Design of Columns

Design of Interior Column:

I.Determination if Long column or Short column

Data for computing actual slenderness ratio:

Column:
Beams:
Depth, h= 400 mm
Width, b= 400 mm Depth, h= 450 500
Length, Lu = 3200 mm Width. B= 350 450
r = 0.30h = 120 mm Length, Lu = 5000 6000

Effective moment of inertia of Column:

Ic = 0.70Ig = 0.70(1/12)(400)(400)^3 1.493E+09 mm^4

Effective moment of inertia of beam:

Ib = 0.35Ig = 0.35(1/12)(350)(450)^3 930234375 mm^4

Ib = 0.35Ig = 0.35(1/12)(450)(500)^3 1.641E+09 mm^4

Stiffness ratio at the upper end of the column:

Ec= 21538.11
𝐺𝑎= (∑▒(𝐸𝐼𝑐/𝐿𝑢)𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛)/(∑▒ 〖 (𝐸𝐼𝑏/𝐿𝑢) 〗
𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 )=(∑▒((23025.2)∗(8.754𝑋 〖 10 〗 ^7 0.50782
))/3200)/(((23025.2)∗(1.641 〖𝑋 10 〗 ^9)/6000)(2)+
((23025.2)∗(9.302 〖𝑋 10 〗 ^8)/5000)(2))=

Stiffness ratio of lower end considered as fixed:

Gb = 1

Reading from the alignment chart for columns in an unbraced (frame subject to sideway),

K= 1.2

Radius of gyration of the column:

r = 0.30h 120 mm

Actual slenderness ratio of the column:

kLu/r = 32

Since slenderness is greater than 22, Column is a LONG COLUMN.

II. Column Loading( From STAAD.PRO) (Member 111)
Unit Unit
Actual Force due to Dead load, Pd = 785.637 KN 785637 N
Actual Force due to Live load, Pl = 197.516 KN 197516 N
Actual Force due to greatest transverse load, Pt 10.833 KN 10833 N

Ultimate load due to gravity

(Pu1 = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL) = 1258.79 KN 1E+06 N

Ultimate Load due to transverse loading

(Pu2 = 1.2 DL +1.0W + 1.0L) = 1158.37151 KN 1E+06 N

Greatest Flexure due to dead load, Md = 13.039 KN.m 13039 N.m

Greatest Flexure due to Live load, Ml = 5.35 KN.m 5350 N.m
Greatest Flexure due to Transverse load, Mw = 18.982 KN.m 18982 N.m

(Mu1 = 1.2 Md+ 1.6 Ml) = 24.2068 KN 24206.8 N

Smaller moment end joint, M1b = 0.004 KN.m 4 N.m

Greater moment end joint, M2b = 13.039 KN.m 13039 N.m
Moment due to sidesway, M2s = 110.761 KN.m 110761 N.m

III. Flexural Considerations

Magnified moment to be used in designing the column

Mc = δbM2b + δsM2s

Data for computing δb:

βd = Max. factored dead load moment / Total Factored moment= 0.64638

Ec= 21538.1058 Mpa

Ig = (bh^3 / 12) = 2133333333 mm^4

Trial: EI =( 0.4*(Ec)*Ig)/1+βd = 1.1163E+13 N.mm^2

Pc = (π^2 EI)/(klu)^2= 7471926.71 N

Cm = 0.6 +0.4 M1b/M2b = 0.6001227 >0.40
\Use cm =0.6001227

δb = Cm/1-(Pu/σPc) 0.6002575
Minimum δb = 1.0
\Use δb = 1
Data for computing δs:

EI =( 0.4*(Ec)*Ig)/1+βd = 1.8379184E+13 N.mm^2

Pc = (π^2 EI)/(klu)^2= 12301633.354 N

∑Pc = 24603266.708 N
∑Pu = 2417161.51 N

δs = 1/1-(∑Pu/∑σPc) 1.150740
\Use δs = 1.150740

Design moment (magnified moment) of column:

