛼𝛽) = 𝑎
• Formation of eqardratic equation
x2 – (Sum of roots)x+ Product of roots=0
Example (2) Without solving equation, find the sum & product of roots of equation : 3x 2+7x+3=0
Sol. Let the ruts be 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽
−𝑏 −7
Sum of the roots 𝛼 + 𝛽 = =
𝑎 3
𝑐 3
Product of the roots (𝛼 𝛽) = 𝑎 = 3 = 1
−7
=> 𝛼 + 𝛽 = & 𝛼𝛽 = 1 {solve simuterioush}
3
 19
Nature of roots :- ∆ = b -4ac is called discriminant
2

Case (1) ∆ =0, then roots are real & equal

Case (2) ∆ >0, then roots are real, unequal.
Case (3) ∆ <0, then roots are unequal & imaginary
Case (4) ∆ = Perfect square, then roots are real rational & unequal.
1
• If one root is reciprocal of other i.e. (𝛼. 𝛼 ) then c=a

Example (3) if one root of 5𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 𝑝 = 0 be reciprocal of other then find the value of P.
Sol. c =a => P=5

• If both roots are equal & opposite in signs then b=0

Example (4) The equation 𝑥 2 − (𝑝 + 4)𝑥 + 2𝑝 + 5 = 0 has equal roots then find the value of P.
Sol. ∆= 0 => [−(P + 4)]2 − 4X1X(2P + 5) = 0
Solve for P.
• Irrational roots accures in pair always. If one root is 𝑝 + √𝑞 then when is 𝑝 − √𝑞

Example (5) If one root of a equation is 2 − √5 then find equation

Sol. If one root is 2 + √5. As irrational roots occurs in pair.
x2 – (Sum of roots)x + (Product of roots) = 0
x2 – (2 + √5 + 2 − √5)𝑥 + (2 + √5)(2 − √5) = 0
 X2 – 4𝑥 – 1 = 0

Roots of cubic equations- Equation of three degree is called cubic equation Solution of Cubic equation –
On trial basis putting some value of 𝑥 to check whether L.H.S. is zero. Then get a factor. This is trial &
error method.
Example (6) Solve 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 6 = 0
Sol. Putting 𝑥 = 1, L.H.S is zero. So (𝑥 – 1) is a factor. We write 𝑥 3 – 7𝑥 + 6 = 0 in such a ways that (x
– 1) becomes a factor.
𝑥 2 (𝑥 – 1) + 𝑥(𝑥 – 1) – 6(𝑥 – 1) = 0
(𝑥 – 1)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 – 6) = 0 => (𝑥 – 1)(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 – 2𝑥 – 6) = 0
(𝑥 – 1)(𝑥 – 2)(𝑥 + 3) = 0 => 𝑥 = 1, 2, −3
 20
Practice Questions

1. Solve the following equation

3 – 4x = 2x + 25
(a) -11/3 (b) 11/3 (c) 3/11 (d) -3/11

2. Solve the following equation

3𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 1
− 3 = 6 + 1 2.
5
(a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 14 (d) 13

3. Solve: the following simultaneous linear equations.

2x + 7y = 30
X – 3y = 2.
(a) (8, 2) (b) (2, 8) (c) (1, 8) (d) (8, 1)

4. If a number of which the half is greater than 1/5th of the number by 15 then the number is
(a) 50 (b) 40 (c) 80 (d) None.

5. Solve : 14x – 3y =54, 21x – 8y = 95.

(a) (3, -4) (b) (4, -3) (c) (3, 4) (d) (-3, -4)

6. The sum of two numbers is 52 and their difference is 2. The numbers are
(a) 17 and 15 (b) 12 and 10 (c) 27 and 25 (d) none of these

7. The diagonal of a rectangle is 5cm and one of at sides is 4cm. its area is
(a) 20sq.cm. (b) 12sq.cm. (c) 10sq.cm. (d) none of these

8. Divide 56 into two parts such that three times the first part exceeds one – third of the second by 48. The
parts are
(a) (20, 36) (b) (25, 31) (c) (24, 32) (d) none of these

