Ratio, Proportion, and

Percent
Presented by:
John Darryl M. Genio
Bocobo #3
Write ratios.
A ratio is a comparison of two quantities using a quotient.

Ratio
The ratio of the number a to the number b (b ≠ 0) is written
a
atob, a : b, or .
b

The last way of writing a ratio is most common in algebra.

Slide 2.6-4
CLASSROOM
Writing Word Phrases as Ratios
EXAMPLE 1
Write a ratio for each word phrase.

3 days to 2 weeks

Solution:

3days 3days 3
2weeks  7days  14days  
weeks 14days 14
12 hr to 4 days

hours 12hours 1
4days  24hours  96hours  
4days 96hours 8

Slide 2.6-5
CLASSROOM
Finding Price per Unit
EXAMPLE 2
A supermarket charges the following prices for pancake syrup. Which
size is the best buy? What is the unit cost for that size?

Solution:
$3.89
 $0.108
36
$2.79
 $0.116
24
$1.89
 $0.158
12
The 36 oz. size is the best buy. The
unit price is $0.108 per oz.

Slide 2.6-6
Solve proportions.
A ratio is used to compare two numbers or amounts. A proportion says
that two ratios are equal, so it is a special type of equation. For example,

3 15

4 20
3 15
is a proportion which says that the ratios and are equal.
4 20
In the proportion
a c
b ,d  0 ,
bda, b, c, and d are the terms of the
proportion. The terms a and d are called the extremes, and the terms b
and c are called the means. We read the proportions as “a is to b
as c is to d.” a  c
b d
Slide 2.6-8
Solve proportions. (cont’d)
Beginning with this proportion and multiplying each side by the
common denominator, bd, gives

a c ac
 b
d    b
d ad  bc.
b d bd
We can also find the products ad and bc by multiplying diagonally.

bc
a c

b d
ad

For this reason, ad and bc are called cross products.

Slide 2.6-9
Solve proportions. (cont’d)

Cross Products
a c
If  , then the cross products ad and bc are equal—that is, the
b d
product of the extremes equals the product of the means.

a c
Also, if a d  b c ,then   where b, d  0  .
b d

a b
If  ,then ad = cb, or ad = bc. This means that the two proportions
c d
are equivalent, and the proportion

a c a b
 can also be written as c,d.
0
b d c d

Sometimes one form is more convenient to work with than the other.
Slide 2.6-10
CLASSROOM
Deciding Whether Proportions Are True
EXAMPLE 3
Decide whether the proportion is true or false.

15  62  930 Solution: False

17  91  1547 Solution: True

Slide 2.6-11
CLASSROOM
Finding an Unknown in a Proportion
EXAMPLE 4
x 35
Solve the proportion  .
6 42
Solution:
x  42  6  35
42 x 210

42 42
x5
The solution set is {5}.

The cross-product method cannot be used directly if there is more than

Slide 2.6-12
CLASSROOM
Solving an Equation by Using Cross Products
EXAMPLE 5
x6 2
Solve  .
2 5
Solution:
 x  6  5  2  2
5 x  30  30  4  30
5 x 26

5 5
26
x
5
 26
The solution set is  .
 5
When you set cross products equal to each other, you are really multiplying
each ratio in the proportion by a common denominator.

Slide 2.6-13
Objective 3

Solve applied problems by using

Slide 2.6-14
CLASSROOM
Applying Proportions
EXAMPLE 6
Twelve gallons of diesel fuel costs $37.68. How much would 16.5 gal of
the same fuel cost?

Solution:
Let x = the price of 16.5 gal of fuel.

$37.68 x

12 gal 16.5 gal
12 x 621.72

12 12
x  51.81
16.5 gal of diesel fuel costs $51.81.
Slide 2.6-15
Objective 4

Find percents and percentages.

Slide 2.6-16
Write ratios.
A percent is a ratio where the second number is always 100.

Since the word percent means “per 100,” one percent means
“one per one hundred.”
1
1%  0.01, or 1%
100

Slide 2.6-17
CLASSROOM
Converting Between Decimals and Percents
EXAMPLE 7
Convert.

310% to a decimal
Solution:
3.1
8% to a decimal

.08

0.685 to a percent

68.5%

Slide 2.6-18
 CLASSROOM
Solving Percent Equations
EXAMPLE 8
Solve each problem.

What is 6% of 80?
Solution:

x  .06  80 x  4.8
16% of what number is 12?

1200
.16 x  1200 x x  75
16
What percent of 75 is 90?

9000
9000  x  75 x x  1.2 or 120%
75
Slide 2.6-19
CLASSROOM
Solving Applied Percent Problems
EXAMPLE 9
Mark scored 34 points on a test, which was 85% of the possible points.
How many possible points were on the test?

Solution:
Let x = the number of possible points on the test.

34 85

x 100
3400 85 x

85 85
x  40

There were 40 possible points on the test.