Mc = δbM2b + δsM2s
Mc = 140496.128 N.m

Minimum eccentricity:
emin = 15 + 0.03h = 27 mm

Actual eccentricity:
e = Mc / Pu 0.112 m
\Use e = 111.612 mm

Data for the interaction chart:

e/h = 0.28
K = Pu/ f'c Ag 0.37
K e/h = 0.10

Assuming using 20 mm φ longitudinal bars with 10 mm φ lateral ties

γ =( h- 80 - db - 2dbt)/h 0.70

Reading the interaction diagram for fy = 415 and by interpolation,

ρg = 0.012

Ast = ρg Ag = 1920 mm^2

Nb = 4 Ast/ πdb^2= 6.11155497694 Use 8 bars

Therefore the actual Ast,

Ast =(π d^2/4)*8= 2513.272 mm^2

ρg = Ast /Ag = 0.01570795

Data for computing new value of δb:

Is= 3Abd1^2+2Abd2^2= 28961566 mm^4

EI = ((0.2*Ec*Ig)+(Es*Is))/1+δb= 9.0999E+12 N.mm^2

Pc = (π^2 EI)/(klu)^2= 6090787.2 N

Cm = 0.6 +0.4 M1b/M2b = 0.6001227 >0.40

\Use cm =0.6001227

δb = Cm/1-(Pu/σPc) 0.8283971
Minimum δb = 1.0
\Use δb = 1

∑Pc = 12181574 N
∑Pu = 2417161.51 N

The new value of δs is:

δs = 1/1-∑Pc/σ∑Pc) 1.36 > δs = 1.0
Minimum δs = 1.0
\Use δs = 1.36

Mc = δbM2b + δsM2s
Mc = 163646.18 N.m

Actual eccentricity:

e = Mc / Pu 0.130 mm
\Use e = 130.003 mm

Data for the interaction chart:

e/h = 0.33
K = Pu/ f'c Ag 0.37
K e/h = 0.12

ρg = Ast /Ag = 0.01570795

γ =( h- 80 - 20 - 2(10))/h 0.70

Readings from the interaction chart for fy = 415 Mpa and by interpolation,

φPn/Ag = 8.042 N/mm^2

φPn = 8.042* 400*400 = 1286720 N

φPnmin= 0.10f'cAg= 336000 N
 since φPn > φPnmin, φ = 0.65

Actual Axial Load Capacity:

φPn= 1286720 > Pu= 1258790

THEREFOSAFE!
\Use 8-20mm φ longitudinal steel bars.

IV. Shear Consideration

Lateral Tie Diameter = 10 mm φ

At Confinement zones:

length of Lo,
a. h= 400 400
b. Lu/6= 3200/6 533.333333333
c. 450 450

Therefore, use Lo, = 533.333333333

Spacing So,

Dc = h -80 = 320 mm
hc = Dc - dbt = 310 mm
Ach = Dc^2 = 96100 mm^2
Ash = πd^2/4 = π(10)^2/4 = 157.0795 mm^2

𝑎. (𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝑓𝑦)/(0.9 ℎ𝑐 𝑓^′ 𝑐)=.

(157.080)(415)/(0.09 (310) 111.261295 mm
( 21))=

b. (𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝑓𝑦 )/(0.3 ℎ𝑐 𝑓^′ 𝑐(𝐴𝑔/𝐴𝑐ℎ−1))=.

(157.080(415) )/(0.3(310)( 21) 50.1981709 mm
(400𝑥400/67600−1))=
𝑐. 100 mm
ℎ/4=400/4=

𝑑. 6 db=6 (20)= 120 mm

use s = 50 mm

Number of ties, No. = lo/ so = 10.6666667

12
Provide 11 10-mm φ lateral ties @ 50 mm on centers at confinement zones.
At Non Confinement zones:

Lm = Lu - 2*sNo =3200 - 2(12*50) 2000

Spacing,

a. 150
b. 6 db = 6 * 25 150

Number of 10-mm φ lateral ties at non-confinement zone:

Nm = 13.333333

Provide 14 10-mm φ lateral ties @ 150 mm on centers at non-confinement zone.

