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    Immunology Lecture Notes: Immunoglobulin classes

    Chapter · February 2017

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    Salah M. Azwai
    University of Tripoli
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    Immunology Lecture Notes: Immunoglobulin classes. Dept. Vet. Microbiology&Parasitology.

    Immunoglobulin classes (isotypes)

    IgG: IgG found in highest concentration in blood (serum), so it’s major role in
    antibody-mediated defense mechanisms.

    - MW= 180 KDa.

    - It is a monomer.

    - γ epitopes on its heavy chains.

    - Because of its size it can escape from blood vessels more easily.
    - So it participates in the defense of tissue spaces and body surfaces.
    - IgG can opsonize, agglutinate and precipitate antigen.
    - Produced mainly in secondary immune response.

    IgM: is found in the second highest concentration after IgG.


    - IgM is formed by five 180 KDa subunits (900 KDa) a small polypeptide
    called the J chain (15KDa) joins two of the units to complete the circle.
    - It is a pentamer.
    - π epitopes on its heavy chains.
    - There is additional domain CH4 but there is no hinge region.

    1
    Immunology Lecture Notes: Immunoglobulin classes. Dept. Vet. Microbiology&Parasitology.

    - IgM valency is 10 but it is only 5 because of strike hindrance between


    antigen molecules.
    - IgM is the major immunoglobulin produced in primary immune response,
    but it is also produced in secondary immune responses.
    - It can opsonize, neutralize and agglutinate antigens.
    - It can also activate complement cascade.
    - Because of its size it is confined to blood stream.

    IgA:
    - Monomeric IgA has a MW of 150KDa, but it is found as a dimer.
    - Dimeric IgA is linked by J chain which links CH2 of one molecule to CH3
    of the other.
    - As the IgA is transported through intestinal epithelial cells or through
    hepatocytes, it is bound to a glycoprotein of 71KDa known as secretory
    component; it binds to IgA to form secretory IgA (SIgA).

    2
    Immunology Lecture Notes: Immunoglobulin classes. Dept. Vet. Microbiology&Parasitology.

    - IgA is second concentration in human sera, but it is minor component in


    animal sera.
    - IgA is major immunoglobulin in colostral secretions of non-ruminants.
    - IgA can’t opsonize antigen, it does not activate complement cascade, but
    it can agglutinate antigen and neutralize viruses.
    - Major role of IgA is to prevent adherence of antigens to body surfaces
    where it is known as secretory IgA (SIgA).
    - The secretory piece protects IgA from digestion by intestinal proteolytic
    enzymes.
    - IgA is a dimer of 360 KDa, with α-epitopes on its heavy chains.

    IgE:

    - IgE is found in very low concentrations in the serum of non-parasitized


    individuals.
    - IgE has a MW of 200 KDa, because of the additional domain in the
    heavy chain near the hinge region.
    - IgE mediates (type I) hypersensitivity reactions.
    - IgE largely responsible for immunity to invading parasitic worms.
    - IgE has the shortest half-life of all immunoglobulins (2-3 days) and is
    readily denatured by mild heat treatment.

    3
    Immunology Lecture Notes: Immunoglobulin classes. Dept. Vet. Microbiology&Parasitology.

    IgD:

    - IgD has a MW of 180 KDa; it has only 2 domains in its heavy chains
    because it lacks a CH2.
    - IgD is susceptible to proteolysis; it can’t be found in serum but is present
    in low concentrations in plasma. It is denatured by mild heat treatment.
    - IgD is primarily a B-cell antigen receptor (BCR).

    IgN:

    Ducks have a low molecular weight immunoglobulin which is called IgN


    (118KDa) but it should be considered IgG subclass. It is predominant in
    duck serum.

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