9. The fourth part of a number exceeds the sixth part by 4. The number is
(a) 84 (b) 44 (c) 48 (d) none of these

10. Ten years ago the age of father was four times of his son. Ten years hence the age of the father will be
twice that of his son. The present ages of the father and the son are.
(a) (50, 20) (b) (60, 20) (c) (55, 25) (d) none of these

11. The product of two numbers is 3200 and the quotient when the larger number is divided by the smaller
is 2. The numbers are
(a) (16,200) (b) (16,020) (c) (60,30) (d) (80,40)

12. The denominator of a fraction exceeds the numerator by 2. If 5 be added to the numerator the fraction
increases by unity. The fraction is.
(a) 5/7 (b) 1/3 (c) 7/9 (d) 3/5

13. Three persons Mr. Roy Mr. Paul and Mr. Singh together have Rs. 51. Mr. Paul has R. 4 less than Mr. Roy
and Mr. Singh has got Rs. 5 less of Mr. Roy. They have the money as
(a) (Rs. 20 Rs. 16 Rs. 15) (b) (Rs. 15 Rs. 20 Rs. 16)
(c) (Rs. 25 Rs. 11 Rs. 15) (d) none of these

14. A number consists of two digits. The digits in the ten’s place is 3 times the digit in the unit’s place. If 54
is subtracted from the number the digits are reversed. The number is
(a) 39 (b) 92 (c) 93 (d) 94

15. One student is asked to divide a half of a number by 6 and other half by 4 and then to add the two
quantities. Instead of doing so the student divides the given number by 5. If the answer is 4 short of the
correct answer then the actual answer is
(a) 320 (b) 400 (c) 480 (d) none of these
 21
16. Solve x – 2x – 15 = 0
2

(a) (5, - 3) (b) (- 3, 8) (c) (- 5, - 3) (d) (5, 3)

17. Solve : 6x2 + x – 1 = 0

(a) (1/2, 1/3) (b) (-1/2, 1/3) (c) (-1/3, ½) (d) (-1/3, -1/2)

18. Some x2 – 5x + 6 = 0
(a) 2 or 3 (b) - 3 or 2 (c) – 2 or – 3 (d) None

19. Solve x2 – 11x + 30 = 0

(a) 6 or 5 (b) 5 or – 6 (c) – 5 or 6 (d) None

20. Monthly incomes of two persons are in the ratio 4 : 5 and their monthly expenses are in the ratio 7 : 9.
If each saves Rs. 50 per month find their monthly incomes.
(a) (500, 400) (b) (400, 500) (c) (300, 600) (d) (350, 550)

21. Find the fraction which is equal to ½ when both its numerator and denominator are increased by 2. It is
equal to ¾ when both are increased by 12.
(a) 3/8 (b) 5/8 (c) 2/3

22. A number between 10 and 100 is five times the sum of its digits. If 9 be added to it the digits are reversed
find the number.
(a) 54 (b) 53 (c) 45 (d) 55

23. The wages of 8 men and 6 boys amount to Rs. 33. If 4 men earn Rs. 4.50 more than 5 boys determine
the wages of each man and boy.
(a) (Rs. 1.50 Rs. 3) (b) (Rs. 3 Rs. 1.50) (c) (Rs. 2.50 Rs. 2) (d) (Rs. 2 Rs. 2.50)

24. A number consisting of two digits is four times the sum of its digits and if 27 be added to it the digits are
reversed. The number is:
(a) 63 (b) 35 (c) 36 (d) 60

25. Of two numbers 1/5th of the greater is equal to 1/3rd of the smaller and their sum is 16. The numbers are:
(a) (6 10) (b) (9 7) (c) (12 4) (d) (11 5)

26. Y is older than x by 7 years 15 years back X’s age was 3/4th of Y’s age. Their present ages are
(a) (X=36 Y=43) (b) (X=50 Y=43) (c) (X=43 Y=50) (d) (X=40 Y=47)