Design of Exterior Column:

I.Determination if Long column or Short column

Data for computing actual slenderness ratio:

Column: Beams:

Depth, h= 400 mm Depth, h= 450

Width, b= 400 mm Width. B= 350
Length, Lu = 3200 mm Length, Lu = 5000 6000
r = 0.30h = 120 mm

Effective moment of inertia of Column:

Ic = 0.70Ig = 0.70(1/12)(400)(400)^3 1493333333 mm^4

Effective moment of inertia of beam:

Ib = 0.35Ig = 0.35(1/12)(350)(450)^3 930234375 mm^4

Stiffness ratio at the upper end of the column:

Ec= 21538.11

𝐺𝑎= (∑▒(𝐸𝐼𝑐/𝐿𝑢)𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛)/(∑▒ 〖 (𝐸𝐼𝑏/𝐿𝑢) 〗

𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 )=(∑▒((23025.2)∗(8.754𝑋 〖 10 〗 ^7 0.8852924
))/3200)/(((21538.11)∗(9.302 〖𝑋 10 〗 ^8)/6000)+
((21538.11)∗(9.302 〖𝑋 10 〗 ^8)/5000)(2))=
Stiffness ratio of lower end considered as fixed:

Gb = 1

Reading from the alignment chart for columns in an unbraced (frame subject to sideway),

K= 1.29

Radius of gyration of the column:

r = 0.30h 120 mm

Actual slenderness ratio of the column:

kLu/r = 34.4
Since slenderness is greater than 22, Column is a LONG COLUMN.

II. Column Loading( From STAAD.PRO) (Member 111)

Unit Unit
Actual Force due to Dead load, Pd = 535.5 KN 535500 N
Actual Force due to Live load, Pl = 123.037 KN 123037 N
Actual Force due to greatest transverse load, Pt = 6.231 KN 6231 N

Ultimate load due to gravity

(Pu1 = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL) = 839.4592 KN 839459.2 N

Ultimate Load due to transverse loading

(Pu2 = 1.2 DL +1.0W + 1.0L) = 776.04277 KN 776042.77 N

Greatest Flexure due to dead load, Md = 15.836 KN.m 15836 N.m

Greatest Flexure due to Live load, Ml = 8.949 KN.m 8949 N.m
Greatest Flexure due to Transverse load, Mw = 12.722 KN.m 12722 N.m

(Mu1 = 1.2 Md+ 1.6 Ml) = 33.3216 KN 33321.6 N

Smaller moment end joint, M1b = 0.018 KN.m 18 N.m

Greater moment end joint, M2b = 15.836 KN.m 15836 N.m
Moment due to sidesway, M2s = 114.197 KN.m 114197 N.m

III. Flexural Considerations

Magnified moment to be used in designing the column

Mc = δbM2b + δsM2s

Data for computing δb:

βd = Max. factored dead load moment / Total Factored moment= 0.5702967

Ec= 21538.10577 Mpa

Ig = (bh^3 / 12) = 2133333333 mm^4

Trial: EI =( 0.4*(Ec)*Ig)/1+βd = 1.17043E+13 N.mm^2

Pc = (π^2 EI)/(klu)^2= 6778976.37 N

Cm = 0.6 +0.4 M1b/M2b = 0.60045466 >0.40
\Use cm =0.6004546603
 δb = Cm/1-(Pu/σPc) 0.600553818
Minimum δb = 1.0
\Use δb = 1

Data for computing δs:

EI =( 0.4*(Ec)*Ig)/1+βd = 1.837918E+13 N.mm^2

Pc = (π^2 EI)/(klu)^2= 10645004.525 N

∑Pc = 21290009.05 N
∑Pu = 1615501.97 N

δs = 1/1-(∑Pu/∑σPc) 1.112563
\Use δs = 1.112563

Design moment (magnified moment) of column:

Mc = δbM2b + δsM2s
Mc = 142887.335 N.m

Minimum eccentricity:
emin = 15 + 0.03h = 27 mm

Actual eccentricity:
e = Mc / Pu 0.170 m
\Use e = 170.214 mm

Data for the interaction chart:

e/h = 0.43
K = Pu/ f'c Ag 0.25
K e/h = 0.11

Assuming using 20 mm φ longitudinal bars with 10 mm φ lateral ties

γ =( h- 80 - db - 2dbt)/h 0.70

Reading the interaction diagram for fy = 415 and by interpolation,

ρg = 0.0107

Ast = ρg Ag = 1712 mm^2

Nb = 4 Ast/ πdb^2= 5.4494698544 Use 8 bars

Therefore the actual Ast,

Ast =(π d^2/4)*8= 2513.272 mm^2

ρg = Ast /Ag = 0.01570795

Data for computing new value of δb:

Is= 3Abd1^2+2Abd2^2= 28961566 mm^4

EI = ((0.2*Ec*Ig)+(Es*Is))/1+δb= 9.54081E+12 N.mm^2

Pc = (π^2 EI)/(klu)^2= 5525924.449 N

Cm = 0.6 +0.4 M1b/M2b = 0.60045466 >0.40

\Use cm =0.6004546603

δb = Cm/1-(Pu/σPc) 0.752968914
Minimum δb = 1.0
\Use δb = 1

∑Pc = 11051848.9 N
∑Pu = 1615501.97 N

The new value of δs is:

δs = 1/1-∑Pc/σ∑Pc) 1.24 > δs = 1.0
Minimum δs = 1.0
\Use δs = 1.24

Mc = δbM2b + δsM2s
Mc = 157677.963789 N.m

Actual eccentricity:

e = Mc / Pu 0.188 mm
\Use e = 187.833 mm

Data for the interaction chart:

e/h = 0.47
K = Pu/ f'c Ag 0.25
K e/h = 0.12
 ρg = Ast /Ag = 0.01570795

γ =( h- 80 - 20 - 2(10))/h 0.70

Readings from the interaction chart for fy = 415 Mpa and by interpolation,

φPn/Ag = 5.974 N/mm^2

φPn = 8.042* 400*400 = 955840 N

φPnmin= 0.10f'cAg= 336000 N

since φPn > φPnmin, φ = 0.65

Actual Axial Load Capacity:

φPn= 955840 > Pu= 839459.2

THEREFOSAFE!
\Use 8-20mm φ longitudinal steel bars.

IV. Shear Consideration

Lateral Tie Diameter = 10 mm φ

At Confinement zones:

length of Lo,
a. h= 400 400
b. Lu/6= 3200/6 533.33333333
c. 450 450

Therefore, use Lo, = 533.33333333

Spacing So,

Dc = h -80 = 320 mm
hc = Dc - dbt = 310 mm
Ach = Dc^2 = 96100 mm^2
Ash = πd^2/4 = π(10)^2/4 = 157.0795 mm^2

𝑎. (𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝑓𝑦)/(0.9 ℎ𝑐 𝑓^′ 𝑐)=. 111.2612946 mm

(157.080)(415)/(0.09 (310)
( 21))=
 𝑎. (𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝑓𝑦)/(0.9 ℎ𝑐 𝑓^′ 𝑐)=. 111.2612946 mm
(157.080)(415)/(0.09 (310)
( 21))=

b. (𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝑓𝑦 )/(0.3 ℎ𝑐 𝑓^′ 𝑐(𝐴𝑔/𝐴𝑐ℎ−1))=.

50.19817094 mm
(157.080(415) )/(0.3(310)( 21)
(400𝑥400/67600−1))=
𝑐. 100 mm
ℎ/4=400/4=

𝑑. 6 db=6 (20)= 120 mm

use s = 50 mm

Number of ties, No. = lo/ so = 10.66666667

12
Provide 11 10-mm φ lateral ties @ 50 mm on centers at confinement zones.

At Non Confinement zones:

Lm = Lu - 2*sNo =3200 - 2(12*50) 2000

Spacing,

a. 150
b. 6 db = 6 * 25 150

Number of 10-mm φ lateral ties at non-confinement zone:

Nm = 13.333333333

Provide 14 10-mm φ lateral ties @ 150 mm on centers at non-confinement zone.

Design of Corner Columns:

I.Determination if Long column or Short column

Data for computing actual slenderness ratio:

Column:
Beams:
Depth, h= 400 mm
Width, b= 400 mm Depth, h= 450
Length, Lu 3200 mm Width. B= 350
r = 0.30h = 120 mm Length, Lu = 5000 6000

Effective moment of inertia of Column:

Ic = 0.70Ig = 0.70(1/12)(400)(400)^3 1493333333 mm^4

Effective moment of inertia of beam:

Ib = 0.35Ig = 0.35(1/12)(350)(450)^3 930234375 mm^4

Stiffness ratio at the upper end of the column:

Ec= 21538.11

𝐺𝑎= (∑▒(𝐸𝐼𝑐/𝐿𝑢)𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛)/(∑▒ 〖 (𝐸𝐼𝑏/𝐿𝑢) 〗

𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 )=(∑▒((23025.2)∗(8.754𝑋 〖 10 〗 ^7 0.684089573
))/3200)/(((21538.11)∗(9.302 〖𝑋 10 〗 ^8)/6000)𝑥2+
((21538.11)∗(9.302 〖𝑋 10 〗 ^8)/5000)(2))=
Stiffness ratio of lower end considered as fixed:

Gb = 1

Reading from the alignment chart for columns in an unbraced (frame subject to sideway),

K= 1.25

Radius of gyration of the column:

r = 0.30h 120 mm

Actual slenderness ratio of the column:

kLu/r = 33.33333
Since slenderness is greater than 22, Column is a LONG COLUMN.

II. Column Loading( From STAAD.PRO) (Member 111)

Unit Unit
Actual Force due to Dead load, Pd = 531.283 KN 531283 N
Actual Force due to Live load, Pl = 111.139 KN 111139 N
Actual Force due to greatest transverse load, Pt 7.862 KN 7862 N

Ultimate load due to gravity

(Pu1 = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL) = 815.362 KN 815362 N

Ultimate Load due to transverse loading

(Pu2 = 1.2 DL +1.0W + 1.0L) = 761.80814 KN 761808 N

Greatest Flexure due to dead load, Md = 8.14 KN.m 8140 N.m

Greatest Flexure due to Live load, Ml = 4.081 KN.m 4081 N.m
Greatest Flexure due to Transverse load, Mw = 13.992 KN.m 13992 N.m

(Mu1 = 1.2 Md+ 1.6 Ml) = 16.2976 KN 16297.6 N

Smaller moment end joint, M1b = 0.012 KN.m 12 N.m

Greater moment end joint, M2b = 8.14 KN.m 8140 N.m
Moment due to sidesway, M2s = 109.831 KN.m 109831 N.m

III. Flexural Considerations

Magnified moment to be used in designing the column

Mc = δbM2b + δsM2s

Data for computing δb:

βd = Max. factored dead load moment / Total Factored moment= 0.5993520518

Ec= 21538.10577 Mpa

Ig = (bh^3 / 12) = 2133333333 mm^4

Trial: EI =( 0.4*(Ec)*Ig)/1+βd = 1.14916E+13 N.mm^2

Pc = (π^2 EI)/(klu)^2= 7088611.47 N

Cm = 0.6 +0.4 M1b/M2b = 0.600589681 >0.40
\Use cm =0.600589681
 δb = Cm/1-(Pu/σPc) 0.600681805
Minimum δb = 1.0
\Use δb = 1

Data for computing δs:

EI =( 0.4*(Ec)*Ig)/1+βd = 1.83792E+13 N.mm^2

Pc = (π^2 EI)/(klu)^2= 11337185.3 N

∑Pc = 22674370.6 N
∑Pu = 1577170.14 N

δs = 1/1-(∑Pu/∑σPc) 1.102224
\Use δs = 1.102224

Design moment (magnified moment) of column:

Mc = δbM2b + δsM2s
Mc = 129198.337 N.m

Minimum eccentricity:
emin = 15 + 0.03h = 27 mm

Actual eccentricity:
e = Mc / Pu 0.158 m
\Use e = 158.455 mm

Data for the interaction chart:

e/h = 0.40
K = Pu/ f'c Ag 0.24
K e/h = 0.10

Assuming using 20 mm φ longitudinal bars with 10 mm φ lateral ties

γ =( h- 80 - db - 2dbt)/h 0.70

Reading the interaction diagram for fy = 415 and by interpolation,

ρg = 0.01

Ast = ρg Ag = 1600 mm^2

Nb = 4 Ast/ πdb^2= 5.0929624808 Use 8 bars

Therefore the actual Ast,

Ast =(π d^2/4)*8= 2513.272 mm^2

ρg = Ast /Ag = 0.01570795

Data for computing new value of δb:

Is= 3Abd1^2+2Abd2^2= 28961566 mm^4

EI = ((0.2*Ec*Ig)+(Es*Is))/1+δb= 9.36748E+12 N.mm^2

Pc = (π^2 EI)/(klu)^2= 5778325.412 N

Cm = 0.6 +0.4 M1b/M2b = 0.60058968 >0.40

\Use cm =0.60059

δb = Cm/1-(Pu/σPc) 0.73977241
Minimum δb = 1.0
\Use δb = 1

∑Pc = 11556650.82 N
∑Pu = 1577170.14 N

The new value of δs is:

δs = 1/1-∑Pc/σ∑Pc) 1.22 > δs = 1.0
Minimum δs = 1.0
\Use δs = 1.22

Mc = δbM2b + δsM2s
Mc = 142401.8 N.m

Actual eccentricity:

e = Mc / Pu 0.175 mm
\Use e = 174.649 mm

Data for the interaction chart:

e/h = 0.44
K = Pu/ f'c Ag 0.24
K e/h = 0.11

ρg = Ast /Ag = 0.01570795

γ =( h- 80 - 20 - 2(10))/h 0.70

Readings from the interaction chart for fy = 415 Mpa and by interpolation,

φPn/Ag = 5.514 N/mm^2

φPn = 5.514* 400*400 = 882240 N

φPnmin= 0.10f'cAg= 336000 N

since φPn > φPnmin, φ = 0.65

Actual Axial Load Capacity:

φPn= 882240 > Pu= 815362

THEREFOSAFE!
\Use 8-20mm φ longitudinal steel bars.

IV. Shear Consideration

Lateral Tie Diameter = 10 mm φ

At Confinement zones:

length of Lo,
a. h= 400 400
b. Lu/6= 3200/6 533.3333333
c. 450 450

Therefore, use Lo, = 533.3333333

Spacing So,

Dc = h -80 = 320 mm
hc = Dc - dbt = 310 mm
Ach = Dc^2 = 96100 mm^2
Ash = πd^2/4 = π(10)^2/4 = 157.0795 mm^2

𝑎. (𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝑓𝑦)/(0.9 ℎ𝑐 𝑓^′ 𝑐)=. 111.26129459 mm

(157.080)(415)/(0.09 (310)
( 21))=

b. (𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝑓𝑦 )/(0.3 ℎ𝑐 𝑓^′ 𝑐(𝐴𝑔/𝐴𝑐ℎ−1))=. 50.198170939 mm

(157.080(415) )/(0.3(310)( 21)
(400𝑥400/67600−1))=
 b. (𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝑓𝑦 )/(0.3 ℎ𝑐 𝑓^′ 𝑐(𝐴𝑔/𝐴𝑐ℎ−1))=.
(157.080(415) )/(0.3(310)( 21)
(400𝑥400/67600−1))=
𝑐. 100 mm
ℎ/4=400/4=

𝑑. 6 db=6 (20)= 120 mm

use s = 50 mm

Number of ties, No. = lo/ so = 10.66666667

12
Provide 11 10-mm φ lateral ties @ 50 mm on centers at confinement zones.

At Non Confinement zones:

Lm = Lu - 2*sNo =3200 - 2(12*50) 2000

Spacing,

a. 150
b. 6 db = 6 * 25 150

Number of 10-mm φ lateral ties at non-confinement zone:

Nm = 13.33333333

Provide 14 10-mm φ lateral ties @ 150 mm on centers at non-confinement zone.

Stair Column

f'c 21 Mpa
fy 415 Mpa

Column Loading from Stairs

DL = 436.4928 KN
LL = 155.52 KN

Assume Ast = 0.02 Ag

The Axial Load Capacity of a tied column is

Pu = ф 0.80 (0.85 f'c (Ag - Ast) +fy Ast)

where:
Pu = 1.2 DL +1.6 LL = 1.2 (436.492) + 1.6(155.52) = 772.6234 KN 772623.4 N

Ast = 0.02Ag
772623.4 = (0.75)*0.80*(0.85 (21)(Ag - 0.02Ag)+415(0.02Ag))

