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    DECS_TUTORIAL 3_Solns

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    anilm130484me
    dgDdfdad

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    DECS_TUTORIAL 3_Solns

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    anilm130484me
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    dgDdfdad

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    dgDdfdad

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    2 views6 pages

    DECS_TUTORIAL 3_Solns

    Uploaded by

    anilm130484me
    dgDdfdad

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    TUTORIAL 3

    Q 1.

    (a) Sm = 0.004 V/K

    k= 0.05 W/K

    R= 0.025 ohm

    T1= 1250 K

    T2 = 800 K
    2
    e
    Maximum output =
    4R
    e= Sm (T1-T2)

    = 0.004*(1250-800)

    = 1.8 V
    2
    1.8
    Max. output = =16.2 W
    4∗0.025∗2
    2
    i R
    q1 =T1 Sm i + k (T1-T2) -
    2
    2
    18 ∗0.025∗2
    = 1250 *0.004* 18 + 0.05*450* 2 -
    2
    = 126.9 W

    Efficiency = Wmax / q1

    = 16.2/126.9

    = 0.127

    = 12.7 %

    I = e/2R

    1.8
    =
    2∗0.025∗2
    = 18A
    (b)

    At no load i=0

    q1= 0 + k(T1-T2) – 0

    = 0 + 0.05 *2*450

    = 45W

    Terminal Voltage e = (T1- T2) Sm – 0

    = 1.8V

    (c) under short circuit condition

    i=E/R

    =1.8/(0.025x2)

    =36 Amp

    Input power Q1’=T1Smi+k(T1-T2)-i2R/2

    =1250*0.004*36+0.05*2(1250-800)-362*0.05/2

    = 180+45-32.4

    = 192.6 Watt

    Q 3.

    T1 =1150 K

    T2 =700 K

    Sm = 0.0015 V/K

    ka =0.03 W/cmK

    kb = 0.02 w/cmK

    ρa = 0.006 ῼ cm

    ρb = 0.007 ῼ cm

    W= 55W

    e= 6V

    La = Lb =1cm
    2
    Tm∗Sm
    (i) m=
    KR

    kR = (√ ρ a Ka+√ ρ b Kb)2

    = ( √ 0.006∗0. .03 +√ 0.02∗0.007)2

    = 6.36*10−4
    2
    925∗0.01183
    m = −4
    6.36∗10
    =3.268356

    (ii) Mo= √ 1+θ m =2.066

    Volt per thermocouple V1

    Mo
    V1 = (T1-T2) *Sm¿
    M o+ 1
    2.066
    = (1150-700)* 0.0015*
    3.066
    = 0.4548 Volt/Couple

    No of couples,

    Ns ≥ V/V1

    Ns ≥ 6/0.4548

    Ns = 14

    Operating Current,

    I = W’/V=9.1667

    0.4548
    R= = 0.02403 Ω
    9.166∗2.066

    √
    ρa
    Ratio, ε =
    ∗kb
    ka
    ρb

    √
    0.006
    ε=
    ∗0.02 = 0.7559
    0.03
    0.007
    La R
    . =
    σa ρ a+ ε ρ b
    σa =0.46 cm2

    σa Lb
    .ε= +
    La σ b
    σb = σa/ε

    σb= 0.6 cm2

    Q 4.

    Sab = 0.02 V/K

    ka =0.02 W/cmK

    kb = 0.03 w/cmK

    ρa = 0.01 ῼ cm

    ρb = 0.014 ῼ cm

    Q2”= 500 BTU/hr = 146.52W

    T1= 25+10=35 0C

    T2= -25 +10 = 30 0C

    V =6V

    T 2+ M 0−T 1
    (i) C.O.P =
    (T ¿ ¿ 1−T 2)¿ ¿ ¿

    kR = (√ ρ a Ka+√ ρ b Kb)2 = ( √ 0.01∗0..02 +√ 0.014∗0.03 )2

    = 1.194 *10−3
    2
    Tm∗Sm
    m=
    KR
    2
    2.5∗0.02
    = −3 = 0.8336
    1..194∗10

    Mo ¿ √ 1+0.8336 =1.3541

    243∗1.3541−308
    C.O.P = = 0.1393
    65∗(1+ 1.3541)
    C.O.P = 146.32/0.1393
    W’ = 1051.53 W

    i= W/V = 1051.83/6

    i = 175.3A

    Ns ≤ V/V1 No of couples in series

    Voltage per couple

    Mo
    V1 = (T1-T2) *Sm¿
    M o−1
    1.3541
    = (35 +30)*(0.02)*( ¿
    0.3541
    V1 = 4.97 Volt/ Couple

    Ns ≤ 6/4.97

    Ns =1

    R = V1/I M0

    4.97
    = = 0.0209 Ω/ couple
    175.3∗1.3541

    (iii) Size of thermal elements

    √
    ρa
    ε=
    ∗kb
    ka
    ρb

    √
    0.01
    ε = 0.02
    ∗0.03 = 1.035
    0.014
    La R
    =
    σa ρ a+ ε ρ b
    σa = 1.171 cm2

    σa Lb
    ε= + La= Lb = 1 cm
    La σ b
    σb = σa/ε

    σb= 1.132 cm2

    Q 5.

    Q2 = 500 Btu/hr = 0.1465 kW


    COP = QL/W = ….

    Mo = (1 + Tm z)1/2 = (1+3)1/2 = 2

    [ ]
    T1
    M o−( )
    T2 T2 173 (2−1.72)
    COPopt = = =0.128
    T 1−T 2 M o +1 125 3

    Wleast = Q2/COPopt = 0.1465/0/128 = 1.145 kW  One-stage

    For multi-stage (No of stages = n), the following formula may be used (?!)

    COPnet = (COP)n/(1 + n(COP))

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