27. Two numbers are such that twice the greater number exceeds twice the smalls one by 18 and 1/3 of the
smaller and 1/5 of the greater number are together 21. The number are:
(a) (3 , 45) (b) (45, 36) (c) (50, 41) (d) (55, 46)

28. If the roots of the equation 2x2 + 8x – m3 = 0 are equal then value of m is
(a) – 3 (b) – 1 (c) 1 (d) – 2

29. If 22x + 3-32.2x + 1 = 0 then values of x are

(a) 0, 1 (b) 0, 12 (c) 0, 3 (d) 0, – 3
1
30. The values of 4 + 4
4+ 1
4+4+⋯……..∞

(a) 1 ± √2 (b)2 ± √5 (c) 2 ± √3 (d) none of these

31. If 𝛼 𝛽 be the roots of the equation 2x2 – 4x – 3 = 0

The value of 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 is
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 3 (d) – 4

32. The equation x2 – (p+4)x + 2p + 5 = 0 has equal roots the values of p will be.
(a) ±1 (b) 2 (c) ±2 (d) – 2
 22
33. The roots of the equation x + (2p – 1)x + p = 0 are real if.
2 2

(a) p ≥1 (b) p≤4 (c) p≥ ¼ (d) p ≤ ¼

34. If x = m is one of the solutions of the equation 2x2 + 5x – m = 0 the possible values of m are
(a) (0 2) (b) (0 – 2) (c) (0 1) (d) (1 – 1)

35. If p and q are the roots of x2 + x + 1 = 0 then the values of p3 + q3 becomes

(a) 2 (b) – 2 (c) 4 (d) – 4

36. If one root of 5x2 + 13x + p = 0 be reciprocal of the other then the value of p is
(a) – 5 (b) 5 (c) 1/5 (d) – 1/5

37. The sum of two numbers is 8 and the sum of their squares is 34. Taking one number as form an equation
in x and hence find the numbers. The numbers are
(a) (7, 10) (b) (4, 4) (c) (3, 5) (d) (2, 6)

38. The difference of two positive integers is 3 and the sum of their squares is 89. Taking the smaller integer
as x form a quadratic equation and solve it to find the integers. The integers are.
(a) (7, 4) (b) (5, 8) (c) (3, 6) (d) (2, 5)

39. Five times of a positive whole number is 3 less than twice the square of the number. The number is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) – 3 (d) 2

40. The area of a rectangular field is 2000 sqm. and its perimeter is 180m. Form a quadratic equation by
taking the length of the field as x and solve it to find the length and breadth of the field. The length and
breadth are
(a) (250m, 80m) (b) (60m, 40m) (c) (40m, 50m) (d) none

41. Two squares have sides p cm and (p+5)cms. The sum of their squares is 625 sq. cm. The sides of the
squares are
(a) (10cm, 30cm) (b) (12cm, 25cm) (c) 15cm, 20cm) (d) none of these

42. Divide 50 into two parts such that the sum of their reciprocals is 1/12. The numbers are
(a) (24, 26) (b) (28, 22) (c) (27, 23) (d) (20, 30)

43. There are two consecutive numbers such that the difference of their reciprocals is 1/240. The numbers
are
(a) (15, 16) (b) (17, 18) (c) (13, 14) (d) (12, 13)

44. The hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is 20cm. The difference between its other two sides be 4cm.
The sides are
(a) (11cm, 15cm) (b) (12cm, 16cm) (c) (20, 24) (d) none of these

45. The sum of two numbers is 45 and the mean proportional between them is 18. The numbers are
(a) (15, 30) (b) (32, 13) (c) (36, 9) (d) (25, 20)

46. The sides of an equilateral triangle are shortened by 12 units 13 units and 14 units respectively and a right
angle triangle is formed. The side of the equilateral triangle is
(a) 17 units (b) 16 units (c) 15 units (d) 18 units

47. A distributor of apple Juice has 5000 bottle in the store that it wishes to distribute in a month. From
experience it is known that demand D (in number of bottles) is (given by D = - 2000p2 + 2000p +
17000). The price per bottle that will result zero inventory is
(a) Rs. 3 (B) Rs. 5 (c) Rs. 2 (d) None of these