Ag = 49924.62 = t^2

t= 223.4382 use t = 225 mm

Ast = 0.02Ag = 0.02 (225^2) = 1012.5 mm^2

Using 16 mm ф bars,

n = Ast/Ag = 3.22289

N= 4 20mmф bars

Use 225 x 225 column with 4- 20mm ф bars

Spacing of ties:

a. 16x db = 16 x 16 = 256 mm

b. 48 x ds = 48 x 10mm = 480 mm

c. Least dimension of the column 225 mm

Use 10mm ties at 225 m o.c
Design of Exterior Column 2:

I.Determination if Long column or Short column

Data for computing actual slenderness ratio:

Column: Beams:

Depth, h= 250 mm Depth, h= 400

Width, b= 250 mm Width. B= 200
Length, Lu = 3600 mm Length, Lu = 2500 6000
r = 0.30h = 75 mm

Effective moment of inertia of Column:

Ic = 0.70Ig = 0.70(1/12)(250)(250)^3 227864583.33 mm^4

Effective moment of inertia of beam:

Ib = 0.35Ig = 0.35(1/12)(350)(450)^3 373333333.33 mm^4

Stiffness ratio at the upper end of the column:

Ec= 21538.11

𝐺𝑎= (∑▒(𝐸𝐼𝑐/𝐿𝑢)𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛)/(∑▒ 〖 (𝐸𝐼𝑏/𝐿𝑢) 〗

𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 )=(∑▒((21538.11))∗(8.754𝑋 〖 10 〗 ^7 0.2311938
))/3600)/(((21538.11)∗(9.302 〖𝑋 10 〗 ^8)/6000)+
((21538.11)∗(9.302 〖𝑋 10 〗 ^8)/5000)(2))=
Stiffness ratio of lower end considered as fixed:

Gb = 1

Reading from the alignment chart for columns in an unbraced (frame subject to sideway),

K= 1.2

Radius of gyration of the column:

r = 0.30h 75 mm

Actual slenderness ratio of the column:

kLu/r = 57.6
Since slenderness is greater than 22, Column is a LONG COLUMN.

II. Column Loading( From STAAD.PRO) (Member 111)

Unit Unit
Actual Force due to Dead load, Pd = 63.038 KN 63038 N
Actual Force due to Live load, Pl = 13.107 KN 13107 N
Actual Force due to greatest transverse load, Pt = 1.469 KN 1469 N

Ultimate load due to gravity

(Pu1 = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL) = 96.6168 KN 96616.8 N

Ultimate Load due to transverse loading

(Pu2 = 1.2 DL +1.0W + 1.0L) = 91.20583 KN 91205.83 N

Greatest Flexure due to dead load, Md = 11.176 KN.m 11176 N.m

Greatest Flexure due to Live load, Ml = 2.757 KN.m 2757 N.m
Greatest Flexure due to Transverse load, Mw = 6.958 KN.m 6958 N.m

(Mu1 = 1.2 Md+ 1.6 Ml) = 17.8224 KN 17822.4 N

Smaller moment end joint, M1b = 0.002 KN.m 2 N.m

Greater moment end joint, M2b = 11.176 KN.m 11176 N.m
Moment due to sidesway, M2s = 6.958 KN.m 6958 N.m

III. Flexural Considerations

Magnified moment to be used in designing the column

Mc = δbM2b + δsM2s

Data for computing δb:

βd = Max. factored dead load moment / Total Factored moment= 0.7524912

Ec= 21538.10577 Mpa

Ig = (bh^3 / 12) = 325520833.3 mm^4

Trial: EI =( 0.4*(Ec)*Ig)/1+βd = 1.60026E+12 N.mm^2

Pc = (π^2 EI)/(klu)^2= 846295.3329 N

Cm = 0.6 +0.4 M1b/M2b = 0.600071582 >0.40
\Use cm =0.600071582
 δb = Cm/1-(Pu/σPc) 0.600162938
Minimum δb = 1.0
\Use δb = 1

Data for computing δs:

EI =( 0.4*(Ec)*Ig)/1+βd = 2.804441E+12 N.mm^2

Pc = (π^2 EI)/(klu)^2= 1483125.1632 N

∑Pc = 2966250.3265 N
∑Pu = 187822.63 N

δs = 1/1-(∑Pu/∑σPc) 1.092212
\Use δs = 1.092212

Design moment (magnified moment) of column:

Mc = δbM2b + δsM2s
Mc = 18775.608 N.m

Minimum eccentricity:
emin = 15 + 0.03h = 22.5 mm

Actual eccentricity:
e = Mc / Pu 0.194 m
\Use e = 194.331 mm

Data for the interaction chart:

e/h = 0.78
K = Pu/ f'c Ag 0.07
K e/h = 0.06

Assuming using 20 mm φ longitudinal bars with 10 mm φ lateral ties

γ =( h- 80 - db - 2dbt)/h 0.52

Reading the interaction diagram for fy = 415 and by interpolation,

ρg = 0.01

Ast = ρg Ag = 625 mm^2

Nb = 4 Ast/ πdb^2= 1.9894384691 Use 4 bars

Therefore the actual Ast,

Ast =(π d^2/4)*4= 1256.636 mm^2

ρg = Ast /Ag = 0.020106176

Data for computing new value of δb:

Is= 3Abd1^2+2Abd2^2= 2654567.5 mm^4

EI = ((0.2*Ec*Ig)+(Es*Is))/1+δb= 1.10308E+12 N.mm^2

Pc = (π^2 EI)/(klu)^2= 583361.2849 N

Cm = 0.6 +0.4 M1b/M2b = 0.600071582 >0.40

\Use cm =0.600071582

δb = Cm/1-(Pu/σPc) 0.770139895
Minimum δb = 1.0
\Use δb = 1

∑Pc = 1166722.57 N
∑Pu = 187822.63 N

The new value of δs is:

δs = 1/1-∑Pc/σ∑Pc) 1.27 > δs = 1.0
Minimum δs = 1.0
\Use δs = 1.27

Mc = δbM2b + δsM2s
Mc = 20035.6780589 N.m

Actual eccentricity:

e = Mc / Pu 0.207 mm
\Use e = 207.373 mm

Data for the interaction chart:

e/h = 0.83
K = Pu/ f'c Ag 0.07
K e/h = 0.06
 ρg = Ast /Ag = 0.020106176

γ =( h- 80 - 20 - 2(10))/h 0.52

Readings from the interaction chart for fy = 415 Mpa and by interpolation,

φPn/Ag = 2.757 N/mm^2

φPn = 2.757* 250*250= 172312.5 N

φPnmin= 0.10f'cAg= 131250 N

since φPn > φPnmin, φ = 0.65

Actual Axial Load Capacity:

φPn= 172312.5 > Pu= 96616.8

THEREFOSAFE!
\Use 4-20mm φ longitudinal steel bars.

IV. Shear Consideration

Lateral Tie Diameter = 10 mm φ

At Confinement zones:

length of Lo,
a. h= 250 250
b. Lu/6= 3600/6 600
c. 450 450

Therefore, use Lo, = 250

Spacing So,

Dc = h -80 = 170 mm
hc = Dc - dbt = 160 mm
Ach = Dc^2 = 25600 mm^2
Ash = πd^2/4 = π(10)^2/4 = 157.0795 mm^2

𝑎. (𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝑓𝑦)/(0.9 ℎ𝑐 𝑓^′ 𝑐)=. 215.5687583 mm

(157.080)(415)/(0.09 (160)
( 21))=
 𝑎. (𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝑓𝑦)/(0.9 ℎ𝑐 𝑓^′ 𝑐)=. 215.5687583 mm
(157.080)(415)/(0.09 (160)
( 21))=

b. (𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝑓𝑦 )/(0.3 ℎ𝑐 𝑓^′ 𝑐(𝐴𝑔/𝐴𝑐ℎ−1))=. mm

44.866343184
(157.080(415) )/(0.3(160)( 21)
(250𝑥250/25600−1))=
𝑐. 62.5 mm
ℎ/4=250/4=

𝑑. 6 db=6 (20)= 120 mm

use s = 40 mm

Number of ties, No. = lo/ so = 6.25

12
Provide 7 10-mm φ lateral ties @ 40 mm on centers at confinement zones.

At Non Confinement zones:

Lm = Lu - 2*sNo =3200 - 2(12*50) 2640

Spacing,

a. 150
b. 6 db = 6 * 25 120

Number of 10-mm φ lateral ties at non-confinement zone:

Nm = 22

Provide 22 10-mm φ lateral ties @ 120 mm on centers at non-confinement zone.