48. The solution of the cubic equation x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6 = 0 is given by the triplet:
(a) (- 1, 1, – 2) (b) (1, 2, 3) (c) (- 2, 2, 3) (d) (0, 4, – 5)

49. The cubic equation x3 + 2x2 – x – 2 = 0 has 3 roots namely.

(a) (1, – 1, 2) (b) (- 1, 1, – 2) (c) (- 1, 0, – 2) (d) (1, 2, 2)
 23
50. Let f(x) = ax + bx + c. Then match the following List I and List II
2

List I List II
(a) Product of the roots (1) – b/a
(b) Roots of f(x) = 0 are real and distinct. (2) b2 – 4ac = 0
(c) Roots of f(x) = 0 are real and identical (3) b2 – 4ac >0
(d) Sum of roots of
f(x) = 0 (4) c/a
The correct match is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 3 4 1 2
(B) 4 3 2 1
(c) 2 3 1 2
(d) None of these.

51. The total cost curve of the number of copies of a particular photograph is linear. The total cost of 5 and
8 copies of a photograph are Rs. 80 and Rs. 116 respectively. The total cost for 10 copies of the
photograph will be
(a) Rs. 100 (b) Rs. 120 (c) Rs. 130 (d) Rs. 140

𝑥 1−𝑥
52. Solving equation 7√1−𝑥 + 8√ = 15 following roots are obtained
𝑥
49 64 1 1 49 1 1 64
(a) 50 , 65 (b) , (c) 50 , 65 (d) 2 , 113
50 65

53. Solving equation 𝑧 + √𝑧 = 6/25 the value of z works out to

(a) 1/5 (b) 2/5 (c) 1/25 (d) 2/25

54. Solving equation z10 – 33z5 + 32 = 0 the following values of z are obtained
(a) 1, 2 (b) 2, 3 (c) 2, 4 (d) 1, 2, 3

55. The condition that one of the roots of ax2 + bx +c =0 is twice the other is
(a) b2 = 4ca (b) 2b2 = 9(c + a) (c) 2b2 = 9ca (d) 2b2 = 9(c – a)

56. A factory produces 300 units and 900 units at a total cost of Rs. 6800/- and Rs. 10400/- respectively.
The linear equation of the total cost line is
(a) y = 6x + 1,000 (b) y = 5x +5,000 (c) y = 6x + 5,000 (d) None

57. If an investment of Rs. 1000 and Rs. 100 yield an income of Rs. 90 Rs. 20 respectively for earning Rs. 50
investment of Rs. _________ will be required.
(a) less than Rs. 500 (b) over Rs. 500 (c) Rs. 485 (d) Rs. 486

58. If the product of roots of equation x2 – 3x + k = 10 is – 2, then value of K is

(a) 8 (b) – 8 (c) – 7 (d) = 10
Answers Sheet
1-a 2-a 3-a 4-a 5-a 6-c 7-b 8-a 9-c 10-a
11-d 12-d 13-a 14-c 15-c 16-a 17-b 18-a 19-a 20-b
21-a 22-c 23-b 24-c 25-a 26-a 27-b 28-d 29-d 30-b
31-b 32-c 33-d 34-b 35-a 36-b 37-c 38-b 39-a 40-c
41-c 42-d 43-a 44-b 45-c 46-a 47-a 48-b 49-b 50-b
51-d 52-d 53-c 54-a 55-c 56-c 57-d 58-a
 24
LINEAR INEQUALITIES
1. Inequality or inequation?
Inequalities or inequations are statements which shows an unequal relationship between any two or more given
quantities For e.g. x + 5≤9, x + 2y≥5.

2. An inequality or inequation in one variable.

An inequation of the form ax + b>0 or ax +b <0 or ax + b≥0 or ax + b≤0 is known as inequation in one variable

3. Inequality or inequation in two variables?

An inequation which can be written in one of the forms:-
ax + by + c>0, ax + by + c<0
ax + by + c≥0, ax + by + c≤0
where a ≠0 and b ≠ 0 is called a linear inequations in two variable x and y

4. How is a linear inequation solved graphically?

The graphical solution of an inequation of the form ax + by +c≥0 or ax + by c ≤0 involves the following steps:-
1. At first we replace the inequality sign ‘≤’ or ‘≥’ by equality to get the equation ax + by=c, which represents a
straight line in xy-plane.
2. Then we draw the graph of the straight line ax + by=c. this is done by finding any two points on the line and
drawing a straight line through them. For convenience, we choose the two points so that each is on an axis,
i.e. we put y=0 in the equation to get the point, where the line meets the X-axis and put x=0 in the equation
to obtain a point, where the line meets the y-axis.
3. If the inequality is ‘≤’ or ‘≥’ the points on this line are included and the line drawn is thick.
4. If the inequality is ‘<’ or ‘>’ the points on the line are excluded and the line drawn is dotted.
5. The line divides the XOY plane in two half-planes or regions. In order to determines which region satisfies the
inequation:-
(i) We select an arbitrary point and plot it. It will be in either of the regions.
(ii) If the point satisfies the given inequation, the region where the point lies is the desired region.
(iii) If the point does not satisfy the given inequation, the other region is the desired region.
(iv) Shade the relevant region.
Ex, Solve graphically :
3x + 4y ≥12, x ≥ 1, y ≥2.

Solution :
(i) The Graph of 3x + 4y=12 is the line AB which passes through A(0,3) and B(4,0). The graph of x=1
is a line a parallel to y-axis and the graph of y=2 is a line parallel to x-axis.

(ii) Putting x=0. Y=0 in 3x + 4y≥12, we get 0≥12, which is false. Hence, the solution set of 3x + 4y≥12
is the non-origin side of the line including the points on AB.

(iii) X≥1 represents the region on the right side of the line x=1 including the points on the line x=1 and
y≥2 represents the region on and above the line y=2.
The common region is the shaded region. Any point in this region is the required solution of
the system of linear inequations.
 25
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Statements which shows an unequal relationship between any two or more given quantities is called as
(a) Equation (b) Inequation (c) Linear equation (d) Quadratic equation.
2. An inequation of the form ax + b≥0 or ax +b≤0 is known as
(a) Inequation in one variable (b) Inequation in two variable
(c) Inequation in two constants (d) Inequation in one variable and 2 constants.
3. Two or more inequations in two variables taken together is called as
(a) System of linear inequaiton in two variables. (b) System of linear equation in two variables.
(c) System of quadratic equation in two variables (d) System of quadratic inequation in two variables.
4. Inequalities are statements which shows an ________ relationship between any two or more given quantities.
(a) direct (b) unequal (c) circular (d) indirect.

5. An inequation of the form ax + b≥0 is known as inequation in one ____________.

(a) Constant (b) Real Number (c) Variable (d) Dependent.
6. The system of inequation x≥0, y≥0 represent the ____________ quadrant.
(a) First (b) Third (c) Second (d) Fourth.
7. The system of inequation x≤0, y≥0 represents the _________ quadrant.
(a) First (b) Third (c) Second (d) Fourth.
8. The system of inequation x≤0, y≤0 represents the ________ quadrant.
(a) First (b) Third (c) Second (d) Fourth.
9. The system of inequation x≥0, y≤0 represents the ________ quadrant.
(a) First (b) Third (c) Second (d) Fourth.
10. If a>0 and b<0, it follows that
1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) 𝑎 > 𝑏 (b) 𝑎 < 𝑏 (c) 𝑎 = 𝑏 (d) None of them.

11. Solution of 3(x-2)>4x-3 is

(a) x>3 (b) x<-3 (c) x<3 (d) x>-3
12. If x<y and a<b then
(a) a + x<b + y (b) a – x<b – y (c) ax<by (d) all of them
13. n the inequality 4x + 3<2x + 5, all of the following may be a value of x except
(a) -2 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) 1

14. Solution of real x of √6𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ≥0 is

(a) x≥6 (b) 0<x<6 (c) 0 ≤ x ≤ 6 (d) x>6.
15. Graph can be employed to decide a common region by linear inequalities only when the maximum number of
variables are
(a)1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
16. The graph of x≥3 is

(a) (b) (c) (d) None.

 26
17. The graph of y<5 is

(a) (b) (c) (d)

18. The Common region of x +y ≤5, x + y≥3, x≥0, y≥0 is

(a) (b) (c) (d) None of them.

19. The common region by the inequalities x-y≤2, x+y≤6, x≥0, y≥0 is

(a) (b) (c) (d) None of them.

20. The common region of x≤4, y≤3, x + 2y≤6, x≥0, y≥0 is

(a) (b) (c) (d) None of them.

21. The shaded region represents

(a) x + 2y ≤10
(b) x +2y <10
(C) x + 2y >10
(d) x+ 2y ≥10.
 27
22. The shaded region represents
(a) X – 2y + 4<0
(b) (b) x – 2y + 4≤0
(c) (c) x – 2y + 4>0
(d) (d) x – 2y + 4≥0.

23. The shaded region represents

(a) 2x + 3y>6
(b) 2x + 3y≥6
(c) 2x + 3y<6
(d) 2x + 3y≤6

24. The shaded region represents

(a) 2x – y<5
(b) 2x – y≤5
(c) 2x – y >5
(d) 2x – y ≥5

25. The shaded region represents

(a) 3x + 4y≥12
(b) 3x + 4y>12
(c) 3x + 4y≤12
(d) 3x + 4y<12

26. The shaded region represents

(a) x>1
(b) x≥1
(c) x<1
(d) x≤1
 28
27. The shaded region represents
(a) x≤ - 3
(b) x< - 3
(c) x≥ - 3
(d) x> - 3

28. The shaded region represents

(a) y< - 3
(b) y≤ - 3
(c) y> - 3
(d) y≥ - 3.

29. The Shaded region represents

(a) x +y>0
(b) x ≥0
(c) x + y <0
(d) x + y≤0

30. The Shaded region represents

(a) -3x + 2y ≥ 6
(b) -3x + 2y > 6
(c) -3x + 2y ≤ 6
(d) -3x + 2y < 6

31. The Shaded region represents

(a) x > 8 – 4y
(b) x ≤ 8 – 4y
(c) x < 8 – 4y
(d) x ≥ 8 – 4y
 29
32. The Shaded region represents (a) 3y – 5x ≤ 30
(b) 3y – 5x < 30
(c) 3y – 5x > 30
(d) 3y – 5x ≥ 30

33. The Shaded region represents

(a) x – y ≤ 2, x + 2y ≤ 8, x, y≥0
(b) x – y ≥2, x + 2y ≤ 8, x, y ≥0
(c) x – y ≤2, x + 2y ≥ 8, x, y≥0
(d) None of these.

34. The Shaded region represents

(a) 4x + 3y ≥ 12, 4x – 5y ≤ - 20
(b) 4x + 3y > 12, 4x – 5y< -20
(c) 4x + 3y ≥ 12, 4x – 5y ≥ - 20
(d) None of these.

35. The Shaded region represents

(a) x+ y ≤ 5, x ≥2, y ≤ 1
(b) x +y ≤ 5, x ≥ 2, y≥ 1
(c) x + y ≥ 5, x ≥ 2, y ≥ 1
(d) none of these.

36. On solving the inequalities 6x + y ≥ 18, x + 4y ≥ 12, 2x + y ≥ 10, we get the following situation
(a) (0, 18), (12, 0), (4, 2) and (7, 6) (b) (3, 0), (0, 3), (4, 2) and (7, 6)
(c) (5, 0), (0, 10), (4, 2) and (7, 6) (d) (0, 18), (12, 0), (4, 2), (0,0) and (7, 6)
 30
37. The Shaded region represents
(a) 3x + 5y ≤ 15, 5x + 2y ≥10, x, y ≥ 0
(b) 3x + 5y ≤ 15, 5x + 2y ≤10, x, y ≥ 0
(c) 3x + 5y ≥ 15, 5x + 2y ≥10, x, y ≥ 0
(d) none of these.

38. The Shaded region represents

(a) x + y < 6, 7x + 4y ≤ 28, x, y ≥0
(b) x + y < 6, 7x 4y ≥ 28, x, y ≥0
(c) x + y > 6, 7x + 4y ≥ 28, x, y ≥ 0
(d) none of these

39. The Shaded region represents

(a) 3x + 2y ≤ 24, x + 2y ≥ 16, x + y ≤ 10, x, y ≥ 0
(b) 3x + 2y ≤ 24, x + 2y ≤ 16, x + y ≥10, x, y ≥ 0
(c) 3x + 2y ≤ 24, x + 2y ≤16, x + y ≤ 10, x, y≥ 0
(d) none of these.

40. Solution space of the inequalities 2x + y ≤ 10 and x – y ≤ 5

(i) Includes the origin (ii) includes the point (4, 3)
Which one is correct?
(a) only (i) (b) Only (ii) (c) Both (i) and (ii) (d) None of these
 31
41. Graphs of Inequations are drawn below :
L1 : 5x + 3y = 30; L2 : x + y = 9; L3 : y = x/3, L4 : y = x/2.

(a) 5x + 3y ≤ 30 (b) 5x + 3y ≥ 30 (c) 5x + 3y ≥ 30 (d) 5x + 3y > 30

x+y≤9 x+y≤9 x+y≥9 x+y<9
y ≤ 1/5 x y ≥ x/3 y ≤ x/3 y≥9
y ≤ x/2 y ≤ x/2 y ≥ x/2 y ≤ x/2
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

The common region (shaded part) shown in the diagram refers to the inequalities:
42. A scooter company manufactures scooters of two models A and B. Model A requires 15man-hours for assembly. 5
man-hours for painting and finishing and 1 man-hour for checking and testing. Model B requires 6 man-hours for
assembly, 4 man-hours for painting and finishing and 2 man-hours for checking and testing. There are 300 man-
hours available in the assembly shop, 120 man-hours in painting and finishing shop and 50 man-hours are available
in checking and testing division.
The constraints can be formulated by taking x = number of scooters of model A; and y = number of scooters of
model B as:
(a) 15x + 6y ≤ 300 (b) 15x + 6y ≥ 300 (c) 15x + 16y ≤ 300 (d) none of these
X + 2y ≤ 50 x + 2y ≤ 50 x + 2y ≤ 50
5x + 4y ≤ 120 5x + 4y ≤ 120 5x + 4y ≥ 120
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
43. A man makes two types of furniture : chairs and tables. Profits are Rs. 20 per chair and Rs. 30 per table. Both the
products are processed on two machines M1 and M2. The time required for each product in hours and total time
available in hours for each machine are as follows :
Machine Chair Table Available Time
M1 3 3 36
M2 5 2 50
Constraints can be formulated by taking x = the number of chairs and y = the number of tables produced as :
(a) x + y ≤ 12 (b) x + y ≤ 12 (c) x + y ≥ 12 (d) None of these
5x + 2y ≥ 50 5x + 2y ≤ 50 5x + 2y ≤ 50
x ≥ 0; y ≥ 0 x ≥ 0; y ≥ 0 x ≥ 0; y ≥ 0

44. A factory manufactures two articles X and Y. To manufacture article X, a certain machine has to be worked for 1.5
hours and in addition, a craftsman has to work for 2 hours. To manufacture the article Y, the machine has to be
worked for 2.5 hours and in addition, the craftsman has to work for 1.5 hours. In a week, the factory can avail of
80 hours of machine and 70 hours of the craftsman’s time. Let x units of article X and y units of article Y be
produced, then the constrains are:
(a) 1.5x + 2.5 y ≥ 80 (b) 1.5x + 2.5 y ≤ 80 (c) 1.5x + 2.5 y ≤ 80 (d) none of these
2x + 1.5y ≤ 70 2x + 1.5y ≤ 70 2x + 1.5y ≥ 70
x ≥ 0; y ≥ 0 x ≥ 0; y ≥ 0 x ≥ 0; y ≥ 0
45. Suppose a man need a minimum of 50 units of carbohydrate, 40 units of proteins per month for good health. He
is taking food at two places, viz., A and B, food at A contains 4 and 5 units of carbohydrates and proteins
respectively. Food at B contains 1 unit of carbohydrate and 3 units of proteins respectively. Express this in the form
of a linear inequalities assuming the man is keeping good health. Also solve it graphically.
[Hint. Let x1 and x2 represents carbohydrates and proteins respectively. Then the mathematical inequalitites are:]
(a) 4x1 + x2 ≥ 50 (b) 4x1 + x2 ≥ 50 (c) 4x1 + x2 ≤ 50 (d) None of these
5x1 + 3x2 ≥ 40 5x1 + 3x2 ≤ 40 5x1 + 3x2 ≥ 40
x1 ≥ 0; x2 ≥ 0 x1 ≥ 0; x2 ≥ 0 x1 ≥ 0; x2 ≥ 0
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46. A dietitian wishes to mix together two kinds of food so that the vitamin contents of the mixture is at least 9 units
of vitamin A, 7 units of vitamin B, 10 units of vitamin C and 12 units of vitamin D. The vitamin content per Kg. of
each food is shown below:
A B C D
Food I: 2 1 1 2
Food II: 1 1 2 3
Assuming x units of food I is to be mixed with y units of food II the situation can be expressed as
(a) 2x + y ≤ 9 (b) 2x + y ≥ 30 (c) 2x + y ≥ 9 (d) 2x + y ≥ 9
x+y≤7 x+y≤7 x+y≥7 x+y≥7
x + 2y ≤ 10 x + 2y ≥ 10 x + 2y ≤ 10 x + 2y ≥ 10
2x + 3y ≤ 12 2x + 3y ≥ 12 2x + 3y ≤ 12 2x + 3y ≥ 12
x ≥ 0; y ≥ 0 x ≥ 0; y ≥ 0 x ≥ 0; y ≥ 0 x ≥ 0; y ≥ 0
1 7
47. if |𝑥 + 4| > 4, then
−3 3 3
(a) 𝑥 < 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 2 (b) 𝑥 < −2 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 2 (c) −2 < 𝑥 < 2 (d) None of these
2

48. Vitamins A and B are found in food F1 and F2. One unit of F1 contains 20 units of vitamin A and 30 units of vitamin
B. One unit of food F2 contains 60 units of A and 40 units of B. Costs per unit of F1 and F2 are Rs. 3 and Rs. 4
respectively. The minimum daily requirement of vitamin A and B is 80 and 100 units respectively. Problem is to
determine the mixture of food F1 and F2, which meets the requirement at minimum cost by assuming that x1 unit
of food F1 and x2 units of food F2 are required to fulfill the need of vitamins. The constraints are:
(a) 20x1 + 60x2 ≥ 80 (b) 20x1 + 60x2 ≤ 80 (c) 20x1 + 60x2 ≥ 80 (d) None of these
30x1 + 40x2 ≥ 100 30x1 + 40x2 ≥ 100 30x1 + 40x2 ≤ 100
x1 ≥ 0; x2 ≥ 0 x1 ≥ 0; x2 ≥ 0 x1 ≥ 0; x2 ≥ 0

49. The solution of the inequalities

5−2𝑥 𝑥
≤ 6 − 5 is
3
(a) x ≥ 8 (b) 𝑥 ≤ 8 (c) 𝑥 = 8 (d) None of these

Answers Sheet
1-b 2-a 3-a 4-b 5-c 6-a 7-c 8-b 9-d 10-a 11-b 12-d 13-d 14-c 15-b 16-b 17-c 18-a 19-a 20-a
21-a 22-b 23-d 24-d 25-a 26-b 27-b 28-a 29-d 30-a 31-b 32-a 33-a 34-c 35-b 36-a 37-b 38-a 39-c 40-a
41-b 42-a 43-b 44-b 45-a 46-d 47-b 48-a 49-a